高英课Marrakech分析PPT课件

.,1,Unit2Marrakech,ByGeorgeOrwell,.,2,ObjectivesofLessonTwo,TofamiliarizestudentswiththebackgroundknowledgeofGeorgeOrwell,Morocco,Frenchcolonies,Marrakech;JewsTolearnexpositorywriting;Toanalyzethethemeandthewritersopinionofcolonialism.,.,3,GeorgeOrwell,.,4,GeorgeOrwell(penname)EricArthurBlair(19031950)Britishnovelistandessayist,borninIndia.Orwellwasfamousforhispoliticalsatires.Hewasanuncompromisingindividualistandpoliticalidealist.,.,5,Orwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice,oppression,andthepoweroftotalitarianregimesOrwellisfamousforhisterselucidprosestyleandgoodattheappropriateuseofsimplebutforcefulwordstodescribeobjectivelythescenesbeforehiseyes.,.,6,Hisworks:AnimalFarm(1945)DownandOutinParisandLondonBurmeseDaysComingupforAirAClergymansDaughterKeeptheAspidistraFlying,.,7,Hiswell-knownessays:ShootinganelephantAHangingMarrakechPoliticsandtheEnglishLanguage,.,8,OrwellsRulesforwriters,Neverusemetaphor,simile,orotherfigureofspeechwhichyouareusedtoseeinginprint.Neverusealongwordwhereashortonewilldo.Ifitispossibletocutawordout,alwayscutitout.Neverusethepassivevoicewhereyoucanusetheactive.Neveruseaforeignphrase,ascientificword,orajargonwordifyoucanthinkofaneverydayEnglishequivalent.Breakanyoftheserulessoonerthansayanythingoutrightbarbarous.,.,9,Morocco,Location:InNorthAfrica,ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean,MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Capital:RabatPopulation:about18,000.000Briefhistory:Morocoowasinhabitedin,.,10,thestoneagebycavedwellers;about2000B.C.itwassettledbyBerbertribes,whohadformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince;TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury,bringingwithIslam;fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence.,.,11,Butin1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones.Moroccogainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.mostofthepeopleofMoroccoareMuslims,IslamisthestatereligionandArabicistheofficiallanguage,butFrenchandSpanisharealsospoken.,.,12,MarrakechinMorocco,.,13,Location:InwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas.130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.ItistheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.ItwascapturedbytheFrenchin1912.ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco.,.,14,.IntroductiontothePassage,1.Typeofliterature:-apieceofexposition2.Thepurposeofapieceofexposition:-toinformorexplain3.Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:-comparison-contrast-analogy-identification-illustration-analysis,definition,etc.,.,15,DetailedAnalysisoftheText,1)Whichsentenceexpressesthethemeofthetext?(or:Whichisthethesisstatement?)Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact(para.3)2)Whatisthethemeofthetext?Theauthordenouncestheevilsofcolonialism.Hemercilesslyexposespoverty,miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies.Thesepeoplearenotconsiderednoraretheytreatedashumanbeings.,.,16,.DetailedStudyoftheText,organizationofthetextmainideaofeachpartquestionstodiscussKeywords,phrasesanddifficultsentences,.,17,Organizationofthetext:Questionstodiscuss:1.Inordertoshowthepovertyofthecityandexposetheevilsofcolonialism,thewriterchoosessometypicalscenesandpictures.Whatarethey?2.Itseemsthatthisessayconsistsofseveralseparativepictures,thenwhatgivestheessaycoherence?,.,18,.,19,SixScenestoexposetheevilsofcolonialism,Scene1:Theburialofthepoorinhabitants(para1-3)Theidea:Lifeischeap.Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials.Scene2:Thebeggingofbreadofanemployee(para4-7)Theidea:Lifeispoor.Peoplecantaffordproperfood.Scene3:LivingconditionoftheJews(para8-15)Theidea:Jewsliveingreatpovertyandunderprejudice.Scene4:Cultivationofsoil(para16-18)Theidea:Hardwayofmakingaliving.Scene5:Lifeofwomen(para19-21)Theidea:Miserablelifeofoldwomen,nobetterthanadonkeyScene6:thesoldiers(para22-26)Theidea:Thenegroesattitudetowardsthewhites,.,20,Whydidthewriterchoosethesescenes?Whatdoyouthinktheyrepresent?Doyouthinkthesescenesareeffectivetoachievethewriterspurpose?,.,21,Scene1:Theburialofthepoorinhabitants(para1-3)Lifeischeap.Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials.,WordsandExpressionswail:tocryoutinmourningorlamentation悲伤地哭号Thewindwailedthroughthetreeschant:asimpleliturgicalsonginwhichastringofsyllablesorwordsissungtoeachtonebier:aplatformorportableframeworkonwhichacoffinorcorpseisplacedhack:tobreakup(land)withahoe,mattock,etc.oblong:adj.longerthanbroad;elongatedhummocky:adj.fulloforlookinglikelow,roundedhills布满小丘的derelict:adj.desertedbytheowner;abandoned;forsakenpricklypear:anyofagenusofcactusplanshavingcylindricalorlarge,flat,ovalstemjointsandediblefruits仙人掌(属),.,22,Paragraphingranwiththehead,.,25,navvy:(BrE)anunskilledlaborer,andoncanals,roadssidle:tomovesideways,esp.inashy,fearfulorstealthilymannerstow:topackorstoreaway,esp.topackinanorderly,compactmannermunicipality:acity,town,etc.havingitsownincorporatedgovernment自治市,.,26,Paragraphingcluster:togatherorgrowinaclusterorclustersskull-cap:n.alight,closefitting,brimlesscap,usuallywornindoors.infest:tooverrunorinhabitinlargenumbers,usu.soastobeharmfulorbothersome;swarminorover.Fly-infestedwarp:tobecomebentortwistedoutofshapefrenzied:adj.fullofuncontrolledexcitementclamour:v.n.(to)makealoudconfusednoiseorshout;cryoutself-contained:adj.havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary;self-sufficient,asacommunity,.,29,Impossible-hardtodealwith,sth.Thatcannothappene.g.Itwasnotanimpossiblescheme.Hisbadtempermakeslifeimpossibleforallthefamily.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith.Inflationisanimpossibleproblem.Gropetofeelorsearchaboutblindlye.g.Inthedarkness,Igropedforthedoorhandle.ThroughouttheagesmenhavegropedafterthemeaningoftheUniverseandtheirownroleinit.Thelecturerpaused,gropingforthemosteffectivewordtoexpresshismeaning.Theyhadtogropetheirwaythroughamistthatwasrapidlyturningintoathickfog.,.,30,Paragraphingextortwringmoneyfromsb.勒索某人back-breaking:requiringgreatphysicalexertion;verytiring;nerve-rackingdesolate:adj.uninhabited;deserted,forlorn,.,34,ParagraphingnoramIoneofyourHollywood-movieectoplasms.Iamamanofsubstance,offleshandbone,fiberandliquidsandImightevenbesaidtopossessamind.Iaminvisible,understand,simplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme.Likethebodilessheadsyouseesometimesincircussideshows,itisasthoughIhavebeensurroundedbymirrorsofhard,distortingglass.Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundings,themselves,orfragmentsoftheirimagination-indeed,everythingandanythingexceptme.(Prologue),.,36,Sentencestoshowthehardwork,(para17)therealityoflifeisanendlessback-breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.(para18)MostMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit.Hugeareaswhichwereoncecoveredwithforesthaveturnedintoatreelesswastewherethesoilisexactlylikebroken-upbrick.Neverthelessagooddealofitiscultivated,withfrightfullabor.(para18)Longlinesofwomen,bentdoublelikeinvertedcapitalLs,worktheirwayslowlyacrossthefields,tearingupthepricklyweedswiththeirhands.,.,37,Scene5:Lifeofwomen(para19-21)Miserablesituationofoldwomen,nobetterthanadonkey,WordsandExpressionsfile:alineofpersonsorthingssituatedonebehindanother纵队mummify:v.todryup(becomeamummy)register:v.record记录,登记toregisterthebirthofababy/toregisterthenamesofabsentstudentsThecourtstenographerregisteredthetrialproceedings.damnably:adv.Inadamnablemannertobedamnablytreated遭到虐待packsaddle:asaddledesignedtosupporttheloadcarriedbyapackanimal驮鞍,.,38,bridle:n.aheadharnessforguidingahorse;itconsistsofstall,bitandreinshalter:n.arope,cord,strap,etc.usuallywithaaheadstall,fortryingorleadingananimal,withorwithoutarope（缰绳）（马）笼头gut:（usu.Pl.)thebowels;entrails内脏havethegutstodosth.有胆量做某事plight：n.conditionorstateofaffairs;esp.now,anawkward,sad,ordangeroussituationtip:v.ttopoursth.fromoneplaceorcontainerintoanotherShetippedtheflourintoabowl,.,39,Thecomparisonoffatebetweenthedonkeyandthewomen,DonkeyWomennobiggerthanaSt.Bernarddogtiny,mummifiedOverloaded,workingforweeksvastofloadofwoodAwillingcreatureacceptedstatusasabeastofburdenWhendead,tippedintoaburiedsimply,dumpedintoaditch,throwntodogshole,noname,nograveyardPeoplefeelenragedatnobodyfeelssympatheticforthem,unnoticedBydescribingthefateofdonkeytheauthorspurposeistoarousethesympathyandangerofthereadersfor“people”,Peoplearealsocruellytreatedbuttheyarenotnoticed,simplyinvisible,.,40,Paragraphingglum揾怒的，闷闷不乐的syphilis:n.aninfectiousvenerealdisease,causedbyaspirocheteandusu.transmittedbysexualintercourseoracquiredcongenitally梅毒charger:n.ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade战马，军马garrison:n.troopsstationedinafortorfortifiedplace驻军reverence:n.feelingorattitudeofdeeprespect,loveandawe,asforsth.sacred;glitter:v.toshinewithasparklinglight;glisten;sparkle;bebright,.,44,Squashvt.压坏,捏坏，e.g.Shesatonhishatandsquashedit.Hesquashedtheinsectwithhisfinger.Thispackagewassquashedinthemail.Squashvi.e.g.Softfruitssquasheasily.(aglassoforangesquash)Thishatsquasheseasily.Squashvi.vt(使劲)挤e.g.Shesquashedintothecrowdedtrain.Dontalltrytosquashintothelifttogether.Hesquashedhisclothesintoabox.Squashvt.(使不说话/谈)e.g.WhenItriedtospeak,hesquashedme.Heistryingtosquashthestoryofthedefeat.,.,45,Slumpvi.沉重地倒下践踏e.g.Heslumpedinhischairasleep.Tiredfromhiswalk,heslumpedintoachair.Theboysfeetslumpedrepeatedlythroughthecorridor.Slumpvi.(质量,价格等)下降,(买卖)清淡起来e.g.Herworkslumpedbecauseofpersonalproblems.Thecompanyssharesslumpedlastmonth.Businesshasslumped.Slumpn.e.g.Theeconomywentintoasevereslump.Whenthereisaslumpinacountryitisdifficulttodotrade,andmanypeopleareoutofwork.Therewasaseriousslumpinthe1930s.,.,46,Paragraphing&Interpreting,Inthispart,theauthorshowsthementalityofthecolonizedbydescribingtheboyslook.(para23)Theirsplendidbodiescuriouslysensitiveblackfaceswereglisteningwithsweat.TheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingready-madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifullywell-builtbodies.Theirfeetweresqueezedintobootswhatweretoosmallandwereflatandsquarelikeblocksofwoodandtheirheadswerealsosqueezedintotinytinhatswhichseemedtobealittletoosmallforthem.Thewordssplendidandsensitiveshowtheauthorspositiveattitudetowardsthem.Thisparagraphrevealsthepoorconditionsofthesoldiers.,.,47,(para24)Itwastheshy,wide-eyedNegrolook,whichactuallyisalookofprofoundrespect.wide-eyes:withtheeyesopenedwidely,asbecauseofsurprise,fear,lackofsophistication.TheNegrogenerallylooksatthewhitemasterswithhiseyesopenedwidelyshowingbashfulness,fear,uneasiness,etc.itisadocile,subservientlook.(para24)Thiswretchedboy,whoisaFrenchcitizenandhasthereforebeendraggedfromtheforesttoscrubfloorsandcatchsyphilisingarrisontownsThismiserableblackboyis,asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry,aFrenchcitizen.Thereforehehasbeenconscribedandforcedtoleavehishomeintheforesttocometoagarrisontownwherehewillcatchsyphilis.,.,48,(para25)Inthisconnectionitdoesntmattertwopenceifhecallshimselfasocialist.itdoesntmattertwopence:itdoesnotmatteratall.Everywhiteman,eventhosewhocallthemselvessocialistscanthelpbutthinkthisthoughtwhenheseesablackarmymarchingpast.(para26)Andreallyitwaslikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn,likescrapsofpaper.Watchingtheone-or-twomileslongcolumnofsoldiersmarchingpeacefully.Uptheroadwasjustlikewatchingaflockofcattle.Cattledontthink,dontaskquestions,butfollowtheirmastersblindly.Theseblacksoldierswerejustlikecattle.Comment:Soldiersaretoservethegovernment.TheSenegalesesoldiersaresupportingthecolonialmasterswhoarecruellyexploitingthecountry.Itsoundsironical.Yettheyoungman,insteadofhatingthewhitemen,actuallyholdsadeeprespectforthem.Thewholesituationgivesadepressingfutureofthecountry.,.,49,Summary,Thetextisapieceofobjectiveexpositionofthepoverty,miseryanddegradationoftheinhabitantsinMarrakech.Theordinarylocalfuneral,whichtreatsthedeadasanimals,ismerelyoneepisodeofthemiserablelivesofnativepeople.However,thisfactisthebasisuponwhichalltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempires.Theauthorillustratesthefollowingfactstoshowtheplightoftheinhabitants.AnArabnavvy,anemployeeofthemunicipality,begsforapieceofbreadwhichisformerlythefoodofthegazelles.IntheunsanitaryghettoeswhicharecrowdedwithJews,peopleoverworkinawretchedsituation,buttheycannotpossiblyaffordapieceofcigarette.Thebrownlaborersworkinginthebarrenfieldsinabackwardwayarepartlyinvisibletothewhitecolonistswhoareinsensi-tivetothesufferingallaroundthem.Theoldwomencarryingfireworkaremoreinvisiblefortheirskinnyanddistortedfigures.Ironically,oblivioustothemiseriesofthehumanbeings,thewhiteexpressmoresympathytothedamnablefateofthedonkeys.However,thecolonized,suchasoneoftheSenagalesesoldiers,bearblinddeeprespectforthewhitemasters.Thisprovokesthewhi