高考情态动词用法总结

1,RevisionforModalVerbs,2,ThebasicusesofModalVerbs,3,1.Can,Could过去式；语气更委婉,Can表示习惯能力，而beableto表示经过那里而做成了某事。2.在否定结构中，二者可以互换。,1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为的可能性猜测。2.在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做”,Thedoorwaslacked.Shecouldnthavebeenathome.Youcouldhavebeenmorecareful.,4,1.May,Might过去式；语气更委婉,1.在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测“也许是”2.Might+have+p.p表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。”,Eg.1.Shemaybestillwaitingforus.2.MayIcomein?3.Mayyouhaveahappyholiday.,Eg.1.Hemighthavespokentoheryesterday.2.Youmighthavetoldmeearlier.,5,1.Must,表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，而mustnt表示“禁止、不准”,Must表示主观Haveto表示客观需求Havegotto多见于口语,3.must+have+p.p,对过去事情的肯定猜测。,Eg.Theroadidwet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.,6,1、Shall/should,2、shall/should+have+p.poughtto,表示本应该做而未做。,should过去式语气更委婉,Eg.Youshouldhavebeenfiveminutesago.,7,Will/would,1、Would后只能接表示动作的动词。,2、usedto则还可以接表示状态的动词。Eg.Heusedtobeaworker.,8,1、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。eg.1.Dareyougoherealone?2.Howdareyoudosuchfollishthings?3.Iwontallowyoutoswimintheriver,evenifyoudaredoit.,Dare/dared,2、做实意动词后加不定式。eg.Ihaveneverdaredtotellhimaboutit.,9,Need/needed,1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。,2、实意动词用法似dare,用作不定式。,3、need+not+have+p.p表示“本来不需要做而做了。,10,Oughtto,1、其否定式为oughtnotto,2、oughtto+have+p.p表示本来应该做而没有做到。,Eg.Yououghtnottohavecutawaythetreesaroundtheoldbuilding.,11,三点说明,1、情态动词+v表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。情态动词+have+p.p表示对过去动作的猜测。,2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧，语气更为委婉。,情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：Canyousing?MayIcomein?MustIhandinthebooknow?NeedIfinishitnow?,12,典型错误,1.Hemustntbeintheclassroom.(),Cant,2.Youmightleavethebagonthebag.(),mighthaveleft,3.Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,havetyou?(),didntyou,4.LimingmusthavebeentoJapan,didnthe?(),hasnthe,几组与情态动词有关的句型结构1canthelpdoingsth情不自禁地做某事2cannothelptodosth不能帮忙做某事3doeverything/allonecantodosth尽其所能去做某事，尽力做某事注意：类似的表达还有sbdowhatonecantodosth；do/tryonesbesttodosth。4might/mayaswell最好，还是为好。5cannot/nevertoo形容词/副词再也不为过，越越好。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were),主语+should,would,might,could动词原形,If+主语+had+过去分词,主语should,would,might,couldhavedone,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,主语should,wouldmight,could动词原形,省略句在条件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式,IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.,二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用,（1）用于宾语从句,、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could动词原形,Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.,2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.,注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.,Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.,他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,1.Itis(high/about)timethat从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略,三、虚拟语气在其他从句中,Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.,2.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!,3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时,Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.Iwouldratheryou