高中英语阅读猜词技巧(精编版).ppt

StrategiesofGuessingWordsandExpressionsin,English,reading,英语阅读策略训练,英语阅读中的猜词策略,Guessinggame,Penguinpngwn,Thepenguinisakindofanimal,Thepenguinisakindofseabird,ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.,Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway,Mostkindsofcrabsliveinthewater.,crabkrb,Itisakindofanimal.,Ithasahardshell.,Ithaseightlegs.,Itisverydeliciousafterbeingcooked.,afatcatwhenpigsfly,肥猫,当猪在飞,Lucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.,Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase?,大款，大亨,Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.,Accordingtothepassage,“whenpigsfly”means_.,不可能,HeavyrainHeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker,令人悲痛的消息,暴雨,油腻的食物,粗陋的长相,睡觉沉的人,烟鬼,Ifyoumeetnewwordswhenreading,whatwillyoudo?,1.Paynoattentionandcontinuereading.,2.Lookthemupinthedictionary.,3.Guessthemeaning.,要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的短文以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出判断和推理；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,homework,hometown,homeless,homepage,homeland,homesick,I1.合成法(Compounding),I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,Farawayfromhome,forget-me-not_baby-sitter_out-of-datecomputer_outbreakofBirdFlu_,勿忘我,过时的电脑,禽流感爆发,Canyouguesstheirmeaning?,I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,看孩子的人,nonjudgmental:,没有判断力的,judge,judgment,judgmental,判断v.,判断n.,adj.,nonjudgmental:,2.派生法(Derivation)加前缀或后缀,I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Ifsomeathletesusedrugs,itisunfairtotheothers.,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。,dis+honest,speech+less,un+fair,I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,super-inter-mini-micro-someanti-co-post-pre-ship,在之间超易于的极小的反对后身份，资格微小一同，一起之前,表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-,prefix,decontroltransplantcounterattack,解除控制,移植,反击,suffix,-able（能的）-less（无，不）wards（向）-ship（身份；资格；性质）-some（易于的）hood（状态；性质；时期）-ish（如的；有点儿的）-proof(防的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最的）,waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless,supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建),Canyouguesstherightmeanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,Brunch_Smog_Chinglish_Smilence_,breakfast+lunch,smoke+fog,Chinese+English,smile+silence,I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,3.取头取尾(blending),早中饭,烟雾,中式英语,笑而不语,I.Makefulluseofthewordformation,TheGuardian(卫报)describedthesceneofafriendsfaceburiedinascreenasadistinctly21stcenturyproblem”.Anewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribethisphubbing.Itistheactoflookingatyourmobilephoneinsteadofpayingattentiontoothersduringasocialinteraction(互动交流).(2014成都二诊C篇),Whatdoestheword“phubbing”mean?,Phubbing低头族,Phubbing=phone+snub(冷落),2.派生法(Derivation)添加前缀prefix和后缀suffix),I.Usingwordformation利用构词法,3.去头去尾法(Blending),UsingWordFormation,1.合成法(Compounding),1.Hewould_thegoldfromhisgrandma.2.Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite_.,Howtoguessthemissingwords?,Harveyisathief:hewould_thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.,steal,Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeperson,Hobartisquite_.,ordinary-looking,plain/homely,.Usingcontextclues利用上下文语境,1.定义描述,3.因果关系,2.同义反义,4.举例归纳,5.生活常识,6.上下文推测,.Usingcontextclues利用上下文语境,UsingContextClues,Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,动物学家,牧羊人,1、定义描述,小结：通常由定语从句或同位语引出词的具体含义,zldst,2.同义词Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.,圆胖的,灌溉,一致同意的,junnms,反义词ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.,污秽的,天生的,混乱,由and或or，like,asas,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，incontrast,onthecontrary等。,小结,3、因果关系Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.,贫穷的,混浊的,独断专行的,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,sothat,suchthattherefore等)表示前因后果。,小结,4、举例归纳法Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,装置,常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。,小结,Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.,波纹,涟漪,颤抖,症状,5、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理,小结,根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。,6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义,例题：Tomcantfindhissneakers.C.shoes,Tomcantfindhiswhitesneakers,Tomcantplaytennisnowbecausehecantfindhiswhitesneakers.,A.money,B.bowls,小结,所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。,高考实战演练,Areyouready?,1.Chickenbecomesrottenveryquickly.Thatistosay,itcangobadinarefrigeratorifitisleftthereformorethanaweek.Ifyouhaveanydoubtthatthemeatisbad,donteatit.Insteadinspectitverycarefully:Checkthesmell,howitlooksandfeels.,1.“rotten”means_.A.badB.goodC.delicio