Register-Theory 语域理论.ppt

RegisterTheory,语域理论是系统功能语法的重要理论之一，源于“英国的语境主义”；Register这个概念最初是由Raid在1956年研究双语现象时提出来的；英籍波兰人人类学家Malinowski在20世纪提出了两个重要的概念：“情景语境”（contextofsituation)和文化语境（contextofculture);Firth将语境概念发展为“语义存在于语境”的理论；20世纪60年代，Halliday继承并发展了Firth的理论。,definitionofregisterLanguagevariesaccordingtothesituationinwhichitisused,andthesevarietiesoflanguagecanbereferredasregisters.Halliday(1964)definesregisterintermsoffield,tenorandmode.,3,4,field(场境）,TheFIELDreferstothesubjectmatterorcontentbeingdiscussed.Thefieldincludes:thetopic;theinteractants.Thetopicofdiscoursecanbe:specialised/technical(e.g.talkingabouttheenvironmentetc.)everyday(eg.talkingaboutshoppingetc.)Theinteractantsmayhave:specialisedknowledgeofthefield(e.g.ascientistwritingforanarticleforanacademicjournal);commonknowlegeoffthefield(e.g.thereadersofanewspaperarticle).,5,Field,Canalsodeterminesyntaxcertaingrammaticalconstructionsmaybefavoured,ordisfavouredSomeconstructionsmaydeviatefromthe“norm”,Thenetecosystemexchangeofcarbondioxidewasmeansuredbyaddcovarianmethodsfor3yearsintwogrowthforestsitesnearSantarem,Brazil.Carbonwaslostinthewetseasonandgainedinthedryseason,whichwasoppositetotheseasonalcyclesofbothtreegrowthmodelpredictions.The3-yearaveragecarbonlosswas1.3(confidenceinterval:0.0to2.0)megagramsofcarbonperhectareperyear.(ScienceMagazine28.11.2003)Failuretotakeactiontocombatclimatechangewillcauseenvironmentalcatastropheandcosttheglobaleconomy$20trillionayearbytheendofthecentury,thepressuregroupFriendsoftheEarthsaystoday.Inareportbasedonresearchfrommorethan100scientificandeconomicpapers,thegroupsaysallowingglobalwarmingtocontinueuncheckedwillmeanateperaturerise4Cby2100,causingeconomicdamageworthupto8%ofglpbalGDP.(TheGuardian13.10.2006),7,Mode(语式）,TheMODEreferstothechannelofthecommunicationlanguagecanbe:written;spoken;writtentobespoken(e.g.apoliticalspeech).Languagecanbe:spontaneous(e.g.conversation);planned(e.g.acompositionorarticle).conversationisspotaneous,interactiveandoftenaccompaniesactions.Thelanguageofconversationischaracterizedby:hesitation,interruptions;interrogativesandimperatives;ellipsis，etc.,A:whatareyoudoingthissummer?Areyougoingtobeach?Areyougoingtothemountains?Or.?B:Possibly,yeah.Iwanttodosometraveling.Um,ImaygouptoSwitzerlandandvisitafriend-checkoutthemountainsthere.A.WowFormality/informalityV.Written/spokeneg.formalspokenlanguageIsee.um.good.Mr.Thompson.itwasverypleasantinterviewingyouandwellletyouknowofdecision.Ithinkwecanwindupnow.wellletyouknowofourdecisionassoonasIvedecidedthematterstogetherwiththecommittee.Youllbehearingfromus.(rmalwrittenlanguageTakealonglookatthereamazingcreatures-becauseitcouldbeyourlastchance.forashockingnewreportcarriedoutbyexpertsfromaroudtheglobehasfoundthatupto60,000speciearebecomingextinctEVERYYEAR.,9,Tenor(交际者）,TheTENORreferstothetypeofroleinteraction,thesetofrelevantsocialrelations,permanentandtemporary,amongtheparticipantsinvolved.therelationshipsbetweentheinteractansvariesaccordingto:status;affectiveinvolvement;contact,weareverypleasedtohearthatyouhavebeenappointedtorepresentCerclesatthe7thELPSeminarinVilnius,lithuania.Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldletmehaveyourfullpostaladdresssothatwecansendyouasignedinvitation.Inthemeantime,pleasefindattactedthedraftprogrammeandotherdocumentsconcerningtheseminal.HIIIIII!thankssooomuchforsponsoringme.imveryverygrateful.howarethings?soyoucanprobablytellfromthelatereplyofthisemailthatihaventreallygotmyselforganised,thoughihavejustsendoffmyaccommodationapplicationformforsouthampton.uni.oooexciting,11,Field,RelatestothesubjectmatterwhatyouaretalkingaboutdeterminesvocabularyinparticularSpecialisedmeaningsofwords,especiallyifatechnicalfield(maybenarrowerorbroaderthanthewordsmeaninginanotherfield)PreferredinterpretationsofambiguouswordsWordsthatarenotusedoutsidethefield,12,Moderelatesto,LexisandgrammarTherearethingsthatyousaybutyouwouldntwritedownandviceversaPhonologyEuphony(pleasantsound),alliterationareaspectsofmodeWrittenrepresentationofdialect,13,Tenordetermines,VocabularyChoiceofsynonymsaccordingtolevelofformalityPrivateslang,“local”clichs,colloquialismsSyntax/orthographyUseofcontractions,ellipsesCertainconstructionsmaybemoreorlessformalPhonologyAccentPragmaticsPrecisionmoreorlesstoleratedUseofpronounsanddeicticreferenceParalinguisticfeaturesIntonationPitchandvolume,14,FormalityScale,Quirketal.(1965)suggestascaleof“Attitudes”(tenor):V