高中虚拟语气 语法点系统讲解

2015.11.27,英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。,表示说的话不是事实，仅表示一种愿望、建议或假设。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldconsiderhissuggestion.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldhavesucceeded.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotholdthesportsmeeting.,与现在相反,与过去相反,与将来相反,条件从句,If从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did/were,haddone/been,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),一、If型条件句的三种基本形式,助动词,1,快速判断：现在、过去or将来？,Myfatherwouldbuythisflatifhehadenoughmoney?IfIweretogotoBJ,Iwouldcallyou.IfIhadgotupearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthebus.Ifyouwereanartist,whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.,现在,将来,过去,现在,将来,含蓄条件句。Without,but,butfor（要不是）,otherwise，or(否则的话)暗含着含蓄条件。Eg.Butfor/Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Eg.Iwouldhaveboughtthatcar,butIdidnthavemoneythen.错综虚拟语气。主从句分别对不同时间相反。Eg.IfIhadaskedhimyesterday,wewouldknowwhattodonow.If的省略。用部分倒装，即将be/助动词/情态动词提前。Eg.IfIwereyou(WereIyou)。虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式必须用were。Eg.Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeOK.,小注：,But/or/otherwise前面或后面陈述一个事实，暗示虚拟条件。,Wishthat/Ifonly(但愿/要是就好了),Did/were现在Haddone/been过去Would/could/mightdo将来,2.1,二、类If型:wish(ifonly)/wouldrather/asif(though),没有should,与现在相反：did/were,IwishI_astallasYaoMing.要是我和姚明一样高就好了。,Mywishistobeabird.(真实愿望)IwishI_abird.(要是我是一只小鸟就好了）,Mywishisthateverydayismybirthday.(真实愿望)Iwisheveryday_mybirthday.,IwishI_(拥有)thishouse.要是我现在拥有这所房子就好了。,were,were,were,possessed,IwishI_（eat）somuch.要是我没吃那么多就好了。IwishI_（drive）morecarefullyyesterday.要是我昨天开车小心点就好了。IwishIhadattendedthepartyyesterday.要是我昨天参加这个party就好了。,hadnteaten,haddriven,与过去相反:haddone,Iwishit_tomorrow.要是明天下雪就好了。Mywishistovisittheplacesofinterestinthefuture.(真实愿望)IwishI_theplacesofinterestinthefuture.IwishI_amillionairesomeday.要是有一天我能成为百万富翁就好了。,与将来相反:would/could/might+do,couldsnow,couldvisit,couldbecome,Asif/asthough(同wish)【即时演练】Shelooksasifshe_(be)anartist.AlantalkedaboutRomanasifhe_(be)there.Itseemedasthoughhe_(study)inUSnextsemester.,2.2,Did/were现在Haddone/been过去would/could/mightdo将来,were,hadbeen,wouldstudy,Wouldrather(宁愿)【即时演练】Iwouldratheryou_(come)heretomorrow.Iwouldratheryou_(nottell)methetruth.Idratheryou_(post)theletterrightnow.,2.3,did/were现在/将来Haddone/been过去,came,hadnttold,posted,3.1下列动词引导的宾语从句：一坚持：insist二命令：command/order三建议：advise/propose/suggest四要求：demand/desire/request/require3.2上述动词对应的名词suggestion，order,demandproposal后接表语从句或同位语从句。【练习】Thefatherordersthathisson_(do)homeworkatonce.Myproposalisthatwe_(set)adeadlineforhandingintheplan.,三、shoulddo型（should可以省略）,shoulddo,set,虚拟语气中的被动:context。Eg.Itisrequiredthattheproblem_(solve)immediately.suggest/insist：表明/坚持说：不虚拟建议做/坚持做：虚拟Eg.ThefirstsuggestedthatCholeramultipliedintheair.Eg.SheinsistedthatI_(be)wrongandthatI_(apologize)toher.,小注：,shouldbesolved,was,shouldapologize,3.3It做形式主语。Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/apity/ashame/nowonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desiredthat【练习】ItisapitythatLucy_(be)socareless.3.4Itishightimethat+did/shoulddo(should不可省略)，意为“早该了”。Eg.Itishightimethatwegot/shouldgetup.,shouldbe,攻克虚拟语气的关键在于：时间+动词过去式与过去分词,1.Weareconsideringhisproposalthatourdaughter_(send)abroadforfurthereducation.2.Thetwostrangerstalkedwarmlyasifthey_(be)closefriendsforyears.3.SheinsistedthatI_(be)wrongandthatI_(apologize)toher.4.Itisessentialthateffectivemeasures_(take)toprotectourcivilrights.5.Johnwouldratherthathe_(notgo)tothepartyyesterday.6.Ifyou_not_(stay)uplatelastnight,youwouldntbesosleepynow.7.Withoutyourhelp,we_(achieve)somuch.,besent,hadbeen,was,apologize,betaken,hadntgone,hadstayed,wouldnthaveachieved,IdidntknowKevinstelephonenumber,otherwiseI_(call)him.Iftheystartedearlierthanexpected,they_(be)herenow.Ifshe_(call)me,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.Ifthey_(attack)us,wewouldwipethemoutcompletely.Ifhe_(leave)today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.Iwould