高中英语过去分词用法

TheVerb-ed,动词的过去分词,1.过去分词/-ed分词与过去分词短语/-ed分词短语的句法功能,-ed分词与-ed分词短语在可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语，状语等句子成分。,2.-ed分词（短语）作定语,-ed分词常被用来做名词的前置定语。及物动词的-ed分词作前置定语通常带有被动含义，而相应的ing分词作前置定语则有主动含义。,Compare:,eg.atalk,amachine,language,abird,recorded,recording,spoken,speaking,*不及物动词的-ed分词也可以作名词修饰语（定语），但这种-ed分词没有被动的含义，只有完成的意义；反之，-ing分词作名词修饰语/定语则表主动和正在进行的意义。,eg.fallenleaves（完成；无被动）,fallingleaves（主动；正在进行）,thesun（完成；无被动）,thesun（主动；正在进行）,acountry（完成；无被动）,acountry（主动；正在进行）,risen,rising,developed,developing,*-ed分词作定语通常带有其他成分，这种-ed分词结构/短语相当于一个定语从句，经常与定语从句相互替换着用。,eg.Thegasessentintotheairbythechemicalworksarepoison.,(thatare),eg.Thisisthemostinterestingstoryeverheardof.,eg.Thefishcaughtyesterdaywasstillalive.,eg.Thetreesoffriendshipplantedbytheforeignvisitorsaregrowingwell.,(thatis),(whichwas),(whichwere),3.-ed分词作表语,-ed分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态（心情或感觉），被动和完成的特点不是很明显。,eg.Shelooked,eg.Dontget,eg.Sheseemedquiteattheidea.,disappointed.,excited.,delighted,能这样使用的-ed分词有：,disappointeddiscouragedfrightenedastonishedinterestedamused,satisfiedsurprisedcrowdedpleasedpuzzledworried,excitedunexpected,drunkdressed/undressed,这类词实际上已经变成了形容词，用来表示“感觉”,有些-ed分词用作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。,被动结构与-ed分词作表语的结构主要差别是：*被动结构表示一个被动的动作或行为.*带表语的结构表示主语的特点或当时所处的状态。,带表语结构的句子：,Thebookiswellwritten.,带被动结构的句子：,Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.,Hewasinjuredintheleg.,Hehadbeeninjuredtwicethatyear.,4.-ed分词结构作宾语补语,-ed分词通常表示被动和完成的意义。,eg.Weshouldmakeourselves_whentalking,eg.Wefoundhim,gone.,understood,eg.Wefoundhergrearlychanged.,eg.Pleasekeepusofthelastdevelopment.,eg.Thelocalpeoplewishthesebuildings(tobe),informed,accomplished.,要求用-ed分词结构作宾语补语的动词有三类：感官动词see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find/fee等。Whenhearrivedhome,Tomfoundhisdogkilled.,2.使役动词：have/get/leave等Yourcarworksmuchbetternow.Haveyougot/haditrepaired?3.表示“认为”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等：think/consider;want/like/wish;declare;order.Doyouconsideredherexamined?,5.-ed分词结构作状语,-ed分词结构作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种-ed的分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句,有时候也可以改成省略结构。,如表示原因：,Greatlysurprised,hecouldntsayaword.,Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlfeltunfair.,1(Ashewas),2(Becauseshewas),表示时间：,completed,thecanalwillconnecttheriverwiththelake.,Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksmagnificent.,1(Whenitis),2(Whenitis),表示条件：,Coatedwithsugar,bananaswilltastebetter.,Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavedonemuchbetter.,(Iftheyare),(IfIhadbeen),表示让步：,Evenifinvited,Iwouldntgo.,Thoughdefeatedagainandagain,theywentonfighting.,(Iw