高必修一 U4 语法讲解：定语从句(关系代词)

定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,一、什么是定语？定语就是在句子中用来修饰名词的那个部分。Itwasasnowyevening.Theboyinblueismygoodfriend.Theyraisedmoneytohelpchildreneagertostudy.Themanstandingovertherewantstoseeyou.TheEnglishspokenatthattimewasbasedmoreonGerman.Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowisabouttaxcut.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.归纳：单个adj：短语、从句：,adj当定语,介宾短语当定语,adj短语当定语,-ing短语当定语,P.P短语当定语,-todo短语当定语,从句当定语,前置,后置,二、定语从句当定语是由一个句子充当时，这个句子称为定语从句；其修饰或限定的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句的结构不完整，其缺少的成分由其引导词-关系代词或关系副词充当；同时，关系词还用于指代先行词。Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.,先行词,定语从句,关系代词,三、关系词的确定（高考考点）还原代入法：把先行词（即定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）还原代入到定语从句中，确定先行词在从句中的成分，从而确定关系词。Thewoman_burstoutoftheroomjustnowwasangrywithyou.Themagazine_Iboughtyesterdayislost.TheUnitedStatesisacountry_hasalonghistory.Thisisthehouse_Ioncelivedin.,who/that,which/that,which/that,which/that,5.Theman_istalkingwithmyfatherisapoliceman.6.Heisthedoctor_yourmotherspoketo.7.Shanghaiisnolongerthecity_itusedtobe.8.Istillrememberthelook_itoncewas.9.Helivesinaroom_windowfacessouth.10.Thisisthescientist_nameisknownallovertheworld.,thewindowofwhich,who/that,whom/that,that/which,that/which,whose,whose,thenameofwhom,结论1：先行词还原代入后在从句中充当主语：指人：指物：充当宾语:指人指物充当定语：充当表语：指人/物注：当先行词在从句中充当宾语时，关系代词可省略,who/that,which/that,whose或ofwhich/ofwhom,who(m)/that,which/that,that,观察：Thisisthehouse_Ioncelivedin.ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.Heisthedoctor_yourmotherspoketo.Heisthedoctortowhomyourmotherspoke.归纳：如果先行词还原代入后是充当介词的宾语，这时介词可以提前至关系代词之前，变成介词+关系代词，这时关系代词只有两种情况：指人：whom;指物：which。结论2：介词+whom/which,which/that,whom/that,Heistheman_whomyoucanbelieve.,1.看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,in,2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,Hegavemesomebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.,with,3.根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,Thisisourclassroom,_whichthereisateachersdesk.,inthefrontof,Thisisthebookwhichyourelookingfor.思考：本句中，for能提前至which前吗？注意：如果从句中出现结合紧密的动词短语，则不能把该短语拆开。类似短语：takecareof,lookafter,listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto等,观察：Hedideverything_hecoulddoforme.Thatstheonlything_wecandonow.Thisisthebestfilm_Iveseenforyears.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings_theysawduringtheirjourney.Whoistheboy_shookhandswithyoujustnow?,that,that,that,that,that,结论3：先行词有以下限定时，关系词只用that：1.先行词为不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,all2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.这正是我在寻找的那本书。4.先行词同时指人和指物时5.当主句是who或which开头的疑问句时,观察：1.Football,_isaveryinterestinggame,ispopularallovertheworld.2.Thisisthehousein_heoncelived.结论4：只能用which，不能用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句时。介词提前时。,which,which,观察：Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromistheone_workshardandstudieswell.Anyone_breaksthelawwillbepunished.Those_wanttogotothemoviesmustwaitattheschoolgate.结论5：只能用who的情况1、先行词是指人的不定代词，如one,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,none等2、先行词是those，指人时,who,who,who,观察：OnTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.Idontlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstohisparents.结论6：先行词是way(意为“方式”)时，可用that/inwhich引导定语从句，或省略关系词。,观察：Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_peopleexpected.Ilikethesamebook_youdo.Iveneverseensuchacleverboy_heis.Ishalldoitinthesameway_youdid.结论7：当先行词被“such”、“thesame”修饰时，定语从句用as引导，构成“suchas”“thesameas”结构。,as,as,as,as,I.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。Thisisthebestfilm_(我看过的).,(that)Ihaveever,seen,2.Hehasadaughter_(在医院工作的).3.Thetree_(叶子变红了的)isanoldone.,who/thatworks,whoseleavesturnred/the,inahospital,leavesofwhichturnred,II.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?whichB.whoC.whomD.that,D,2.Ihaveseensomestrangetrees,_openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.A.whichtheleavesB.whoseleavesC.whichleavesD.theirleaves3.All_weneedisenoughrestafterlonghourswork.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which,B,B,4.OnthetrainIsawagirl_Ithoughtwasyoursister.whoB.whomC.whichD.what5.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”_leadingactorisworld-famous?itsB.thatC.whoseD.which,A,C,1.Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2.Whoistheman_spokeatthemeeting?3.Iknowaboy_oralEnglishisexcellent.4.Japanistheonlycountry_hehasevervisited.5.Themp4_heisusingnowismadeinJapan.6Sheiswearingthesamehat_Iworeyesterday.,用适当的关系代词填空.,who/whom/that,that,whose,that,which,as,7.Isthereanything_youdontunderstand?8.Thisisoneofthemostexpensivemeals_Ihavehad.9.Finallythethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice.10.Thetable_legswerebrokenhasbeenrepaired.,that,that,that,whose,that,which,11.Thedays_wespenttogetherarenoteasilyforgotten.12.Thedictionary_myfatherboughtyesterdayisveryuseful.,1.Thisistherock_theboyfelldownintothesea.2.Thefilmstar_wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.3.TheWestLake_Hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.4.Thesubject_XiaoWangisgoodisphysics.,fromwhich,aboutwhom,forwhich,at