[下册]研究生英语精读教程 Five.ppt

研究生英语精读教程(第三版下),UnitFive,TheAppleofYourEar,1.Text,2.Exercise,3.SupplementaryReading,TheAppleofYourEar,LevGrossman,Menu,Translation,cooladj.veryfashionable,stylish时尚的metropolitanadj.ofachiefcity大都市的,Menu,1TheiPhonestartedoutthewayalotofcool*thingsdo:assomethingcompletelydifferent.Afewyearsago,SteveJobsnoticedhowmanydevelopmentdollarswerebeingspentparticularlyinthegreaterSeattlemetropolitan*areaonwhatarecalledtabletPCs:flatportablecomputersthatworkwithatouchscreeninsteadofamouseandkeyboard.,Jobs,beingJobs,wascurious.HehadsomeApple1engineersnoodlearound*withatouchscreen.Whentheyshowedhimwhattheycameupwith,hegotexcited.Soexcitedheforgotallabouttabletcomputers.Hehadbiggergametohunt.,noodlev.playaninstrumentatwill随意弹奏乐器noodlearoundstudy研究,Menu,Translation,2JobshadjustledAppleonatriumphantrampage*throughanewmarketsector,portabledigital-musicplayers,andhewaslookingaroundformoretechnologytoconquer.Hefoundtheidealtargetsittingonhiship*.Consumersboughtnearlyabillioncellphoneslastyear,10timesthenumberofiPodsincirculation.,rampagen.excitedandviolentbehavior狂暴地乱冲乱闯的行为hipn.thefleshypartofeithersideofthehumanbodyabovethelegs臀,股adj.oforfavoringthelatestfashions;modern新潮的,Menu,ApplesnewiPhone,whichwillbeavailableinJune,coulddotothecell-phonemarketwhattheiPoddidtotheportable-musicplayermarket:crushitpitilesslybeneaththeweightofitsownsuperiority.Thisisunfortunateforanybodyelsewhomakescellphones,butitsgoodnewsforthoseofuswhousethem.,Translation,Menu,3Thegameisalittledifferentthistime.WiththeiPod,Jobsessentiallycreatedawholenewproductcategory.Thecell-phoneturf*isalreadyheldbyentrenched*armiesofphonemakersandserviceproviders.,turfn.thesurfaceofthesoilwiththegrassgrowinginit草地；势力范围entrenchv.todigalongdeepditchinthegroundtoprotectaplaceoranarmy挖壕沟防护；确立,Menu,TheymaynotbeashiporinnovativeasApple,buttheywillshred*oneanotherfornickels*,andtherearealotofnickelsontheground.“Wealreadyhavecellphonesandsmartphones,sothemarketplaceisalreadyverycompetitive,”saysindustryanalystJeffKagan.“WehavenotseenApplecompeteintheinsanely*intense,competitivewirelessmarketplace.”,shredv.tocutortearintosmallpieces撕成碎片；拼杀nickeln.美thecoinoftheUSandCanadaworth5cents五分镍币insanelyadv.madly疯狂地,Menu,Translation,4Butitwasntjustthemoney.CellphonesinterestedJobsbecauseeventhoughtheydoallkindsofstuffcalling,textmessaging,Webbrowsing*,contactmanagement,musicplayback,photosandvideotheydoitverybadly,byforcingyoutopresslotsoftinybuttonsandnavigate*diverseheterogeneous*interfacesandsquint*atatinyscreen.,browsev.toreadhereandthereinbooksforenjoyment浏览navigatev.togobysea,air,etc.驾驶船只等,浏览heterogeneousadj.ofdifferentkinds不同的,异类的squintv.tolookwithalmostclosedeyes眯眼而看,Menu,“Everybodyhatestheirphone,”Jobssays,“andthatsnotagoodthing.Andtheresanopportunitythere.”ToJobsperfectionisteyes,phonesarebroken.Jobslikesthingsthatarebroken.Itmeanshecanmakesomethingthatisntandsellittoyouatapremium*price.,premiumadj.worthmorethanusual特佳的,特级的,Menu,Translation,5Thatwaswhy,2.5yearsago,Jobssicced*hiswrecking*crewofdesignersandengineersonthecellphoneasweknowandhateit.TheybeganbymeltingthefaceoffavideoiPod.Noclickwheel*,nokeypad*.,sicv.ordertoattack命令攻击wreckingadj.rescuing救援clickwheeln.导航键盘keypadn.字母键盘,Menu,Theysheared*offtheentirefrontandreplaceditwithahuge,bright,vividscreenthattouchscreenJobsgotsoexcitedaboutafewparagraphsago.Whenyouneedtodial,itshowsyouakeypad;whenyouneedotherbuttons,thescreenservesthemup.Whenyouwanttowatchavideo,thebuttonsdisappear.Suddenly,theinterfaceisntfixedandrigid,itsfluidandmolten.Softwarereplaceshardware.,shearv.tocutoffwoolfrom修剪shearoff:tobreakintwo折断,Menu,Translation,6IntothatiPodtheystuffedaworkingversionofApplesoperatingsystem,OSX,sothatthephonecouldhandlereal,nontoy*applicationslikeWebbrowsersande-mailclients*.,nontoyadj.real真正的clientn.客户端,Menu,heyputinacellantennaandtwomoreantennasforwi-fi*andBluetooth*,plusabunchofsensors,sothatthephoneknowshowbrightitsscreenshouldbeandwhetheritshoulddisplayverticallyorhorizontally,andwhenitshouldturnoffthetouchscreensothatyoudontaccidentallyoperateitwithyourear.,wi-fiandBlue-tooth:wi-fi是无线保真技术WirelessFidelity的缩写,它与蓝牙（Blue-tooth）技术一样,属于在办公室和家庭中使用的短距离无线通信技术。Blue-tooth蓝牙技术,Menu,Translation,7ThenJonathanIve,ApplesheadofdesigntheEnglishmanwhoshapedtheiMacandtheiPodsquashed*thecasetolessthanhalfaninchthickandwidenedittowhatlookslikeabarofexpensivechocolatewrappedinaluminumandstainlesssteel.,squashv.toforceintoaflatshape;crush压扁,Menu,TheiPhoneisatypicalpieceofIvedesign:anaustere*,abstract,Platonic*-lookingformthatsomehowalsomanagestofeelwarmandorganicandergonomic*.,Menu,Translation,austereadj.lackingcomfort;hard朴素的,无装饰的Platonicadj.柏拉图式的ergonomicadj.referringtothewayinwhichpeopleworkmosteffectivelywithmachines人性化的,8O.K.,soitspretty.Nowpickitupandmakeacall.Abigfriendlyiconappearsonthathugescreen.Sayasecondcallcomesinwhileyouretalking.Anothericonappears.Tapthatsecondicon*,andyouswitchtothesecondcall.Tapthe“mergecalls”icon,andyouvegotathree-wayconferencecall.Itsridiculouslysimple.,iconn.图标,Translation,Menu,9Thefactis,theiPhoneshatterstwobasicaxioms*ofconsumertechnology.One,whenyoutakeanapplicationandputitonaphone,thatapplicationmustbereducedtoacrippled*andannoyingversionofitself.,Menu,axiomn.astatementthatisgenerallyacceptedastrueanddoesntneedtobeproved公理crippledadj.apersonhurtorwoundedinsuchawaythattheuseofoneormoreofthelimbsismadedifficultorimpossible跛足的,Two,whenyoutaketwodevicessuchasaniPodandaphoneandsquishthemintoone,bothdevicesmustnecessarilybecomelamer*versionsofthemselves.,Menu,Translation,lameadj.notabletowalkeasilyorproperly跛足的,TheiPhoneisaphone,aniPodandamini-Internetcomputerallatonce,andtheyallcontrarytobasicphysicsoccupythesamespaceatthesametime,butwithouttakingahitinperformance.Inaway,iPhoneisthewrongnameforit.(Indeed,CiscoissuingApple,claimingitownsthetrademark.)Itsahandheldcomputingplatformthatjusthappenstocontainaphone.,Translation,Menu,10WhyisAppleabletodothingsmostothercompaniescant?Partlybychargingforit:theiPhonewillcost$499fora4-GBmodel,$599for8-GB.Andpartlybecauseunlikemostcompanies,Appledoesitsownhardware,itsownsoftwareanditsownindustrialdesign.Whenitalltakesplaceunderoneroof,yougetakindofcollaborativesynergy*thatmakesunusualthingshappen.,synergyn.jointeffects共同作用,Menu,Translation,11Applealsoplacesanunusualemphasisoninterfacedesign.Itsweats*thecosmetic*detailsthatdontseemveryimportantuntilyoureallysweatthem.“Iactuallyhaveaphotographersloupe*thatIusetomakesureeverypixel*isright,”saysScottForstall,ApplesvicepresidentofPlatformExperience.,Menu,sweatv.careabout,mind在意cosmeticadj.relatedtoorcausingincreasedbeautyoftheskinorhair化妆用的；表面的loupen.放大镜pixeln.像素,“Wewillargueoverliterallyasinglepixel.”Asaresult,whenyouswipe*yourfingeracrossthescreentounlocktheiPhone,yourenotjustaccessingasystemofnestedmenus,youreenteringatinyuniverseinwhichdataexistasbouncy*,gemlike*objects.,Menu,swipev.tohitviolently挥臂重击bouncyadj.fulloflifeandeager有弹性的；有活力的gemlikeadj.宝石般的,Youcanactuallypinchanimagewithtwofingersandmakeitsmaller.Becausetheresnomouseorkeyboard,justthattouchscreen,theresapowerfulillusionthatyourephysicallyhandlingdata.,Translation,Menu,12Ofcourse,ApplesothersecretweaponisthecontrollinghandofSteveJobs,51,forwhomthisisanalmostmysticallysignificantyear.IthasbeenfiveyearssincetheiPodlaunched,30yearssinceJobsco-foundedApple(withStephenWozniak)and10sincehereturnedthereafterhavingbeenfired.,Menu,Inthatdecade,Applesstockhasgoneupmorethan1,500%.Neitheragenorsuccessnorcancersurgeryin2004hassignificantlymellowed*him,althoughsomeofthesilverinhisbeardiscreeping*upintohishair.,mellowv.tobecomeripe使成熟creepv.tomoveoradvanceslowlyandquietly不知不觉来临,Menu,Alltechnologistsbelievetheirproductsarebetterthanotherpeoples,oratleasttheysaytheydo,butJobsbelievesitalittlemorethanmost.HecallstheiPhone“themostimportantproductApplehaseverannounced,withthepossibleexceptionoftheAppleandtheMacintosh.Itsalsogoingtobeanincrediblerevolutionforthewholeindustry.”,Menu,Translation,13Jobszealforproductdevelopmentandenforcinghispersonalvisionremainsasrelentlessasever.HekeepsApplesmanagementstructureunusuallyflatfora20,000-personcompany,sothathecanseewhatshappeningatgroundlevel.ThereisjustonecommitteeinthewholeofApple,toestablishprices.IfthemottoforApplesconsumersis“Thinkdifferent,”themottoforAppleemployeesis“ThinklikeSteve.”,Translation,Menu,14ThesamegoesforApplespartners.ThelasttimeAppleexperimentedwithaphone,thelargelyunsuccessfulROKR,JobsletMotorolamakeit.“Whatwelearnedwasthatwewouldntbesatisfiedwithglomming*iTunesontoaregularphone,”Jobssays.“Werealizedthroughthatexperiencethatforustobehappy,forustobeproud,weweregoingtohavetodoitall.”,glomv.toseize,grab抓住，捉住,Menu,Translation,15Applessuperioritycomplexcaninspireresentment*,whichisonereasonforsomeoftheSiliconValleyschadenfreude*overJobscurrentstock-optionswoes3.AninternalinvestigationhasclearedJobs,butafederalinvestigationandashareholderlawsuitarestillgoingforward.(Jobsdeclinestotalkabouttheoptionsissue.),resentmentn.thefeelingofbeingangryorbitterastheresultofbadtreatment愤恨schadenfreuden.德takepleasureinothersmisfortune幸灾乐祸,Menu,TakingpleasureinseeingaspecialpersonknockeddowntosizeisagreatAmericanpastime.ButtheresnopointinpretendingthatJobsisntspecial.Acollegedropoutwhosebiologicalparentsgavehimupforadoption,Jobshaspresidedoverfourmajorgame-changingproductlaunches:theApple,theMacintosh,theiPodandtheiPhone;fiveifyoucountthereleaseofPixarsToyStory4,whichIminclinedto.,Menu,Translation,16TheiPhonewouldnthavehappenedwithoutApples“werespecial”attitude.Onereasonthereslimitedinnovationincellphonesgenerallyisthatthecellcarriershavestiffguidelinesthatthemanufacturershavetofollow.Carriersdemandthatalltheirhandsetsworkthesameway.,Menu,“Alotoftimes,tobehonest,theressomehubris*,wheretheythinktheyknowbetter,”Jobssays.“Theydictatewhatsonthephone.Thatjustwouldntworkforusbecausewewanttoinnovate.Unlesswecoulddothat,itwasntworthdoing.”Jobsdemandedspecialtreatmentfromhisphone-servicepartner,Cingular,andhegotit.,Menu,hubrisn.afeelingofprideinoneselfoftenresultinginrudenesstoothers过分的骄傲自信,HeevenforcedCingulartore-engineeritstechnicalinfrastructure*tohandletheiPhonesuniquevoice-mailscheme.“Theybrokealltheirtypicalprocessrulestomakeithappen,”saysTonyFadell,whoheadsApplesiPoddivision.“Theywereinfectedbythisproduct,andtheywerelike,Wevegottadothis!”,infrastructuren.thesystemwhichsupportstheoperationofanorganization基础；基础设施,Translation,Menu,17Nowthattheprecedenthasbeenset,itwillbeinterestingtoseeifothercell-phonemakersstartdemandingApple-styletreatmentfromwirelesscarriers.StanleySigman,CingularspresidentandCEO,committedhiscompanytotheiPhonetwoyearsagosight-unseen,butheappearsunderstandablyeagertoplaydowntheuniquenessofApplesdeal.“Ithinktheinterestingaspectofitisourwillingnessandabilitytoworktogether,toallowCingulartobeCingularandAppletobeApple,”hesays.,Menu,“Wehavegreatrelationshipswithothermanufacturers.Buthesclearlybroughtaproducttomarketthatsyearsaheadofanybodyelse.”ItwillalsobeworthwatchingtoseehowsuccessfulcompetitorswillbeinknockingofftheiPhonesall-screenformfactor,whichwillbetrickywithoutApplestouch-screentechnology.Applehasfiledforaround200patentsassociatedwiththeiPhone,buildinganimposinglegalwall.,Translation,Menu,18WilltheiPhonesucceed?Well,whatssuccess?Applewillbreakthe100millionmarkwithiPodsthisyear(italsopassed2billionsongssoldoniTunes).Jobssayshewantstomove10millioniPhonesbytheendofnextyear.Thatnumberiswellincharacterasfarasitsambitiongoes.TheiPhoneisexclusivetoCingularfornow,andCingularhasonly58millioncustomers.JobshopestolaunchinEuropelatethisyearandAsiain2008.TheiPhoneistoobeautifulandtoobrilliantnottobeamoneymaker.,Menu,Translation,19PerhapsitsnotquiterighttocalltheiPhonerevolutionary.ItwontcreateanewmarketorchangetheentertainmentindustrythewaytheiPoddid.Whenyougetrightdowntoit,thedevicedoesntevenhavethatmanynewfeaturesitsnotlikeJobsinventedvoicemail,ortextmessaging,orconferencecallingormobileWebbrowsing.Hejustnoticedthattheywerebroken,andhefixedthem.,Menu,Translation,20Butthatsthemostimportant.(slightlyabridgedbytheeditor),Menu,Translation,Exercise,.Comprehension,.Vocabulary,.Close,.Translation(EnglishtoChinese),.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish),.Writing,Menu,.Comprehension,AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA,B,C,orDundereach.,1.HowdidtheiPhonestartitshistory?Itwastheresultofseveralyearshardresearchwork.ItwasmadeonthebasisofiPod.Itwasonlyastrangecombinationofcircumstances.ItwasanaturaldevelopmentofAppleII.,Menu,Answers,.Comprehension,2.AniPodis_.aportabledigital-musicplayeratabletcomputeravideotaperecorderavideodisk3.ThenewsofiPhonesbeingavailableinthemarketis_.unfortunatetothecell-phonemakersgoodnewsforthecell-phoneusersagoodthingtoeverybodyBothAandB,Menu,Answers,.Comprehension,4.WhatdrawsJobsattentionmost?A.moneyB.victoryC.perfectionismD.position5.Applecandothingsmostothercompaniescantbecause_ithasgoodpartnersithasgoodengineersitsproductschargeforlessitdoesitsownhardware,softwareandindustrialdesign,Menu,Answers,.Comprehension,6.WhatdoyouknowaboutSteveJobs?Heisapersonsufferingfromcancer.Heco-foundedApple30yearsago.Oncehewasfired.Alltheabove,Menu,Answers,.Comprehension,7._isthetroubleofJobs?SomeoftheSiliconValleyschadenfreudeThecancersurgeryHisparentsgavehimupforadoptionHiscurrentstock-optionswoes,Menu,Answers,.Comprehension,8._istheprecedentApplehasset?ThatthecellcarriersfollowtheguidelinesofthemanufacturersThatthemanufacturersfollowtheguidelinesofthecellcarriersThatbothofthecarriersandthemanufacturersshouldmeetthedemandofthemarketAlltheabove,Menu,Answers,.Comprehension,9.Jobshaspromotedover_majorgame-changingproducts.A.4B.5C.manyD.none,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,A.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.,1.HecouldntcomeupwithananswerwhenIaskedhimwhyhewaslate.A.copewithB.thinkofC.haveD.handin2.Herefusedthebribe,anactionentirelyincharacter.A.likehischaracterB.outofcharacterC.likehisusualnatureD.justlikehimself,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,A.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.,3.Hecouldnotliestill,butrampagedupanddownhisbedroom.A.rushedaboutwildlyandangrilyB.walkedC.ranD.went4.Helikestobrowsamongthebooksinthelibrary.A.findsomethingB.pickupsomethingC.readhereandthereD.lookforsomething,Answers,Menu,.Vocabulary,A.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.,5.Thefruitwillsquashifitsbadlypacked.A.crushB.squeezeC.forceD.press6.Machines,attheirbest,arelamecounterfeitsoflivingorganisms.A.goodB.betterC.badD.awkward,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,A.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.,7.Applesmellowaftertheyhavebeenpicked.A.ripeB.gobadC.arepressedD.squash8.Theydictatedtermstothedefeatedenemy.A.gaveB.producedC.statedwiththepowertoenforceD.handedin,Answers,Menu,.Vocabulary,A.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.,9.Heworkedawholenightandsolvedatrickyprobleminmathematics.A.difficulttohandleB.bigC.hardD.interesting,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,A.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.,10.Theholidaysareover,wemustgetdowntoworkagain.A.gobacktoB.begintogiveseriousattentiontoC.gotoD.pay,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,B.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.,11.Theburglar_intothehouseandstolesomethingexpensive.A.creptB.gotC.cameD.rampaged12.Everyonefeels_atbeingtreatedunfairly.A.sadB.angryC.badlyD.resentment,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,B.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.,13.Aftertheamputationofhisleftleg,hebecamea_.A.disabledB.crippleC.patientD.weakman14.Thebatter_theballintothenextfield.A.hitB.beatC.swipedD.blew,Answers,Menu,.Vocabulary,B.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.,15._makesthecriminalthinkthatheistooclevertobecaught.A.PrideB.ConceitC.BeliefD.Hubris16.Heseemspurposefullyto_theimportanceofthedeal.A.lookdownB.ignoreC.overlookD.playdown,Menu,Answers,.Vocabulary,B.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.,17.Thinkbeforeyouspeakisagood_.A.sayingB.mottoC.teachingD.sentence18.Hishealthwasaffectedbyhis_inpublicaffairs.A.workB.attentionC.zealD.hardworking,Answers,Menu,.Vocabulary,B.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.,19.Treeandanimalare_terms,athingcannotbebothatreeandananimal.A.singleB.differentC.similarD.exclusive20.Onhearingthisstory,heimmediately_anarticle.A.wroteB.knockedoffC.copiedD.jotteddown,Menu,Answers,.Close,ReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.,Ihaveaninfatuation(迷恋)_1_autumn.Thecolorsoftheseason,andthesmells,havealwaysthrilledme.Ihavealwaysfound_2_inthistimeofyear.Thelastfewautumnsofmylife,however,Irecollectinshadesofgray_3_cheerfulorangesandyellows.,1.A.withB.forC.inD.on2.A.goodfeelingB.joyC.peaceD.comfort3.A.morethanB.aswellasC.ratherthanD.not,Answers,Menu,.Close,WhenIbecameasinglemother,everyaspectoflife_4_newmeaning.SinceIwasusedto_5_outmostoftheparentaldutieswithoutmuchhelpduringmymarriage,Itrulydidnot_6_howdifferentparentingwouldbecomeafterthemarriagewas_7_.,4.A.tookonB.hadC.changedD.puton5.A.carryB.carryingC.becarriedD.beingcarried6.A.seeB.feelC.knowD.foresee7.A.doneB.overC.outD.ending,Menu,Answers,ButsuddenlyIrealizedIwasastatistic.Thedailyroutinewasnotchangedsomuch;itwastheangle_8_Ihadbeguntolookatlife.Ibelievedmy_9_lawyerwastrackingeverygradethechildrenmade,andIwasundera_10_inthisnewtownwherethechildrenandImovedour_11_home.,8.A.atwhichB.whichC.ofwhichD.withwhich9.A.old-husbandsB.once-husbandsC.past-husbandsD.ex-husbands10.A.examineB.checkC.microscopeD.mirror11.A.newB.brokenC.singleD.parted,Answers,Menu,Ifearedhavingtoeventuallyestablishmyfamilywitheachnewteacherandeachnewtermasasingle-parentfamily.Ijustwantedtobeusagain,withoutthestigma(特征)ofthe_12_thatputonus.,12.A.labelB.na