初中英语冠词

学科教师辅导教案学员编号： 年 级：初一 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型 语法-冠词星 级授课日期及时段 教学内容知识回顾冠词定义、分类及其位置不定冠词的用法定冠词的用法零冠词的用法知识梳理一、冠词的定义冠词是用在名词之前，帮助说明该名词含义的一种虚词。它不能脱离名词而单独存在，也不能单独作句子成分二、冠词分类：冠词分为不定冠词（a、an）和定冠词(the)两种形式（一）、不定冠词a, an的用法：“a”用在以辅音开头的词前（指音标不指字母）“an”用在以元音开头的词前. e.g.: an applean hour a studenta university注意: a uniform a European a useful book1表示人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个代表一类.A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用. A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢.2不定冠词用在事物的“单位”前，如时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”.We often go to school twice a day. 我们常常每天去两次学校The car can run 200 kilometers an hour。汽车每小时可以跑200km3不定冠词用来指某人、某物，但不具体说明何人何物.表示“某一” A boy came to see you a moment ago. 一个男孩刚才来看你4、表示数量中的“一”，意义上接近one,但数量概念比One 弱There is a table and four chairs in that dining room 在那个餐厅有一张桌子和4把椅子There is going to be an English lecture this evening今晚将有一场英语演讲 5、 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前（1） 用于集体名词前，I was put into a large class last term我上学期被分到一个大班（2） 用于物质名词前，如coffee , food , tea , fruit , rain , snow , wind等在表示一种一场一杯等意义时，常加不定冠词An unexpected rain fell this morning in this small town 这个小镇今早突然下雨了（3）用于抽象名词前Working with Jane is a great joy和简一起工作是一件很快乐的事情（3） 用于专有名词前面（专有名词一般不加冠词，但表示具有某种特性的人或者物、某不认识的人或者某一个不确定的时间时，专有名词前需要加不定冠词）A Mr . White wants to see you this afternoon一位怀特先生今天下午想见你6、 用于有形容词、短语、或者从句修饰的不可数名词前面（注意：当名词前面有形容词时，用a还是an取决于该形容词的第一个音素）不可数名词，如education，history, knowledge，population 在表述其某一部分或者某一方面的内容概念时，前面常加不定冠词China is an Asian country with a long history中国是一个历史悠久的亚洲国家7、用于序数词前面，表示“又一、再一”Do you want a second chance?你想要再一次机会吗8、用于同源宾语前面，在同源宾语中，与动词同源的名词前面要加不定冠词Last night I dreamed a terrible dream昨晚我做了一个噩梦The little girl smiled a friendly smile那个小姑娘友善地笑了笑9、用于表示动词意义的名词前面与动词构成固定短语具有动词意义的名词在与动词havetakemakegive等构成短语表示一种非延续性的动作时，该名词前的不定冠词一般不能缺少Have a look 看一看 have a walk 散步 have a rest 休息一下Have a try 试一试 give a smile微笑 give a shout 大喊Make a choice做出选择 make a decision做出决定10、用于某些固定词组中A great deal of 大量的 make a move 开始行动 for a while 一会儿 as a result 结果In a hurry 匆忙地 after a while一会让以后 have a good time 玩的愉快 make a living谋生 注意：不定冠词a与an的区别 a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。判断一个单词是以元音音素开头，还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是字母！ 如：an hour an honest boy a university 口诀：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。（1）在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a , e , f , h , I , l , m , n , o , r , s , x ,其他用a（2）以u开头的单词要注意区别： an umbrella ; an unusual story ; a university ; a useful book（二）、定冠词的用法：1表示说话人和听话人双方都知道的人或事物. Where did you put the jeans? 你把牛仔裤放哪里了？2定冠词特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物. The sharpener in the desk is mine. 桌子里的卷笔刀是我的3定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物. I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book costs 15 yuan.4.用在单数名词前表示一类人或事物 The orange is orange.5.用在序数词、形容词最高级以及对特定的两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前面、副词最高级前面 The first lesson is very easy. She is the most careful student in our class. He is the younger of the two boys.6用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前. the sun 太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球the rain 雨7用在形容词或者分词前面，表示一类人或者事物. the poor 穷人the rich富人the wounded 伤者the sick 病人8、序数词前也可以用不定冠词，表示“又一”. Although they failed, they tried a third time.9.用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now.格林一家现在正在看电视 10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前The Great Wall; the United States11、用在表示方位或西洋乐器前Jilin Province is in the north-east of China.12、用于表示“越越”的结构中The more love we give ,the more love we will receive13、用于“动词+人+介词+the +人体部位”结构中The woman hit the man in the face and the man struck her on the back 那个女人打了那个男人的脸，那个男人打了她的背14、用于表示具体的地点、方位、具体的时间或者某天的一部分In every country the sun rises in the east太阳部分国别，永远升自东方15、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前The Yangze River is home to many fishes and animals 长江里许多鱼类和动物的家园16、用在某些固定词组中in the morning/afternoon/ evening ; in the daytime; all the time; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; at the beginning of.; on the other side ; (三)：零冠词用法（1）表示泛指的抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词.Happiness is a direction ,not a place 幸福是一个方向不是一个地点（2）某些专有名词，如 人名、地名、国家名 等前面用零冠词 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York.（3）不可数名词和复数可数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词 Man（不可数名词）cant live without water. Horses are domestic animals.（4）名词前面如有指示代词（this, that ）物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰，不用冠词等作定语时,不用冠词.Every student likes English in our class.I like this picture better This is my address, Lets keep in touch 这是我的地址，咱们保持联系吧(5)用在表 日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某个季节，则需要在月份、季节前加the June 1st is Childrens Day. Spring comes after winter. That event happened in the spring of 1932.(6）球类运动.三餐饭、语言、棋类和学科等名词前不用冠词. We learned arithmetic at primary school 我们小学在学算数Do you like playing basketball or football你喜欢打篮球还是橄榄球（7）称呼和表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语、或与姓氏连用时，其前不加冠词 This is Professor Li. Whats wrong , Granny?（8）单数可数名词相对应使用时，各名词前面不用冠词 ，介词或者连词链接的两个相同、相对或者关系密切的单数可数名词前不用冠词All day and all night 整天整夜day and night日日夜夜 Day after day日复一日 face to face 面对面的 hand in hand 手拉手 heart and soul 全心全意地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩 one by one 一个接着一个little by little 渐渐地husband and wife 夫妇man and woman 男人和女人step and step 一步一步Battle after battle was fought打了一仗又一仗（9）由And连接的表示由两部分或者两种身份组成的一个整体中，第二个名词前面不加冠词，但如果表示两个人或者事物时，每个名词前都要加冠词He raised a black cat and a white cat 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫He raised a black and white cat他养了一只花猫Man 表示全人类或者男性时，其前面不加冠词Man can save the earth , and man can destroy the earth 人类能过拯救地球也可以毁灭地球（10）“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名、路名、山名等名词前用零冠词 Nanjing Road 南京路 Hainan Island海南岛（11）与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词by car; by train; 但in a car，in a boat，on the bike，on a bus等短语中的交通工具前需用冠词（12）假日、节日前用零冠词 New Years Day; Womens Day（13）固定搭配和固定用法中与时间地点方式或者状态有关的一些短语中，通常不用冠词On foot 步行，at home 在家 on show 展览 in surprise 惊讶地 after school 放学 in trouble陷入困境 at noon 在中午 by hand 手工在一些动词短语中Set fire to 防火 catch fire 着火 put on weight 增肥 take part in 参加Take office 就职 pay attention to注意Keep in mind 牢记 come back to life 苏醒Come to /into power 掌权 catch sight of 无意中看见as /though 引导的倒装结构中，如果是名词放在句首，通常不用冠词Girl as/though she is , Mary has managed to swim across the river尽管是女孩子，玛丽仍然成功地游过了这条河系动词turn 后如果有名词时通常不用冠词（turn 后的名词前有修饰词时需要用冠词） I hope to be a pianist ,but I turned teacher我本想成为一名钢琴家，可最终成了教师注意：（1）有些短语中用冠词和不用冠词，意义不同 go to school 上学（是学生） go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生） go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 走到床前，向床边走去（不一定是去睡觉） at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里 in future 今后 in the future 在将来 next year 明年 the next year 第二年 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院 （2）有些短语中用不定冠词和定冠词，意义不同 a number of 意为“许多”，相当于a lot of，修饰可数名词复数，和名词一起作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；the number of意为“.的数量，.的数目”，和名词一起作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 A number of students like playing computer games. The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.三、冠词的位置（1） such 在修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词紧跟在such 之后I have never seen such an animal我从来没见过这样的动物Miss green is such a warm-hearted teacher that all her pupils love her格林老师很热心，她所有的老师都很喜欢她（2） 在被形容词修饰的单数可数名词在as/so/too 之后，不定冠词置于形容词之后，名词之前It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent我从未有过这么高兴的一天（3） 在有all bothhalfmany 修饰的名词或者名词短语中，冠词位于其后All the movie theatres are good 所有的剧院都很好(4) 以what 开头的感叹句，不定冠词紧跟在what 后，以how开头的感叹句，how 紧跟形容词，不定冠词置于该形容词之后Most people know what a great scientist Edison became later大多数人都知道爱迪生后来成了一位多么伟大的科学家注意： What +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词可以和how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词互换，但是同学们要注意这两个感叹句型中不定冠词的位置课堂小测 （ 10min ）一、 单项选择( ) 1“I” the first letter in the word“include”，and there is “u”and “l”in it Aam；an；a Bam；a；an Cis；a；an Dis；an；a( ) 2If we sit by window of the train，we11 have better view A；the B；a Cthe；a Dthe；the( ) 3Is dictionary on the desk yours? No，I dont have English-Chinese dictionary Athe；an Ban；the Can；an Dthe；the( ) 4I think its really hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes Aa Ban Cthe D/( ) 5We can live a better life if we create less polluted world Athe Ban Ca D( ) 6What do you often do after class? We often take part in after-class activitiesI like to play basketball， but my brother likes to play guitar Aa；the Bthe；the C； D；the( ) 7Emily， 11-year-old girl，can sing pop songsShe dreams of being a pop singer Aa；number of Ba；the number of Can；a number of Dan；the number of ( ) 8 person like him wont be simply satisfied with progress that has been made AThe；a BA；the CThe； DThe；the( ) 9I can not remember when exactly the Robinsons left cityI only remember it was Sunday Athe；a Ba；the Ca；a D the；the( )10一What do you think of the bridge? 一Wonderful! I have never seen before Aso a long one Bas long one Csuch a long one Da such long one( )11Yesterday she advised me to buy my daughter iPad as a birthday Present useful suggestion she offered me! Aa；How Ban；What a Can；What Da；How a( )12一Do you want to give him third chance? 一Yes，hes only child in the poor family Athe；a Bthe；the Ca； Da；the( )13Before I talked with doctor，I had never met such humorous person like him Aa；a Bthe；a Ca；the Dthe；the( )14Have you heard of news that Li Hong won the first prize in the match? Yes，I haveWhat exciting news! Athe；an Bthe； Ca； Da；an( )15. What good news! Our school band will play at Harbin Summer Concert in August.A. a B. the C./( )16. When you travel in Xinghua , our local guide will show you around Zheng Banqiao Memorial Hall（纪念馆）.A. a B.an C./ D. the 二、用适当的冠词“a/an/the”填空（不须填的地方用“/”）1 boy is waiting for you at the gate.2 earth goes round sun.3 horse is useful animal.4Which subject is more difficult , maths or physics?5Alice is tallest girl in her class.6 book on the desk is Jims.7Most of the students go to school by bus.8March 8 is _ Womens Day.师生小结1.本节课我们学习了：冠词分类及其用法；冠词的位置2.你学到了什么？课后作业一、用a , an 或 the 填空1_ earth goes around _ sun .2. I see _ girl in _ zoo. The girl wears _ red coat.3. Where is _ hospital?4. Beijing is _ capital of China.5. You need to take _ umbrella with you.6. Do you like playing _ football or playing _ violin ?7. “ Lesson one ” means “_ first lesson”.8. I like running in _- morning.9. She likes eating hamburgers for _ breakfast.10. There is _ old man and some children on _ hill. 11. Today is _ Mothers Day. I bought _- present for my mother. _ present is _ dress. 12. There is_ “ h ” in _ word “ hill ”.二、选择填空1The writer is French person.A、The B、 a C、 an D、/2France is a big country, with coasts on English Channel, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.A、the, the , the B、/,/,/C、a, a, a D、an, an, an3 Teachers Day is on 10 September.A、The B、 A C、An D、/4 are very kind to us.A、The Turner B、The Turners C、The Turners D、Turners5The car can run 200 kilometers hour.A、an B、a C、/ D、the6Early in morning, I visited old friend of mine.A、/; aB、the; anC、the; aD、the; the7 spring is beginning of a year.A、/; theB、the; aC、the; theD、a; a8-Where is English teacher? -Hes talking with Sams father over thereA、aB、anC、theD、/9Wang Weis father built a new house house cost him a lot of moneyA、TheB、AC、theD、An10We cant see _ sun at _ night.A、a; / B、 a; the C、 th