高中英语基本句型

基本句型,1主语+系动词+表语：Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Theplansoundsperfect.Thismaterialfeelssoft.ThisiswhereIwork.2主语+谓语：Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.Weallbreathe,drinkandeat.注：这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语并非结构上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这就引出了下列句型：主语+谓语+状语：Themeetinglastedfortwohours.Wewalkedforfivemiles.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.HelivesinGuangzhou.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.,3主语+谓语+宾语：Sheisreadinganovel.Youmayhaveseeneachother.Heisdoingmorningexercises.Thisfactorymakesmachinetools.Maryhasorderedanewdress.Ihavehadmylunch.注：这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语，因此称单宾及物动词，一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些情况下，状语必不可少，这就引出了下列句型：主语+谓语+宾语+状语：Heputthevaseonthetable.Jimbroughthissuitcasesupstairs.IlltakeMarytothestation.Theytreatedhimkindly.,4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：Shemadeherselfanewdress.Myfatherboughtmeanovel.Passmethesalt,please.注：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词，它们可以分为两类：第一类：give,show,send,bring,offer,read,pass,lend,leave,tell,hand,return,write,pay,throw,allow,wish,teach,promise,owe,refuse等。第二类：make,buy,do,fetch,get,paint,play,save,reserve,spare,order,cook,sing,find等。注：间接宾语有时可以改成一个由to或for引导的短语，这在意思上没有什么差别：Illreturnyouthebooktomorrow.Illreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.ShemadeanewdressforMary.ShemadeMaryanewdress.,注：第一类可以改为由to引导的短语；第二类可以改为由for引导的短语。注：间接宾语用介词词组表示的场合：a.对间接宾语加以强调时：Iveboughtitforyou,notformyself.Illhandthislettertothesecretaryandnottothedirector.b.当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：Illsendittoyoutomorrow.Youdbetterhanditdirectlytotheheadmaster.c.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时：Sheshowedthepicturetothestudentssittingnearher.d.当间接宾语置于句首时：Whodidyousenditto?TohimItoldthestory,nottohisbrother.e.当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词时：Hegaveittome.Illlendthemtoyou.,5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：Wehaveprovedhimwrong.Whatmakeyouthinkso?Shefoundthechildfastasleep.Icalledhimafool.注：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些复合宾语及物动词。,句子成分,一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.词组或复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的其他词类，如：Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Whoisspeaking,please?ThisisJackspeaking.Twowillbeenough.Livinginthatislandcountryforthreemonthswasanunforgetableexperienceforme.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,happyandwise.Whetherwellgodependsontheweather.“A”isanarticle.,二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.形容词；5.分词；6.动名词；7.不定式；8.副词；9.介词短语；10.词组；11.从句，如：Themassesaretherealheroes.Thatssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Myideaisthis.Timeispressing.Letshurryup.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.Wemustbeoffnow.Theyaretwicethesizeofchickens.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.,三、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的形容词及其他词类，如：Shediedaheroicdeath.Theydidntpromisehimanythingdefinite.Howmanydoyouwant?Weneedtwo.Payattentiontounitingandworkingwithcomradeswhodifferwithyou.Learntoplaythepiano.Illgetitstamped.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?,四、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.形容词；2.代词；3.数词；4.名词或名词所有格；5.分词；6.不定式；7.介词短语；8.副词；9.词组或合成词；10.从句，如：Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.Webelongtothethirdworld.WemustliveuptothePartysexpectations.Thisisindeedamostpressingproblem.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.theinterestsofthepeople/amanofgoodtemper/achildoffive,五、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.副词；2.介词短语；3.不定式；4.分词；5.形容词；6.词组；7.复合结构；8.从句，如：Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldmansstory.(副词)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboyslife.(不定式)Isaiditinfun.(介词短语)Theyallrushedover,eagertohelp.(形容词)Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.(形容词)Weareworkingdayandnight.(词组)Hecameupshoulderingaspade.(分词)Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.(词组)Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.(分词)Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.(复合结构),句子的种类,一、陈述句：Shearrivedquiteearly.(事实)/Shemayhavearrivednow.(看法)二、疑问句：1一般疑问句：Hasthefactorygoneintoproduction?ShallIturnontheTV?2特殊疑问句：Whichcolourdoyouprefer?Howmuchisthistable-cloth?3选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+第二个选择:AreyouanEnglishmanoranAmerican?特殊疑问句+选择部分:Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?4反意（或附加）疑问句：Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.,三、祈使句：Besuretogetherebeforenine.Youdoitrightnow.四、感叹句：what+感叹句：Whatanoble-heartedmanhewas!Whatgoodnewsi