高中英语必修三知识点

必修3知识点归纳Unit 1 Festivals around the world1. mean v. & adj.1). mean doing sth. “意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”2). mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事”3). mean sb. to do sth. “打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构。4). be meant to do sth. “旨在做某事” The meeting is meant to solve the problem.2. celebrate v. 庆祝令人高兴的事情或日子 congratulate v. 祝贺某人做某事 congratulate sb. on sth./doing srh.3. take place 发生；举行 (不能用于被动语态中!)take sbs place/ take the place of sb= replace sb 代替某人take place 指经过安排的事情happen 偶然发生，碰巧发生break out 灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发in the first place 首先，第一点 in the last place 最后in ones place 处于位置，为某人着想 in place 放在原来的位置，就位in place of 代替，用而不用 take ones place 找替某人接替某人的位置4. of all kinds 各种各样的all kinds of 各种各样的 the same kind of 相同种类的 different kinds of 不同种类的 kind of 一点，（后接adj./adv.）5. starve v. 挨饿; 饿死 starve for渴望得到 starve to death 饿死 be starved of极需，缺乏 starve for极其需要，渴望得到starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事6. honour 1) v . 尊敬,给以荣誉 honour sb. with sth. 用某事向某人表达尊重 be honoured to do 做某事感到很荣幸2) n. 荣誉，光荣 in honor of 为了纪念 have the honour of doing 有幸做某事 show honour to sb. 像某人表达敬意7. satisfy vt. 满足,使满意; be satisfied with 对满意 be satisfied to do 对做某事感到满意satisfy ones needs/demands/curiosity 满足某人需求/好奇心satisfying adj. satisfaction n satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfactory 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体。satisfied 指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体(人)satisfying: 令人愉快, 主语是不定式. 常用于句型: Its satisfying to do sth. 做.使人满意8. in memory of 纪念,悼念9. belief n.信任；信仰，信心 have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人有信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that . 相信 It is my belief that .我相信 10.gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润 vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。 get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。 acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。11. gather 1) 聚集,集合 (vi) A lot of people gathered to see what had happened.2) 收集 (vt) The student gathered a lot of information about the hero. gather 用途较广泛，可用于人、物或无形的抽象事物，如人群的集合，食品、财产、文件、 书籍等的收集。强调将分散的东西收集在一起。 collect 强调为了研究目的而做的有鉴别、有计划的收集，并指为了爱好而做的有条理的 安排，对某些事物进行逐渐的收集 12.hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等, 强调功能的损失。damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。13. dress “给穿衣服”。后接sb. 或者反身代词get dressed 表示动态 be dressed 表示静态, dress in. 穿何种衣服 dress up是“打扮,化装” 14. award. n. 奖, 奖品 v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物award后接双宾语 reward 奖赏, 酬谢, 不能接双宾语。 reward sb. for sth. reward sb. with sth. 15.admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖” admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地 in admiration of 表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人联想拓展 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 demand answer of sb.要求某人答复 ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙16. permission n. 许可，允许with/without (ones) permission 得到允许/未经允许 ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可 give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have ones permission 得到某人的同意17. clothing/clothes/cloth clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词； clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式18. look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着某事, 其to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号。习惯于be (get) used to 坚持stick to 反对object to 导致lead to献身于be devoted to 被宣判为be sentenced to 喜欢prefer.to 谈到come to 期待look forward to 增添add to 开始get down to。19. as though和as if (1) 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。(2) 引导表语从句It looks as if its going to rain看样子天要下雨as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气，根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。20. have fun 过得快乐 = have a good time=enjoy oneself. have fun ( in ) doing sth.21. turn up.1) 来, 出席(某活动) 2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 反义词turn down. turn against 反对；背叛 turn down 调小；拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开；发动 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn away 走开;转过脸去;turn in 进入；交出；上交 turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑 turn into把变成22. keep ones word 守信用， 反义词是break ones word 失信 注意：keep ones word和break ones word中的名词word不能用复数形式！break ones word 食言 get in a word 插嘴 in a/one word=in short总而言之 in other words 换句话说 word for word 逐词 have a word with sb.与某人谈话 have words with sb. 与某人争吵 word came that .有消息传来23. obvious adj. 1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词 2) It + be + obvious +that-clause 显而易见,一目了然 obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。apparent具有某些明显的迹象，侧重经历推理才能看出结果。clear 表示明白的，清楚的。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。24. marry 的用法：1) “和.结婚”，“嫁.”，“娶.”时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.2)表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with.注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而be married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。25. set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力set about doing sth. 着手(做某事) set in 开始 set up建立，创立 set down写下，记下set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态 set off for a place 出发到某地 set about doing sth.开始（某工作）；着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路 set out to do sth.开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起；创立，建立 set sth. aside 将.放在一边；节省或保留金钱或时间 set down记下；写下 26. It was obvious/clear that .= obviously/ clearly, . 表示“很明显，显而易见”。属于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+thatclause 结构。It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人应该 It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do 遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人应该 It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ .+ that .据说/判断/报道/宣布/预计 Its suggested/ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人 （做）某事Unit 2 Healthy eating知识点归纳1. diet 日常饮食 go on a diet = be on a diet 节食 a balanced diet 平衡饮食 diet既可指习惯上吃的食物，又可指规定的食物。特指维持健康的食物。food是一般用语，指进入身体供人或动物生长的食物。强调种类时为复数名词。2. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. supply sb. with sth .= supply sth. to sb.offer sb. sth / offer to do sth. 3. energy 原是物理学上的术语“能量”, 用于人时则指“精力,活力，能量”power (身体上,精神上，自然的)能力,体力,智力，力量strength人的或者物体内在的或者固有的 力量 force主要指做某事而使用的外力，或者武力，部队，兵力。4. frustrated 修饰人或者人的声音，表情 frustrating 令人沮丧的 be frustrated with 对.感到沮丧 5. ought to （1）表示责任，义务 He ought to look after his sister. （2）表示建议或劝告 You ought to study hard. 你应该努力学习。 （3）ought to 的否定形式 ought not to（4）ought to have done = should have done 过去应该做而未做6.think of （1）想起；记起 Sorry, I didnt think of your name just now. （2）考虑 We should think of the matter carefully.（3）为着想 Chen Guangbiao is always thinking of the poor people in the poor areas. （4）想；打算 I am thinking of giving up smoking. think about想；考虑 think much of 对评价很高 think highly / well of 高度评价 think out 想出 think badly / little of认为不好 think over 仔细考虑 7. 情态动词 must, may, might, should 用于肯定猜测；can / could用于否定和疑问猜测。 （1）表示对现在情况的猜测，用“情态动词+动词原形” He must be in the classroom. 他一定在教室。 （2）表示对过去情况的猜测， 用“情态动词 + have +过去分词” The ground is wet, it might have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨晚可能下雨了。 （3）can / could 用于疑问句表示“可能吗”；用于否定句表示“不可能”。 -It cant be him. He has gone to Xian. 不可能是他，他去西安了。8、 be tired of 对厌倦；厌烦 be tired of 对厌倦；厌烦 be tired from / with 由于而疲惫 特别提示：tired of为形容词短语，在句中作状语。形容词作状语时，多放在句首或句末。在句中作原因状语、条件状语或伴随状语。9. lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增肥；长胖 10 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb. / sth. doing 让某人做某事；让某情况发生have sb. / sth. done 使某事被做11. get away with 不受惩罚；被放过 get across使了解 get around/round/about到处走动 get down to 着手，开始get down下来；使沮丧 get over恢复 get through完成get away from 摆脱 get along with 与相处 get out of 从中出来12. tell a lie / lies to do something 为了做而撒谎 tell a lie / lies with sb. = lie to sb. 对某人撒谎13. lie- lay-lain-lying 躺，位于lie -lied-lied- lying 撒谎lay- laid- laid- laying 放置，下蛋14. too much 后接不可数名词；位于动词后，修饰不及物动词much too 修饰形容词或副词15、 earn ones living 谋生 =make a living16. although / though / as / while / no matter / _ever 引导让步状语从句，要正确区分主句，从句之间的逻辑关系。17. cusrom 风俗，习惯 customer 顾客，消费者18、in debt欠债be out of debt不欠债 get into debt=run into debt=fall into debt 负债 in ones debt 欠某人情19. consult sb./ sth. 查阅某事物/请教某人 consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人 consult with sb. 与某人交换意见，商谈20. be willing to do 愿意做某事 be unwilling to do 不愿做某事21.glare vi.怒视；发耀眼的光glare 指由于羡慕、恐惧、惊讶而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看。gaze指由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛的看。stare指固定的凝视，暗示好奇、勇敢、无礼貌或愚蠢。glance “一瞥”22、spy on暗中监视spy into 探听 spy out 觉察；发现 spy out the land 了解情况；估计形势23. benefit （1）vt. 对有利 The fresh air here will bebefit you. （2）vi. 受益；得到好处 benefit from/by You will benefit from the fresh air here. 24、 cut down （1）削减；减少 You should cut down your smoking. 你应该减少吸烟。 （2）砍倒 Only a few trees can be cut down for firewood.cut across走捷径 cut at向砍去 cut in 插嘴；干预 cut off切断；挡住 cut out 删掉；切除 cut up 切碎；使难过25、before long 不久以后,用于一般将来时态。long before表示“很久以前”，用于过去时态。26、 put on （1）穿上；戴上 Put on your coat, its cold outside. （2）上演；表演；展出 They put on a new play last week.（3）假装 He put on a smile when he saw me. put aside 放到一边；存储 put away 收起来；存储 put back 放回原处；拨慢put down 放下；写下来 put forward 提出；推荐 put off推迟；让下车 put out 扑灭；生产；发表 put up 举手；搭建；张贴 put up with 忍受；容忍27. the+序数词 表示第几个 a+序数词 表示再一个，又一个28. to做介词的固定搭配：be / get / become used to 习惯于 be given to 喜欢；癖好 be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于 be admitted to 被录取；准进入 be attached to附属于 adjust to 适应 be known to 为所知 be connected to连在一起 compare to把比作 access to 接近(某地的)方法 according to 根据 contribute to 为作贡献get down to着手做 lead to 着手做 object to / be opposed to 反对 put ones mind to全神贯注于 next to 的旁边 due to 由于；归因于 thanks to 多亏了；由于 owing to 由于；因 be familiar to 为 熟悉 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note1、 bring up （1）提出 Why did you bring that question up again? （2）抚养大；教养 Parents should bring up children to be polite. （3）呕吐 He must be ill, he brought up everything.bring down 击落；降低 bring about 致使 bring along 使发展；领来 bring back 拿回来；使恢复 bring out 出版；生产 bring in 介绍；引进；赚钱2、 be set in 故事发生在；以为背景set about 开始；散布 set back 往回拨；推迟 set aside 挑出；不顾；不理会 set apart 使分离；留出 set forth 动身；启程；阐明 set off 动身；出发；引爆 set oneself against 坚决反对 set out 动身；开始；装饰；摆放 set up 开办；建立set out to do sth 着手做 set about doing sth着手做注意：set out 和set about 都表示“着手做”。但set out 后跟to do, 而set about后跟doing。3、 do with 。（1）安排；处理 多和what连用 I have a lot of personal affairs to do with today.（2）想要；需要 多和can连用 Your hands can do with a wash. 你的手需要洗一下。（3）有就行了；凑合。多和can连用 Can you do with five Yuan a day? （4）受不了；不能 多和cant连用。 I cant do with his temper. 我受不了他的脾气。 (5) 与有关 多和have to连用 The man has nothing to do with the case. 4. permit sth.permit sb.to do sth. permit doing sth.5. by accident 偶然；无意中 by chance 偶然；碰巧 by mistake 错误的 by all means 一定；务必 by means of 用；凭借 by no means 决不6. mistake指偶然做错了事，如拼写错误，错拿了东西等，强调日常生活中的错误error指违反某一标志做的错事，包括道德上的错误fault性格上或方式上的“缺点”“毛病”，强调过失的责任，不与make搭配，与have 或commit搭配wrong指“坏事，冤枉”7、 find oneself 发现自己；不自觉的 When he came to himself, he found himself in a ward. 苏醒过来后，他发现自己在一个病房里。注意：此句型中，宾语补足语一般用介词短语、现在分词或过去分词充当。8、 account for 做出解释；导致 How do you account for the accidents in series?by / from all accounts 据说，据报道 keep an account of 记录on someones account为（某人）着想 on ones own account.靠自己（的钱财）take something into account / take account of)（在决定或行动之前）将考虑进去 9. seek - sought - sought( 1 ) 追求；寻找 Everyone is trying to seek truth from facts. ( 2 ) 试图；企图 Ive never sought to hide my view. ( 3 ) 征求 We should seek advice from our customers. ( 4 ) 朝/ 往去；指向 Water seeks its way east. 水往东流。seek after/ for 寻求；追求 seek out 搜出；挑出play hide and seek 做迷藏 not far to seek不难找到；很简单10、on the contrary 正相反to the contrary 相反的 by contraries 相反的；出乎意料的 by contrary to 和相反on the contrary “恰恰相反，指对上文关系的转折。to the contrary “相反的”，是对事物的评判。 I will come on Monday unless you write me to the contrary. 我星期一来，除非你写信叫我不来。11、 take a chance冒险 I dont want to take a chance to do that. 我不想冒险做那件事。take after与.相像 take delight in以为乐 take for 把.看成是 take in接受；吸收；理解 take over接管 takeinto account考虑 takeinto consideration考虑12、否定转移句。 think, believe, suppose, consider, imagine 这几个词后如果跟否定形式的宾语从句，否定不能放在从句中，必须放在主句里。但翻译为汉语时，又要把否定放回到从句中去。 I dont think he will come this afternoon. 我想他下午不会来的。 He doesnt believe that I can win the match. 他认为我赢不了比赛。 否定转移句的反义疑问句构成：当主句主语是第一人称时，反义疑问句反问从句；当主句主语是第二、第三人称时，反义疑问句反问主句。无论反问主句还是反问从句，反问部分一般用肯定形式。 I dont think he will come this afternoon，will he? 我想他下午不会来的，他会吗？ He doesnt believe that I can win the match, does he? 他认为我赢不了比赛，是吗？ 13、in rags 衣衫褴褛 14、as for 至于；说到 As for me, I dont have enough money to do that.易混辨析：15、It is / was for sb. to do sth. 该某人做某事 It is for you to pay the bill this time. 16、ask for（1） ask for something 要东西 The man came up and asked for a light. （2）ask for sb. A.要求见某人 Someone is asking for you in the office. B.要某人接电话 Someone is asking for you one the phone. 17、regret vt.& vi. （1）后悔；惋惜 后面跟名词、代词、从句或动名词 （2）遗憾 后面跟不定式，并且多跟say, tell和inform。I regret to say that I have left the plane tickets at home. 我很遗憾的说我把飞机票落在家里了。Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1、system 系统，体系 solar system 太阳系 government systems 政府体系2. interest vt. 使感兴趣 sth. interest sb. interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的3. 世界上独一无二的东西，前面加定冠词the, 例：the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world.但是名词前若有adj修饰，一般用不定冠词a/an。例：There is a big moon in the sky.4. start/begin with 以开始； to start/begin with首先=first of all5. wide 做副词表示具体的宽 He lay here, with his eyes wide open./ wide awake.widely adv. 修饰抽象的,广泛的 The book is widely read.6. in all directions 四面八方 in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向7. to do一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语。Only to do结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。She went to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.8. last 持续; 维持 其后的介词for经常省略。 The meeting lasted (for) three hours.9. in time及时；终于 You will get used to it in time. 最终你会习惯的。on time 按时 in no time 立即；马上 at one time 曾经；一度 at a time 一次 at any time 任何时候 at times有时；偶尔 from time to time 有时10. atmosphere 大气层，经常与定冠词联用 the atmosphere 气氛，氛围 The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.11. unlike prep. 不像 Unlike his brother, he is diligent. 不像弟弟，他很勤奋。dislike v. 不喜欢 I dislike eating fish. I like eating meat. 12. be fundamental to 对至关重要，基础 fundamental differences 根本的不同13. for the first time 第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。The first time 为连词，连接句子14.lay eggs 下蛋 lay the table 摆桌子 lay up 储存；搁置 lay over 推迟 lay the blame on 责怪 lay the foundation 奠定基础 lay to 归咎于 lay out 摆开；展示 lay open 摊开；揭露 lay aside 放在一边；积蓄 lay down 放下；放弃 lay for 等候15. give birth to生产；产生 She gave birth to a healthy baby last night.at birth 出生时 by birth 天生的；生来 be of good birth 出身名门 a second birth 再生；新生 bring to birth 使产生16. spread 伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播 The news spread through the school quickly.The mother spread a cloth on the table.The fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape.17. thus adv相当于therefore 因此 The universities have expanded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education.18. in ones turn 轮到. by turns 轮流 in return作为回报 in turn 依次轮流 反之，从而 go for a turn 散步；兜风 out of turn 不合时宜的 take a turn 转弯 19.tooto 太而不能 表示肯定得几种情况20 depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于 It / that depends.看情况吧。注意：depend on 后不能跟that 引导的宾语从句，这时必须在从句前加上it.You may depend on it that she will surely pass the exam.21 the year to come= the coming year 在将要到来的一年。To come做后置定语22. block vt.（1）堵住；阻塞 A big stone has fallen from the mountain and blocked the road.（2）阻碍；阻挡 The wet weather blocked our plan for a trip. block out vt. 封闭,遮挡（光线和声音等）; 忘记，抹掉 That wall blocks out all the light. 23. off(1) (和某些动词连用)开；掉 The bird flew off. 鸟飞走了。(2) （作表语）走掉；动身走 Are you really off? 你真要走吗？(3) （和某些动词连用）下去 Cut the end off. 把头切掉。(4)距离多远（时间；空间） Summer is only a week off. 再有一个星期就到夏天了。(5) 不工作；休息 The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理让员工休息一天。24. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth. -explanation(n)25. mass n. 一堆；一块；一团（1）a mass of = masses of