YY-Z-G1-191002 7 三大从句五阅读理解

7.三大从句（五）阅读理解本节课所用讲义：1确定是否为三大从句1(2013浙江高考)The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.Aall of what Ball of whichCall of them Dall of whom2(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. Athem BthatCwhich Dwhat有时学生容易混淆定语从句与并列句，以至于无法判断是用人称代词还是关联词，解题的关键是看题干中的横线前有无and。试比较：They live in a small house, in front of which stands an orange tree.(定语从句)They live in a small house, and in front of it stands an orange tree.(并列句)The team is made up of 20 scientists, most of whom are from China.(定语从句)The team is made up of 20 scientists, and most of them are from China.(并列句)2确定是何种从句1(2013陕西高考)_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThat CWhat DAs2(2013重庆高考)_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.AThat BIt CWhat DWhich三大从句存在一定的关联性，应抓住关键点，确定是何从句。试比较：It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.(主语从句)As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.(定语从句)What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.(主语从句与表语从句)The news (that/which) they won the match is true.(同位语从句)The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句)This is such a difficult problem as few of us can solve.(定语从句)This is such a difficult problem that few of us can solve it.(结果状语从句)He has found the book (that/which) he lost.(定语从句)He has found the book where he lost it.(地点状语从句)3根据三大从句各自的特点确定关联词1(2013陕西)_ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. ASince BWhile CIf DAs 2(2011上海高考)There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.Awhat Bif Chow Dthat3(2013新课标全国卷)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dthat定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词之分；名词性从句连接词分为连词、连接代词和连接副词。状语从句的连词也有意义和结构之分，因此，选择关联词要综合各方面因素来考虑。注意以下几点：1what不能引导定语从句。2whether/if不能引导定语从句。3that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4that既可引导定语从句也可以引导同位语从句，但that在定语从句中可作主语、表语和宾语，而that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。5which在定语从句中常可以替换that，但在名词性从句中不可以替换。1(2014福建泉州质量检查)_ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.AWho BIt CAs DWhat2(2014乌鲁木齐市第一中学考前模拟) _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.AIf BAs CBecause DWhile3(2014长春市高三二模)_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.AWhether BThatCBecause DWhat4(2014宝鸡市高三质检)We all like our English teacher, _ we have learned a lot.Aof which Bof whom Cfrom whom Dfrom that5(2013昆明市高三二模)Do you think it wise for parents to do everything for their children?No. Thats _ theyre mistaken.Awhether Bwhen Cwhat Dwhere6(2013重庆一中高三二模)Tell your doctor with a detailed medical history _ he can give you the accurate treatment.Aeven if Bso thatCin case Das though阅读理解做题技巧阅读理解的基本解题思路：（四步走）第一，扫描提干，划关键定位词，题型和预测文章主要内容。第二， 通读全文，抓住中心。 1. 通读全文，抓两个重点： 首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）； 其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读）2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： 文章叙述的主要内容是什么？ 文章中有无提到核心概念？ 作者的大致态度是什么？第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文）1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由正确答案的特征： 正确答案经常与中心思想有关。 正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。 正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。 从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some. 正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。错误答案的特征：第一大层次： 无中生有 （未提及的概念）； 正反混淆 （选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）； 所答非所问 （虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边）第二大层次： 过分绝对； 扩大范围（注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly）； 因果倒置； 常识判断； 推得过远； 偏离中心； 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也能有助于提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有以下五个特点：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；符合常识，但不是文内容；与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；部分正确，部分错误。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单词，因此需要我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。注意事项：通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。正确答案不出现绝对意义的词和比较级。五大题型及对策 主题型 (main idea/ mainly/ mainly discuss/mainly concerned/ central/ primary) 两种变体：1.写作目的题型 purpose of writing 2.文章标题题型 the best title 做题方法：主题题最关键的就是把握主题句和主题词。 。归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误:1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。 2.【2016全国新课标I】DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenly stops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthattheperson wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.What does the author say about silence in conversations?It implies anger.It promotes friendship.It is culture-specific.It is content-based.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?The Chinese.The French.The Mexicans.The Russians.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?Let it continue as the patient pleases.Break it while treating patients.Evaluate its harm to patients.Make use of its healing effects.What may be the best title for the text?Sound and SilenceWhat It Means to Be SilentSilence to Native AmericansSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold.【2016全国新课标I】BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important” to be near them, especially when youre raining children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving