第7-8讲 虚拟语气ppt课件

Lecture7：VerbSubjunctiveMood,1,Mood(式/语气),陈述式（IndicativeMood）祈使式（ImperativeMood）虚拟式（SubjunctiveMood）,2,虚拟语气：“虚拟”：字面意义：“虚拟的，不真实的，和事实相反的”虚拟语气的用法主要体现在if引导的非真实条件句中还用于表达“命令、建议”或“委婉”等语气,3,虚拟语气的产生：用动词偏离常规的形式表示语气：正常情形下：Heisintheclassroom.IfIamrich,Iwillnotworkatall.虚拟语气如：Ifhewereintheclassroom,IfIwererich,Iwouldnotworkatall.,（缺乏主谓一致）,（过去时表示现在的状态）,（主谓一致）,（现在时表现在的状态）,4,触发语：虚拟语气的使用一定有触发因素，即触发语，触发语创设情形，促使动词形式发生变化。Itistimethatwehadarest.,触发语,5,Be-型虚拟式（be/do/shoulddo）Were-型虚拟式（were/did,haddone）,虚拟语气的类型：,6,Be-型虚拟式（be/do/shoulddo）,表“命令、建议、决定”表“担心、目的”的五类从句程式化表达中,7,1.表达“命令、建议、决定”,触发语：动词：demand,insist,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,名词：demand,order,proposal,recommendation,request,形容词：advisable,appropriate,essential,imperative,possible,necessary,obligatory,important,proper,8,Thekingorderedthatthemanbereleased.Thekinggaveanorderthatthemanbereleased.Thekingsorderwasthatthemanbereleased.Itisimperativethatthemanbereleased.Thekingthoughtitimperativethatthemanbereleased.,9,2.表达“担心、目的”的五类从句,lest唯恐forfearthat担心incase万一sothat为了（sothat表示结果不用虚拟式）inorderthat为了,10,Lest,forfearthat,incaseHetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitrain.Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentsforfearthattheyfallintotheenemyshands.Iwillkeepaseatforyouincaseyouchangeyourmind.,11,sothat,inorderthatHeworeamaskinorderthat/sothatnoonerecognizehim.为了不让人们认出他来，他戴了个面具。对比：Heworeamasksothatnoonerecognizedhim.他戴了个面具，结果谁都没认出他来。,12,3.程式化表达中(formulaicsubjunctive),1）口号、祝福语中Godblessyou!GodsavetheQueen!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,13,2）从句中：Homeishome,beiteversohomely.(whetheritishomelyornot)Beherichorpoor,Illmarryhimallthesame.(whetherheisrichorpoor),14,小结：be-型虚拟式（do/shoulddo）,正常情形：现在时要体现主谓的一致性，即主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词用does型，主语是第一、第二或复数，用do型。偏离形式：用do或者shoulddo，被动态用bedone或者shouldbedone。提醒：考试常考主语是单数第三人称的情形,15,Exercises:,1.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent_aplanforthevacation.a.madeb.makec.makesd.willmake2.Itisimperativethatyou_thereinperson.a.areb.werec.bed.willbe,b,c,16,Exercises:,3.Itisrequiredthatthemachine_asfrequentlyasnecessary.a.beoiledb.mustbeoiledc.isoiledd.willoil4.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit_ontheway.a.goeswrongb.gowrongc.wentwrongd.wouldgowrong,a,b,17,Exercises:,5.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe_topasstheexam.a.failsb.mayfailc.shouldfaild.wouldfail6.Thebusinessofeachday,_sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.a.itbeingb.beitc.wasitd.itwas,c,b,18,Exercises:,7.Allsciencestudents,_,shouldhaveagoodfoundationinbasicsciences.a.whethertheyarefuturephysicistsandchemistb.theyarefuturephysicistsorchemistsc.theyshouldbefuturephysicistsofchemistsd.betheyfuturephysicistsorchemists,d,19,Practice:Rewritethefollowing,usingbe-subjunctive,1.Sheinsistsonhistakinghisvacationnow.2.Itwasnecessaryforhimtoleaveimmediately.3.Ihadrecommendedhimtobeplacedinamoreresponsibleposition.4.Ithinkitadvisableforasecretarytobeappointedatonce.5.Mayourgreatmotherlandlivelong!6.IpreferMarytotypetheletters.,20,Practice:Rewritethefollowing,usingbe-subjunctive,1.Sheinsistsonhistakinghisvacationnow.Sheinsiststhathetakehisvacationnow.2.Itwasnecessaryforhimtoleaveimmediately.Itwasnecessarythatheleaveimmediately.3.Ihadrecommendedhimtobeplacedinamoreresponsibleposition.Ihadrecommendedthathebeplacedinamoreresponsibleposition.,21,Practice:Rewritethefollowing,usingbe-subjunctive,4.Ithinkitadvisableforasecretarytobeappointedatonce.Ithinkitadvisablethatasecretarybeappointedatonce.5.Mayourgreatmotherlandlivelong!Longliveourgreatmotherland!6.IpreferMarytotypetheletters.IpreferthatMarytypetheletters.,22,虚拟语气：七大触发语,Be-型（be/do/shoulddo）Were-型（were/did,haddone）,23,Were-型虚拟式（were/did,haddone）过去的过去过去现在将来正常形式：偏离形式：,do/does,willdo,did,haddone,haddone,haddone,did,woulddo,back-shifting(时态向前推),24,Were-型虚拟式（were/did,haddone）,表“非真实条件句”表“愿望”表“好像”表“时间”,25,4.非真实条件句（if引导的从句）,Ifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetingwillbecanceled.Ifitrainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbecanceled.,非真实条件句,真实条件句,26,4.1非真实条件句之主从句,If-clause,Mainclause(主句),Present,Past,Future,haddone,should/could/would/mighthavedone,did(were),should/could/would/mightdo,didshould+dowereto,27,1.Ifit(be)notforthesun,theplants(notlive).2.IfI(notsee)itwithmyowneyes,I(notbelieve)it.3.Ifit(notbe)foryourhelp,he(notsucceed).,were,wouldnotlive,hadnotseen,wouldnothavebelieved,hadnotbeen,wouldnothavesucceeded,Forexample:,28,Ifitwerenotforthesun,theplantswouldnotlive.IfIhadnotseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldnothavebelievedit.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,hewouldnothavesucceeded.Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.Whatwouldyoudoifwarweretobreakout?,29,Sometimes,ifcanbeomitted,andtheinversionoccurs:“were,had,should”areattheinitial.IfIwererich,Iwouldnotworkatall.WereIrich,Iwouldnotworkatall.,4.2非真实条件句之从句倒装,30,Ifwehadmadeadequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.Hadwemadeadequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.,31,4.3非真实条件句之主从句时间不一致,Ifwehadntbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldnotbegoingsosmoothlytoday.Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.,32,4.4非真实条件句之隐含条件,Withoutmusic,theworldwouldbeadullplace.Iftherewerenomusic,33,Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Butforthestorm,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.(=Iftherehadnotbeenthestorm)Iwasbusythatday;otherwiseIwouldhaveattendedthelecture.(=ifIhadnotbeenbusythatday)Ishouldhavebeenbadlyoffwithoutyourfriendship.Giventheopportunity,hemighthavebecomeanoutstandingone.,34,5.表达“愿望”,三类触发语：wish（希望）wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon（宁愿）wouldthat/ifonly（但愿/要是.就好了）,35,5.1wish,IwishIweretenyearsyounger.Iwishhehadnotcommittedthecrime.Iwishyouwouldshutup.,36,5.1wish,wish后面的宾语从句表示非真实意义，用虚拟式：haddone（过去）did(were)（现在）woulddo（将来）,37,5.2“宁愿”,Idratheryouhadnotdonethat.Idsooneryoucametomorrow.Shewillgethomeatdinnertime,butIwouldrathershegothomealittleearlier.,38,5.2“宁愿”,wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon后面的宾语从句表示非真实意义，用虚拟式：haddone（过去）did(were)（现在、将来）,39,5.3但愿/要是就好了,WouldthatJuliethadseenRomeobeforeshedied.IfonlyIhadmoretimetothinkaboutit.,40,5.3但愿/要是就好了,Wouldthat/ifonly后面的宾语从句表示非真实意义，用虚拟式：haddone（过去）did(were)（现在、将来）,41,6.表示“好像”asif/asthough,asif/asthough作为触发