2013届高考英语语法知识情态动词和虚拟语气复习

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/142013届高考英语语法知识情态动词和虚拟语气复习（原创精品）2013年普通高考英语科语法知识网络专题08情态动词和虚拟语气I情态动词基本用法情态动词用法否定式疑问式简答式CAN能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）CANNOT/CANNOT/CANTDOCANDOYES,CANNO,CANTCOULDCOULDNTDOMAY可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/14祝愿（用于倒装句中）MAYNOTDOMAYDOYES,MAYNO,MUSTNT/CANTMIGHTMIGHTNOTDOMIGHTDOYES,MIGHTNO,MIGHTNOTMUST必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）MUSTNOT/MUSTNTDOMUSTDOTOYES,MUSTNO,NEEDNT/DONTHAVEHAVETO只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）DONTHAVETODODOHAVETODO精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/14YES,DONO,DONTOUGHTTO应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用SHOULD）OUGHTNOTTO/OUGHTNTTODOOUGHTTODOYES,OUGHTNO,OUGHTNTSHALL用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等SHALLNOT/SHANTDOSHALLDOYES,SHALLNO,SHANTSHOULD应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）SHOULDNOT/SHOULDNTDOSHOULDDOWILL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/14意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中WOULD比较委婉WILLNOT/WONTDOWILL/WOULDDOYES,WILLNO,WONTWOULDWOULDNOT/WOULDNTDODARE敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）DARENOT/DARENTDODAREDOYES,DARENO,DARENTNEED需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）NEEDNOT/NEEDNTDONEEDDOYES,MUSTNO,NEEDNTUSEDTO过去常常（现在已不再）USEDNOT/USEDNT/USENTTODO精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/14DIDNTUSETODOUSEDTODODIDUSETODOYES,USEDNO,USEDNTYES,DIDNO,DIDNTII情态动词的重点知识表示“能力、许可”的CAN和MAY表示能力的情态动词用CAN/COULDACOMPUTER_THINKFORITSELFITMUSTBETOLDWHATTODOACANTBMUSTNTCMAYNOTDMIGHTNOT表示许可时用MAY/MIGHT,CAN/COULD都可以，但在问句中用COULD或MIGHT以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用CAN或MAY，以使回答口气明确（MUST表示一定，必须，MUSTNT表示禁止，不许可）。COULDICALLYOUBYYOURFIRSTNAMEYES,YOU_AWILLBCOULDCMAYDMIGHTJOHNNY,YOU_PLAYWITHTHEKNIFE,YOU_HURTYOURSELFAWONT/CANTBMUSTNT/MAYCSHOULDNT/MUSTDCANT/SHOULDNT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/14在肯定句中COULD不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用WAS/WEREABLETO。THEFIRESPREADTHROUGHTHEHOTELVERYQUICKLYBUTEVERYONE_GETOUTAHADTOBWOULDCCOULDDWASABLETO表示“推断、判断”的CANMAY,MUST在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上MUST语气最肯定,MAY表示的是事实上的可能性。PETER_COMEWITHUSTONIGHT,BUTHEISNTVERYSUREYETAMUSTBMAYCCANDWILL而CAN表示的是逻辑上的可能性MARYISINPOORHEALTHSHECANBEILLATANYTIMES在否定句中只能用CAN和MAY。所以CANT时用以代替MUSTNT，语气比MAY更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。MICHAEL_BEAPOLICEMAN,FORHESMUCHTOOSHORTANEEDNTBCANTCSHOULDDMAY在疑问句只能用CAN，不能用MAY和MUST。HEMAYBEVERYBUSYNOWCANHEBEVERYBUSYNOWHEMUSTBEVERYBUSYNOWCANHEBEVERYBUSYNOWNEED精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/14NEED作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。DAREDARE作为情态动词用时有两种形式DARE和DARED两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。IFHEDARECOME,IWILLKICKHIMOUTIDONTKNOWWHETHERHEDARESAY注意HEDOESNTDARETOANSWERTHEQUESTION（否定句）DOESSHEDARETOENTERTHEDARKROOM（疑问句）SHALL用于第一人称征求对方的意见。WHATSHALLWEDOTHISEVENING用于第二、三人称警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。YOUSHALLFAILIFYOUDONTWORKHARDER警告HESHALLHAVETHEBOOKWHENIFINISHREADING允诺HESHALLBEPUNISHED威胁SHOULD劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。YOUSHOULDOUGHTTOGOTOCLASSRIGHTAWAYISHOULDOUGHTTOHELPHIMBECAUSEHEISINTROUBLE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/14WILL/WOULD请求、建议，WOULD比WILL委婉客气。WOULDYOUPASSMETHEBOOK表示意志、愿望和决心。IWILLNEVERDOTHATAGAINTHEYASKEDUSIFWEWOULDDOTHATAGAINWOULD可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。DURINGTHEVACATIONHEWOULDVISITMEEVERYWEEKTHEWOUNDWOULDNOTHEAL（伤口老是不能愈合）WOULD表示估计或猜想。ITWOULDBEABOUTTENWHENHELEFTHOMEWHATWOULDSHEBEDOINGTHERE情态动词HAVEDONE的用法COULDHAVEDONE本可以做而实际上未能做。YOUCOULDHAVEDONEBETTER,BUTYOUDIDNTTRYYOURBESTCANNOTHAVEDONE表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。HECANNOTHAVEBEENTOTHATTOWNCAN主语HAVEDONE表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。CANHEHAVEGOTTHEBOOKMIGHTMAYHAVEDONE对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/14HEMAYNOTHAVEFINISHEDTHEWORKIFWEHADTAKENTHEOTHERROAD,WEMIGHTHAVEARRIVEDEARLIERMUSTHAVEDONE对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为CANNOTHAVEDONE。YOUMUSTHAVESEENTHEFILMYOUCANNOTHAVESEENTHEFILMNEEDNTHAVEDONE本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。YOUNEEDNTHAVEWATEREDTHEFLOWERS,FORITISGOINGTORAIN注意DIDNTNEEDTOHAVETODO没有必要做而实际上也没有做IDIDNTNEEDTOCLEANTHEWINDOWSMYSISTERDIDIT2HOURSAGOSHOULDOUGHTTOHAVEDONE本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。YOUSHOULDHAVESTARTEDEARLIER,BUTYOUDIDNTSHESHOULDNTHAVETAKENAWAYMYMEASURINGTAPE,FORIWORKEDTOUSEIT注意HESHOULDHAVEFINISHEDTHEWORKBYNOW（表推测）虚拟语气类别精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/14用法例句IF引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词过去式（BE用WERE）主句动词SHOULD/WOULD/COULD/MIGHTDOIFHEWEREHERE,HEWOULDHELPUS与过去事实相反从句动词HADDONE主句动词SHOULD/WOULD/COULD/MIGHTHAVEDONEIFIHADBEENFREE,IWOULDHAVEVISITEDYOU与将来事实相反从句动词过去式/SHOULD动词原形/WERETODO主句动词SHOULD/WOULD/COULD/MIGHT动词原形IFITSHOULDRAINTOMORROW,WEWOULDNOTGOCAMPING省略IF的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的WERE，HAD,SHOULD放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装SHOULDHECOME,TELLHIMTORINGMEUPWEREIYOU,IWOULDNOTDOITHADIBEENFREE,IWOULDHAVEVISITEDYOU精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/14混合虚拟条件句不同时间的虚拟各遵守各的规则IFHEHADLISTENEDTOME,HEWOULDNOTBEINTROUBLENOWIFHEHADTOLDMEYESTERDAY,ISHOULDKNOWWHATTODONOWIFIWEREYOU,IWOULDHAVEGONETOHERBIRTHDAYPARTY虚拟与陈述的混合各遵守各的规则HECOULDHAVEPASSEDTHEEXAM,BUTHEWASNTCAREFULENOUGHYOUSHOULDHAVECOMEEARLIERTHEBUSLEFTAMOMENTAGO含蓄虚拟条件句BUTFOR名词表示虚拟条件句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。BUTFORYOURTIMELYWARNING,WE_INTOGREATTROUBLEYOUKNOWWEREFRIENDSAWOULDGETBMUSTHAVEGOTCWOULDHAVEGOTDCANTHAVEGOTWITHOUT名词表示虚拟条件WITHOUTTHEAIRTOHOLDSOMEOFTHESUNSHEAT,THEEARTHATNIGHTWOULDBEFREEZINGCOLD精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/14动词不定式表示虚拟条件ITWOULDBEONLYPARTLYRIGHTTOFOLLOWINTHISWAY如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。现在分词表示虚拟条件HAVINGKNOWNINTIME,WEMIGHTHAVEPREVENTEDTHEACCIDENT要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。过去分词表示虚拟条件GIVENMOREATTENTION,THETREECOULDHAVEGROWNBETTER如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。副词OTHERWISE表示虚拟条件IWASTOOBUSYATTHATTIMEOTHERWISE,IWOULDHAVECALLEDYOU我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。连词BUT连接的句子表示虚拟条件HE_FATTERBUTHEEATSTOOLITTLEAWOULDBECOMEBWOULDHAVEBECOMECMUSTBECOMEDMUSTHAVEBECOME其它状语从句ASIF/ASTHOUGH引导的状语从句中动词用DID或HADDONE或WOULDCOULDMIGHTDO。注意ASIF/ASTHOUGH引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/14当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时ITSOUNDSASIFITISRAINING听起来像是在下雨。HETALKSASIFHEISDRUNK从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。与现在事实相反HETALKSASIFHEKNEWWHERESHEWAS与过去事实相反HETALKSABOUTROMEASIFHEHADBEENTHEREBEFORE与将来事实相反HEOPENEDHISMOUTHASIFHEWOULDSAYSOMETHINGINORDERTHAT/SOTHAT引导的状语从句中动词用CAN/COULD/M