英语国家概况

APEC The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经贸合作组织CNN Cable News Network 美国有线电视新闻网络EEC the European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体CIA the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局IDD international direct dial 国际直拨长途电话 SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 战略武器限制谈判SAT Scholastic Aptitude Test 学习能力倾向测试OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织FBI the Federal Bureau of Investigation 美国联邦调查局VOA Voice of America 美国之音 CALTECH California Technology Institute 加利福尼亚理工学院MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology 麻省理工学院ABS the American Broadcasting System 美国广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System 哥伦比亚广播公司NBS National Broadcasting System 国家广播公司ANZAC Australian-New Zealand Army Corps 澳新军团MMP Mixed-Member Proportional system 混合比例代表制简答题（8选5）1. Why did America change its policy and enter World War ?The Americas sit-on-the-fence policy changed in 1940. The American government feared that the Axis countries were winning the war, which might threaten Americas security and interests. The Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor became the direct cause for Americas entrance into World War .2. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. Constitution?One is “checks and balances”. The other is that the powers of the federal government and of the state government are specified in the Constitution.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the federal government has realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic development, but also enhance its domestic stability and its relationship with other nations.4. How does an American university choose its applicants?American universities choose applicants on the basis of: a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university; d) their scores on the SAT.5. What was the aim of the economic reforms which took place between 1983 and 1996?The aim was to make market forces play a greater role in shaping a healthy national economy so that the Australian industries would improve their efficiency and competitiveness.6. What is the three-tier system of the Australian government?The three-tier system of the Australian government includes: the federal government at the national level, governments at the state and territory level, and local governments at the city, town, municipal and shire level.7. Why did America suspend the ANZUS security guarantees to New Zealand in 1986?New Zealand declared its anti-nuclear policy and became a nuclear-free zone in the mid-1980s. It prohibited the American nuclear-powered ships were prohibited from coming into its territorial waters. As a result, America suspended the ANZUS security guarantees to New Zealand in 1986.8. Since the 1980s, what did the New Zealand government do to change its heavy reliance on international trade? What are the results?Since the 1980s, the New Zealand government launched a series of far-reaching economic restructuring reforms, changing the country from an agriculturally-based economy toward a more industrialized, free-market economy. This regulation has greatly diversified the countrys economy and helped develop other industries, such as the manufacturing and service sectors.论述题（4选2）1. Please name 2 or 3 countries of multicultural society. If you get to these countries at first, what do you think is the best way to adapt or assimilate yourself to such situation as “melting pot” or “salad”?America、Canada、Australia. The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, custom and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.2. How is the American President voted into office ? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.3. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system? Based on these ideals, please put forward some suggestions on our course - A Survey of English Speaking Countries.The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. The second ideal is producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known.4. What are the main features of Australian higher education? What are your ideas about Chinese higher education?Higher education in Australia is provided through universities, vocational training institutions, and adult and community educational institutions. The standard, design and diversit