英语句子成分讲解简单版

一、介绍与其重要性,句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：,主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。,学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。,句子成分详解表,英语的句子成分：,一）主语：Wallshaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.二）谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.,动词/动词短语,名词,代词,数词,todo不定式,doing动名词,句子,Myfatherisaprofessor.Whosthat?Itsme.Everythinghereisexpensive.Thematchbecameveryexciting.Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.,三）表语它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.,系动词、连系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词n,代词pron,形容词adj,adj,介词短语,数词,todo不定式,句子,（四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。,Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.Wehaventseenherforalongtime.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?Givemefourplease.Hewantstodreamanicedream.Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.,动词/动词短语,介词,名词n,代词pron,动名词,代词和数词,todo不定式,句子,介词+名词,（五）定语是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。,Theyarewomanworkers.Tomsfatherdidntwritehomeuntilyesterday.Maryisabeautifulgirl.Theplayhasthreeacts.ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Ihavenothingtoeat.ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.,名,前,后,名词,名词所有格,形容词adj,数词,形容词/序数词/todo不定式,现在分词doing,todo不定式,从句,六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。,Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.Wellsendacartofetchyou.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybonesThestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.Ifhegoes,sowillI.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步状语,七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.,名词,形容词,介词短语,todo不定式,现在分词doing,done过去分词,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构,八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语,Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.,与宾语补足语一样,口诀记忆,主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。,二.五种简单句基本句型,主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,动词,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主语+系+表语,主语+谓语,1）Ourcityisatthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways.主语系动词表语2）Thecitywillbecomerich.主语系动词表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化”类：_.“感官”类:_.“持续”类：_.其他：（似乎）_(证明是)_,get/become/turn/grow/go,taste/smell/feel/look/sound,stay/keep/remain,Seemappear,turnout/prove(tobe),1主语+系动词+表语,Exercises,你的故事听起来很有趣。_.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.这个计划证明是可行的。_.,Youstorysoundedveryinteresting.,Putthefishintofridge,ortheywillgobad.,Thehotdaywillremain/stay/keepafewdays.,Theplanturnedout/proved（tobe)practical.,2主语+谓语,1）Buildinghasstarted.主语谓语2）Thetrainleavesat7:40.主语谓语_搭配：Theteacherteacheswell.Thechildwalksveryslowly._搭配：Thegirllookedatthepicture.Thechildrenrantotheforest.,动词副词,动词介词,Exercise,我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。_,EverydayIgetupearly,walktotheparkandsitonthebench.,3主语+谓语+宾语,Thebossemployedfivemoreworkers.主语谓语宾语Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Fewstudentsliketakingexams.Heforgottoclosethedoor.IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently.,Exercise,他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.,Hedrovesofastthathebrokethetrafficrules.,Hetookoutabeeranddrankitupquickly.,Hepromisedtogivemeagift.,4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,1）Hehasfetchedussomenewtextbooks.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2）Grandmacookedusanicemeal.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语3）Themantoldthegirlthathewantstotestherthesubject.4）TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese.,可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise,顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.下学期谁教你们生物？_.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.,Bytheway,hasshepaidyoumoney?,Whowillteachyoubiology?,Mr.Whitetoldmewhyhewentabroad.,5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,1）Thevillagersdidntallowthemtodothis.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语2）Iwillkeeptheboxintheshade.3）Wefou