药学英语-中药药剂复习资料

.,Glossary,1.Introduction,PharmaceuticalScienceofChineseMedicinePharmaceuticsofChineseMaterialMedicaPharmaceuticsofChineseMedicinePharmaceuticalScienceofTCM,中药药剂学,.,Pharmaceuticsconvertsadrugintoamedicine.drugpharmacologicallyactiveingredientinamedicine.Interactwithatargetinthebodyandexhibitsdesirablepharmacology,alternativesofdrug：medicinalagent,pharmacologicalagent,activeprinciple,activeingredient,activepharmaceuticalingredient(API),.,Adosageformisthephysicalformofadrugthatispresentedtothepatient.,Anexcipientisgenerallyapharmacologicallyinactivesubstancesusedasacarrierfortheactiveingredientsofamedication.Anycomponentofadosageform,otherthanthedrugsubstance,isanexcipient.,Theexcipientsarepharmacologicallyinactivebutcanhaveasignificantimpactontheperformanceofmedication.,.,Pharmaceutics,f:msju:tksn.药剂学Dosageformdsdf:m剂型Biopharmaceuticalbaiu,f:msju:tikladj.生物药剂学的Routesofdrugadministration给药途径,Excipientsekspntn.辅料，赋形剂Additivesdtvn.辅料，附加剂Formulationf:mjlenn.处方,Parenteralprent()r()ladj.肠胃外的，注射的Gastrointestinaltract胃肠道Absorptionrate吸收率,.,Glossary,2.Dispensingthechinesemateriamedica,prescription,OfficialprescriptionAgreedprescriptionPhysiciansprescription,Prescription-onlymedicinesNon-prescriptionmedicines/overthecounter,.,Glossary,3Sterilizationandpreservative,Techniquesofsterilizationrefertothecompletedestructionofalllivingorganismsandtheirsporesortheircompleteremovalfromthepreparation.,Sterilizationcanbeachievedbyphysical,chemicalandothermeans.,.,Glossary,4Comminution,sieving,mixing,Comminution,kmnjn粉碎,DrycomminutionWetcomminutionCryogeniccomminutionkradenkUltra-finecomminution,Sieving过筛,.,Glossary,5Thepreparationsofextractions,Decoctionsdkk()n汤剂mixtureandoralliquid中药合剂与口服液剂syrups糖浆剂simplesyrups单糖浆decoctingpaste/concentrateddecoctions煎膏剂（膏滋）medicinalwineandtincture药酒与酊剂LiquidextractsandExtracts流浸膏剂与浸膏剂,.,Glossary,6.Liquidpreparations,Homogeneoushmdnsadj.均相的Pharmacopoeia,frmkpin.药典Bacteriostaticwater抑菌水Distillationn.蒸馏,Efficacyefksn.药效Antioxidantsn.抗氧化剂Solubilisaten.增溶质Colloidkldn.胶体Coarsedispersion粗分散系,.,Non-aqueoussolvents非水溶剂Elixirslksn.酏剂Spiritssprtn.醑剂Tincturest(k)tn.酊剂Isotonic,as()tnkadj.等渗的Preservativesprzvtvn.防腐剂Microorganismsmakrg()nz()mn.微生物shelf-lifen.保质期Clarityklrtn.澄明度,.,Sedimentsedm()ntn.沉降Sedimentationrate沉降速率Flocculesflkjuln.絮凝物,Flocculationflkjuleinn.絮凝Deflocculatedsystems反絮凝体系Aggregatesgrgtn.聚集体Bioavailability,bao,velbltin.生物利用度,.,Sweetenersswit()nn.甜味剂Stabilizerssteblazn.稳定剂Suspendingagents助悬剂Emulsifermlsfan.乳化剂Emulsification,mlsfkenn.乳化Creamingn.乳状液分层Rheologyrldn.流变学,.,hydrophile-lipophilebalance(HLB)亲水亲油平衡值Phaseinversion转相Homogenizershmdnazn.均质机,Coalescencen.合并Microbialcontamination微生物污染,.,Glossary,7.Solidpreparations,Powderspaudzn.散剂Granulesgrnju:lsn.颗粒剂Granulationgrnjlenn.制粒Tablettbltn.片剂,Drygranulation干法制粒Wetgranulation湿法制粒,.,Fluidized-bedgranulation流化床制粒Spraydrying喷雾干燥Hardgelatincapsules明胶硬胶囊Freezedrying冷冻干燥,Diedan.模具Punchespntizn.冲头Adhesiondhi:nn.粘附,.,Flowabilityflabltn.流动性Disintegrantdsntgrntn.崩解剂Lubricantslu:brkntsn.润滑剂Glidantsldntsn.助流剂Colourantsklrntsn.着色剂Homogeneityhmdni:tin.均匀性Directcompaction直接压实,.,Fillerintablets片剂填充剂Hygroscopicityharskpstn.吸湿性,Absorptionenhancer吸收促进剂Binderbandn.粘合剂Antiadherentndhrntn.抗粘剂,Flavourflev(r)n.调味剂Colourantklrntn.着色剂concentratedpills浓缩丸Flourandwaterpastepill糊丸Waxpill蜡丸drippingpills滴丸,.,Glossary,8.Semi-solidpreparations,Ointmentsntmntn.软膏剂Hydrocarbonhadrk:bnn.碳氢化合物，烃Creamskri:mzn.乳膏Gelsdelzn.凝胶剂Transdermaltrnzd:mladj.经皮吸收的Percutaneousp:kju:tenisadj.经皮的Semisolidpreparations半固体制剂Hydrocarbonbases碳氢化合物基质,.,Absorptionbases吸收性基质Water-solublebases水溶性基质Oleaginousbases油脂性基质,Glossary,9.others,aerosols气雾剂sustainedreleasepreparation缓释制剂controlledreleasepreparation控释制剂,cyclodextrinscomplexs环糊精包合物hydrophobiccavity亲脂性的内穴,.,PillsPillsaresphericalorspherical-likesoliddosageformsmadeofpowderedcrudedrugsorcrudedrugextracts,properbindersorotherexcipients.丸剂系指原料药物与适宜的辅料制成的球形或类球形固体制剂PowdersPowdersmaybedefinedasmixturesofpulverizedcrudedrugsorextractofcrudedrugswhichareusedfororaladministrationorexternalapplicationpulverizedplv,raz粉末状的散剂系指原料药物或与适宜的辅料经粉碎、均匀混合制成的干燥粉末状制剂。,.,GranulesGranulesaresoluble,suspensibleoreffervescentpreparationsingranularformwithcertainparticlesizemadefromdrugextractsorfinelypowdereddrugandsuitableexcipients.effervescentefvesnt泡腾的颗粒剂系指原料药物与适宜的辅料混合制成具有一定粒度的干燥颗粒状制剂TabletsTabletsaresolidpreparationslaminalorvariousshapescompressedtoextractsofcrudedrugs,orfinelypowderedcrudedrugswithsuitableexcipients,includingextracttablets,semi-extracttabletsandpowderedcrudedrugdrugtablets.片剂系指原料药物或与适宜的辅料制成的圆形或异形的片状固体制剂。中药还有浸膏片、半浸膏片和全粉片等。,.,TrochesTrochesaresolidpreparationsofvariousshapesmadefromfinepowdersofcrudedrugsandsuitablebinders(orusingthebindingpropertyofcrudedrugsthemselves).Troches：锭剂锭剂系指饮片细粉与适宜黏合剂（或利用饮片细粉本身的黏性)制成不同形状的固体制剂。ConcentrateddecoctionsConcentrateddecoctionsaresemifluidpreparationspreparedbydecoctingthecrudedrugsinwater,concentratingthedecoctionandaddinghoneyorsugar.(orinvertsugar)煎膏剂系指饮片用水煎煮，取煎煮液浓缩，加炼蜜或糖(或转化糖)制成的半流体制剂。,.,GluesGluesaresolidlumppreparationsintendedforinternaladministration,preparedbydecoctinganimalskin,bone,shellorbornwithwater,concentratingintothickgelatinousmassandthendrying.gelatinousdltns胶剂系指将动物皮、骨、甲或角用水煎取胶质，浓缩成稠胶状，经干燥后制成的固体块状内服制剂。SyrupsSyrupsareconcentratedaqueoussolutionsofsucrosecontainingextractsofcrudedrugs.糖浆剂系指含有原料药物的浓蔗糖水溶液。,.,Mixtures,Mixturesareliquidpreparationsintendedfororaladministration,preparedbyextractingthecrudedrugswithwaterorothersolventsinsuitableways(packageofasingledoseisalsoknownasoralliquids).,合剂系指饮片用水或其他溶剂，采用适宜的方法提取制成的口服液体制剂（单剂量灌装者也可称“口服液”）。,.,Capsules,Capsulesarepreparationsmadebymixingcrudedrugsprocessedbysuitablemethodsandappropriateexcipients,enclosingincapsuleshellorsealinginsoftcapsule.Capsulesareclassifiedintohard,softorentericshells,mainlyfororaladministration.,胶囊剂系指原料药物或与适宜辅料充填于空心胶囊或密封于软质囊材中制成的固体制剂，可分为硬胶囊、软胶囊(胶丸）、缓释胶囊、控释胶囊和肠溶胶囊，主要供口服用,.,MedicinalWines,Medicinalwinesareclearliquidpreparationspreparedbymacerationandextractionofcrudedrugswithdistilledwine.,酒剂系指饮片用蒸馏酒提取制成的澄清液体制剂。,maceration,msren浸渍,Tinctures,Tincturesareclearliquidpreparationsofmedicinalsubstancesmaceratedordissolvedinethanolofspecifiedconcentrationormadebydilutingtheliquidextracts,extendedfororaladministrationorexternalapplication.,酊剂系指将原料药物用规定浓度的乙醇提取或溶解而制成的澄清液体制剂，也可用流浸裔稀释制成。供口服或外用。,.,Gels,Gelsaresemisolidorthickliquidpreparationswithgelnatureswhicharemadebymixingextractsofcrudedrugsandsuitablebases.Gelsaredivisibleintowatersolublegetsaccordingtothecharactersofthebasesused.,凝胶剂系指原料药物与能形成凝胶的辅料制成的具凝胶特性的稠厚液体或半固体制剂,LiquidextractsandExtracts,Liquidextractsorextractsarepreparationsmadebysoakingcrudedrugsinsui