中考英语专题教案---完形填空

专题 完形填空一、命题特点完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出 5 15个空白，要求考生从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完形填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：（1）句子层次；（2） 句组层次；（3） 全篇层次。设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次， 依次增加。分析近几年各地区的完形填空题，我们可以看出设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度较低。二、考点分析完形填空题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。1、完形填空题要求填入的词（1）语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等；（2）具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数代词的格，形容词和副词的级等；（3）固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词；（4）同义词、近义词等易混淆词；（5）根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。2、完形填空题的考查目的（1）考查同学们阅读理解能力；（2）考查同学们语法知识；（3）考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。一、解题步骤近年来完形填空试题的考点已由在语篇中考查语法逐渐转向对语篇的整体理解。比如多数试题所设选项如单从语法角度来判定都是正确的，但一旦联系语篇内容，则只有一个正确答案。解答这类试题考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。 该题型的技巧如下：1、通读全文，了解大意要着眼大局，速读全文。 用 3 4 分钟， 以略读方式快速浏览全文，从语篇整体上了解文章的主题，文体特征，找出作者的观点，态度，思路，结合段首句、段尾句和含有连贯意义的词语，找到文章展开的，句与句以及段与段之间的逻辑关系。2、瞻前顾后，逐步填空逐句通读全文，各个击破，做到通读与猜测并行。对含义明显的词汇，固定搭配或习惯用法，常用句式等纯知识问题，可以边读边随时猜测出答案。 针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案的题目，利用上下文中、字里行间的线索猜测出答案。3、认真复查，适当调整检查核实，通读选定答案后的全文。此时的文章应当是一个语法结构正确，用词准确，上下文逻辑关系严密，主题突出，内容充实，意思连贯的整体。如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明选答不正确。 对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。 可以从以下几个方面对所选答案进行核查：（1）所选择的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调；（2）所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配；（3）所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求；（4）所选词本身和附近的词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。【例】 A man was driving his car on a country road.Suddenly two threelegged chickens ran across the road.“Wow！How 1 those chickens run！” said the man.He was really curious （好奇的）about these chickens， 2 he followed the road where the chickens had just come from. Finally，he came to a farm. There were many threelegged chickens running around. The farmer came out to greet him.”How is it possible to breed （ 繁殖） these chickens？” asked the man.The farmer explained，“Our family all love eating chickens legs. We tried and created the threelegged chickens，so that we could eat even 3 chicken legs every day！”“Interesting！ How does the chickens 4 ？” asked the man.“Well， there is a 5 we havent been able to catch one yet！” said the farmer.1、 A. slowly B. quick C. sudden D. fast2、 A. but B. as C. so D. or3、 A. many B. much C. more D. several4、 A. run B. taste C. breed D. come5、 A. problem B. topic C. chance D. story【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述的是一个农场主因为家人喜欢吃鸡腿，而奇迹般的创造了“ 三只腿”的鸡，然而却因为鸡跑得太快，至今都没吃到这种“三只腿” 的鸡。1、 D解析：根据最后一句“we havent been able to catch one yet！”，“到现在为止，我们一只鸡也没抓住”可推知，鸡跑得很快，故答案选 D 项，意为“迅速地” 。2、 C解析：根据上句“他对这些鸡非常好奇”可推知，“所以他就沿着鸡来的方向沿路寻找，最后他来到了一家农场”，故答案选 C 项，意为“所以”，表结果。3、 C解析：由上文“家人都爱吃鸡腿” 可推知，创造出“ 三只腿”的鸡是为了吃到“更多的”鸡腿，故答案选 C 项，many 的比较级。4、 B解析：联系上文可知，这个好奇的人已经知道了这种“三只腿”的鸡怎么繁殖来的，也知道了这种“ 三只腿” 的鸡跑得有多快， 接下来就想知道味道如何了，故答案选 B 项，意为“尝起来” 。5、 A解析：由“we havent been able to catch one yet！”，“到现在为止，我们一只鸡也没抓住” 可推知，要想知道这种“ 三只腿”的鸡的味道如何，还真是个难题呢，故答案选 A 项，意为“问题，难题” 。二、 技巧点拨在实际考试过程中，考生可以借鉴以下几种解题策略：1、 运用语篇知识完形填空不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯，结构完整的语篇，利用篇章知识是做完形填空的非常重要的技巧和手段。（1）利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。通常，完形填空的第一句话甚至前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息，去挖掘文章思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，或为理解文章的大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。（2）把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段落和句子之间的逻辑关系。完形填空是一篇有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。应熟记表达不同逻辑关系的连词：表示列举的连词：first， second， third . . .表示原因的连词：because， since . . .表示结果的连词：so， therefore . . .（3）利用上下文寻找解题信息。完形填空的文章都是一个意义相关联的语篇。它围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的有关词，我们可以根据这些动词之间的联系确定答案。所以，解题时，应联系上下文，寻找相关线索。2、 运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识词意理解和辨析以及语法结构是完形填空的测试重点，因此可以充分发挥积累的语言基础知识，利用搭配知识解题。3、 运用背景知识、社会常识解解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关社会的知识都发挥着重要的作用。完形填空的文章的内容经常与日常生活相关，有的内容是我们头脑中已经了解的常识。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断。【例】 Do you know how to listen to teachers better in class？When your teacher 1 in class，do you catch every word？If you miss many words，how can you learn well？So you need to learn how to listen carefully. Sit near the front of the classroom and clear your mind. That is，dont think about 2 . Follow the teachers every minute. Look at your teacher. By doing so，it will be 3 for you to follow the teachers. If you cant understand anything，ask a question. You can also talk to the teacher about what 4 . Dont talk to other students around you or play with something when the teacher isnt looking at you. 5 until they become something you always do in class.1、 A. teach B. teaches C. teaching2、 A. new something B. something strange C. anything else3、 A. more difficult B. the most difficult C. less difficult4、 A. do you think B. you think C. you thought5、 A. Remember these B. Forget these C. Read these【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文，说明了如何在课堂上更好地听讲。具体介绍了一些方法，如课堂上要仔细听，不可开小差；不会的要问老师，提出自己的疑问等等。1、 B解析：考查谓语动词的形式。由本句的主语 your teacher可知为第三人称单数，故谓语用三单形式，故选 B。2、 C解析：考查不定代词。由上下文的含义可知是告诉你不要想其他的任何东西，故选 C。3、 C解析：考查形容词的比较级。由上下文的含义可知如果你做到了上面的那些，你就会比较容易的跟上老师的讲课，所以在理解老师上就会有更少的困难。4、 B解析：考查名词词意辨析。根据上下文可知应该是跟老师交谈一下自己的想法，故选 B。5、 A解析：考查词意辨析。 remember these 记住这些；forget these忘了这些；read these 读到这些，由含义可知 A 为正确选项。课堂训练：中考真题演练完形填空一One night，a little swallow flew over the city. He was very 1 and wanted to have a good sleep in the city. When he saw the Statue of the Happy Prince （王子），he flew down and got ready to sleep 2 the feet of the Happy Prince.Just as he was putting his head under his wing，some 3 fell on him. He thought it was raining. But when he looked 4 ， he found the sky was 5 clear and bright that he could see lots of stars. Suddenly，he saw some tears were running down the Princes golden 6 .“ 7 are you crying？” asked the swallow.“ In a little street，theres a poor house. From one of the windows，I see a woman 8 at a table. Shes sewing clothes for 9 women to wear. In a bed in the corner of the room，her little boy is sick. Hes asking for oranges，but his mother has only water to give him，so he is crying. The boy is so thirsty 10 the mother is so sad. Little swallow，will you please take her the 11 from the top of my sword（宝剑）？”“ It is very cold here and I am leaving for a warm place，but I will stay with you and do as you ask. ”The swallow took the bright red jewel from the Princes sword and flew away with it in his mouth. He flew into the womans room and 12 it beside the womans needle. 13 he flew back，he told the Prince what he had done. “ Its strange，” he added，“ Its so cold but I feel quite 14 now. ”“ Thats 15 you have done a good thing，” said the Prince. The little swallow began to think about this，and then he fell asleep.1. A. hungry B. tired C. angry D. sad2 A. among B. above C. below D. between3 A. water B. snow C. grass D. milk4 A. at B. down C. up D. for5 A. quite B. so C. such D. very6 A. ear B. feet C. hair D. face7 A. Where B. How C. When D. Why8 A. sitting B. eating C. drinking D. cooking9 A. poor B. rich C. young D. old10. A. but B. or C. and D. so11 A. jewel B. orange C. gold D. diamond12 A. forgot B. took C. got D. put13 A. Before B. After C. Till D. While14 A. cold B. hot C. warm D. cool15 A. because B. though C. if D. whether完形填空二You have probably heard the expression. “ Its raining cats and dogs outside. ” That means 1 its raining very hardnot that 2 cats and dogs are falling from the 3 . However，one day in June，1882， it really did rain 4 over Dubuque， Iowa. The frogs 5 falling along with hailstones（冰雹） during a 6 storm.Hail is formed when drops of rainwater are 7 by heavy winds and are carried high up into the air. There the raindrops become frozen. Many drops may freeze 8 to form balls of ice；these ice balls，or hailstones，then 9 to earth.During the storm in Dubuque，the strong winds lifted small frogs from nearby ponds（池塘） 10 the air along with raindrops. When some of these frogs became covered with ice，both hailstones and “ frogstones” fell onto the ground.1 A. that B. how C. why D. if2 A. careless B. blind C. dead D. real3 A. hill B. tower C. sky D. building4. A. cats B. frogs C. dogs D. birds5. A. stopped B. enjoyed C. began D. forgot6. A. popular B. terrible C. weekly D. common7. A. divided B. added C. changed D. caught8 A. together B. alone C. so D. almost9 A. hold B. lose C. keep D. fall10A. from B. into C. after D. by完形填空三Years ago，when Dad moved to the US，I had to go to school in New York. I was worried. How could I，an eightyearold girl from 1 ，make friends in America？On my first day at Anna Silver School，I met Miss Alice Green，my class 2 . She spoke to me slowly and 3 to get me used to her American accent （口音）. When she discovered that I 4drawing，she helped me to the art teacher. Miss Green made sure that I fit（适应） into her class easily，and before I knew it，I was already having 5 fun，just as other schoolgirls could.When Dad was sent back to India, I had to 6 Anna Silver School. I was 7 again. Miss Green had planned to take us students for a 8 trip，but I had to say goodbye to them now. So，with a 9 heart，I left my school and the US. Back in India，I received a package one day. It was 10 Miss Green and my 24 classmates. They had written me a letter each， 11 me about the fishing trip. Miss Green said she 12 me very much. With her good wishes， she added， “ Keep up with your drawing， 13 youlove it so much. ”Im very 14 to Miss Green. She not only made a shy little 15 feel at home in a faraway country，but also taught me and my classmates to understand the importance of being kind to others at an early age.1 A. India B. China C. France D. Thailand2 A. nurse B. doctor C. student D. teacher3 A. weakly B. noisily C. clearly D. angrily4 A. hated B. enjoyed C. dropped D. minded5 A. much B. little C. no D. any6 A. reach B. choose C. support D. leave7 A. tired B. surprised C. worried D. satisfied8 A. riding B. fishing C. skiing D. camping9 A. cold B. hot C. light D. heavy10 A. from B. between C. through D. among11 A. teaching B. training C. telling D. treating12 A. thanked B. missed C. hurt D. understood13 A. so B. but C. unless D. since14 A. kind B. patient C. thankful D. friendly15 A. girl B. boy C. daughter D. son完形填空四A spring （泉水） keeper lived high above an Austrian village along the eastern part of the Alps in Central Europe.The keeper of the spring had been 1 a job many years earlier by a young town councilman （议员）. His job was to 2 the leaves from the pools in the mountain. He looked around the hills 3 ，cleared away the leaves and branches，and wiped away the silt（淤泥）that would otherwise have choked （堵塞）and polluted the 4flow of water. The village soon became a（an）5 attraction for vacationers. Swans floated along the clear spring，and the view from the top of the Alps was 6 words.Years passed. One evening the town council met for its meeting. 7they reviewed the budget （预算） ， one mans eye caught the salary figure being paid to the keeper of the spring. He said，“ Who is the old man？ 8 do we keep him year after year？ No one ever sees him. For all we know，he is doing us no good. He isnt 9 any longer. ” Then，they fired the old man.For several weeks， 10 changed.By early autumn，however，the tree leaves began to fall and fell into the pools， 11 the rushing flow of sparkling water. One afternoon someone 12 the spring water turn yellowish. A few days later，swans left，as did the tourists. Diseases reached deep into the village.Quickly，the councilmen held a special meeting. Realizing their 13 ，they rehired the old keeper of the spring. And within a few weeks，the river of life began to clear up. Then，new life 14 to the village in the Alps.Never look down on the seeming 15 of ones task，job，or life！ Even though it is rather small，it does make a difference.1 A. brought B. offered C. found D. worked2 A. remove B. use C. burn D. cut3 A. nearly B. finally C. regularly D. hardly4 A. dirty B. grey C. fresh D. dried5 A. expensive B. popular C. unwelcome D. tough6 A. under B. above C. beyond D. past7 A. Since B. As C. Because D. If8 A. How B. When C. Why D. What9 A. young B. energetic C. strong D. necessary10 A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything11A. protecting B. preventing C. providing D. producing12A. noticed B. marked C. signed D. recorded13A. feelings B. pollution C. harm D. mistakes14A. repaired B. replied C. reached D. returned15A. weakness B. unhappiness C. smallness D. illness完形填空五My parents have always loved everything about India，so a year ago we went on holiday there. Its a wonderful 1 with beautiful scenes and interesting people. However，I didnt enjoy Indian 2very much.On the second day we planned to see an old palace. At the 3 they said，“ If you go by train，itll take you only two hours to get there.”However，the hot 4 took over four hours. I was very 5 when we got there， so we had some rice and vegetables with bread in a small restaurant. We were 6 to find it was quite nice. I wasnt full up though and I saw a man nearby eating some little meatballs.I said to my dad，“Ive been eating rice all week. Can I have some meatballs，please？”Well，they looked delicious so I ate the first one very 7 . I was just putting the second one in my mouth when I felt myself 8 my mouth was on fire！I started to cough（咳嗽）and there were tears（泪水） in my eyes. I couldnt 9 how spicy（辛辣的）it was！I drank about ten glasses of water but the worst thing was，everyone was laughing at me. You couldnt make me eat another Indian meatball for all the 10 in the world！1 A. town B. city C. country D. restaurant2 A. food B. scenes C. people D. costumes3 A. palace B. hotel C. airport D. entrance4 A. sail B. walk C. drive D. ride5 A. hungry B. curious C. cheerful D. nervous6 A. shocked B. surprised C. bored D. tired7 A. quietly B. easily C. quickly D. gently8 A. burning B. watering C. crying D. smiling9 A. feel B. believe C. think D. know10 A. diet B. luck C. time D. money 完形填空六Scientists study the world and learn about things using a process called the scientific method （方法）. By asking important questions and 1 the answers，it is possible to make amazing discoveries！ Sometimes a scientist is 2 to answer his own question，but if he has taken good notes another scientist may come along later who is able to use new knowledge to answer it.When you use the scientific method to 3 an experiment，you start by making observations（观察） about something that 4 you. Based on your observations， you make a hypothesis. This is using 5 you know to make a smart guess about what you think could happen. Then you are ready to begin your experiment. All 6your experiment you take down notes，which are 7 experiment data （资料）. You are constantly making observations during this time. You may make discoveries that cause you to improve your experiment as you go. 8 ，you conclude your experiment and begin to look over your notes to decide what it all means. Based on what you have learned，you make a final statement about 9 your hypothesis was correct or not. You have to have reasons and evidence to support what you are saying.Using the scientific method can be difficult，but rewarding. Because all the steps are organized in a process，the 10 are more valid（可信的）. When you provide observations as evidence to support what you are saying，your ideas are more likely to be accepted.1 A. waiting for B. searching for C. worrying about D. complaining about2 A. unable B. sure C. ready D. surprised3 A. read B. refuse C. prevent D. conduct4 A. hurts B. represents C. interests D. attacks 5 A. what B. when C. why D. which6 A. without B. including C. except D. during7 A. controlled B. arranged C. called D. carried8 A. Obviously B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Mostly9 A. whether B. what C. how D. when10A. problems B. results C. services D. aims完形填空七Sheila bought a new lunch bag for school.On the way to school，she looked inside. She hoped that a new lunch bag meant something new for lunch， 1 she found the same lunch as alwaysa sandwich.When the lunch bell rang，Sheila found her bag and carried it to the dining hall. She opened it and 2 two pieces of fried chicken，several strawberries，and an egg.Wow！Sheila said. Thats what I call 3 ！The next morning， Sheila opened her lunch bag and looked inside. Sure enough