CDMA优化-切换和功控与信令

1,CDMA系统切换，功控培训讲义,2,软切换(MAHO)和硬切换对比,SofthandoffcanbeperformedinthesamecarrierlayerHighqualityhandoffthrough“makebeforebreak”processDifferentalgorithmmaybeusedtominimizeSHOregiontoreducesystemresourcesconsumption.,3,导频集,导频集：导频集是指所有具有相同的频率但PN码相位不同的导频的集合。导频集分为以下四类激活集：当前手机正在保持连接的业务信道所对应的导频的集合。候选集：导频信号强度足够，手机可以成功解调，随时可以接入。相邻集：当前不在激活集或候选集里，但可能会进入候选集的导频的集合。剩余集：所有其余导频的集合。BSC与MS间导频集的异同：手机的导频集按照协议划分为激活集、候选集、相邻集、剩余集。BSC中的导频集可以只有激活集和相邻集。,4,July,1998,7-46,RF100(c)1998ScottBaxter,导频搜索顺序,5,导频集之间的相互转换,T_ADD,T_DROP,Pilot1,导频强度,Pilot2,T_TDROP,T_TDROP,相邻集,候选集,激活集,候选集,相邻集,TIME,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,命令格式,jilin_omc-005417dispcbsc-7021hoconstrusersHOCONSTR|HOCONSTRUSER(cbsc#-hoconstr#)|-|-7021-1ICTRKGRP-7021-17021-1ICTRKGRP-7021-137021-1CARRIER-271-1-2837021-1CARRIER-271-2-2837021-1CARRIER-917-1-2837021-1CARRIER-227-1-2837021-1CARRIER-227-2-2837021-1CARRIER-227-3-2837021-1CARRIER-918-1-2837021-2none7021-3none7021-4none7021-5none7021-6none7021-7none7021-14none7021-15none7021-16none,jilin_omc-005417dispcbsc-7021detection|MAXACTIVE-|MAXCEPER-|MAXBTS-|MAXBTS-|MAXBTS-|TCOMPENA-|XCTCOMP|AGG-|AGG-|AGG-|NUM-|HOCONSTR|SETSIZE|CALL|LEGS1|LEGS2|LEGS3|THRSH|STRENGTH1|STRENGTH2|STRENGTH3|CANDIDATE|R(cbsc#-hoconstr#)|(dB)|(dB)|(dB)|(dB)|(dB)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-7021-163322-14.54.5-3.0-7.0-9.0107021-263322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-363322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-463322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-563322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-663322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-763322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-863322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-963322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1063322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1163322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1263322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1363322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1463322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1563322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.0107021-1663322-14.54.5-3.0-5.0-7.010,15,跨CBSC间的切换,16,Inter-CBSCsofthandoff,Inter-CBSCSoftHandoff(1),CBSC1,CBSC2,MSconnectstotwoBTSintwodifferentCBSCs,duringICSHO.ThesignalingandtrafficinformationfromCBSC2(target)isbackhauledtoCBSC1(source).CallcontrolishandledbyCBSC1VoiceTrafficisusingIC-link,betweenCBSC1&2,andSourceMSC1isstillresponsibleforVoicehandling.,1,CBSCborder,MSC1,MSC2,17,Inter-CBSCsofthandoff,Inter-CBSCSoftHandoff(2),CBSC1,CBSC2,2,AsMSproceedsintotheareaofCBSC2,itisrequiredtoperformanAnchorHandoff(akindofHardhandoff)ThecontrolofthecallwillbemovedtoCBSC2withoutoccupyingresourcesinCBSC1andIC-link.VoicehandlingwillbemovedtoMSC2.,CBSCborder,MSC1,MSC2,18,AnchorHandoffTypesKeep_Soft:NeverallowscontrolofthecalltobetransferredtothetargetCBSC.Legs_Remote:PerformstheanchorhandoffwhentherearenoXCSECTORsoranchorsectorsintheactivesetfromtheperspectiveofthesourceCBSC.VeryConservative.No_Legs:PerformstheanchorhandoffwhennoanchorsectorsfromthesourceCBSCaretheintheactivelist.Thequickest.No_Legs_Wait(Recommended):PerformstheanchorhandoffwhentheNo_Legscriteriaandeitheroneofthefollowingconditionsaremet:Thecallgoesinto1-waySHO.ThebestactivepilotisTcompabovethesecondbestactivepilot.Legs_Remotecriteriaismet.,Inter-CBSCSoftHandoff(3),19,HardHandoffInterCarrier-MAHO,Carrier1&2,ES,ES,Carrier2,切换发生于许多小区位于边界的情况下适用于大面积的边界的情况,DAHO,Carrier1,Carrier1,BTS1,BTS2,BTS1,BTS2,Carrier1,Carrier1,Carrier1&2,导频指向有效时发生切换适用于局部或某地点的切换增加某一个基站的用户容量,MAHO,PB,PB,BTS1,BTS2,BTS3,BTS1,BTS2,BTS3,移动台支持/数据库支持的切换方式的对比,21,DatabasesettingofMAHO(-Example)Checkcalldistribution,makesureHARDHANDINisROUNDROBINDISPLAYCBSC-14CALLDISTSetupIRIS2KandIRIS95tablesforDAHODISPLAYCBSC-22CALLDISTDISPLAYINROUTE-22-11IRIS95DISPLAYINROUTE-22-11IRIS2KEDITINROUTE-22-11IRIS95CARRIER1=283CARRIER2=0EDITINROUTE-22-11IRIS2KCARRIER1=283CARRIER2=0DISPLAYINROUTE-22-11IRIS95DISPLAYINROUTE-22-11IRIS2KDeletethecurrentneighboronbeaconsectorDISPLAYTCARRIER-22-242-1-201NEIGHBORDISPLAYTCARRIER-22-242-2-201NEIGHBORDISPLAYTCARRIER-22-242-3-201NEIGHBORDELETETCARRIER-22-242-1-201NEIGHBORDELETEALL=NENTRY1=2DISPLAYTBTS-22-242NEIGHBORSetupCARRSOGSELtableDISPLAYBTS-242CARRSOGSELEDITSECTOR-242-2CARRSOGSELSOGNO=1CURRENTCAR=11TESTMOBILE=11ROUNDROBIN=11DISPLAYBTS-242CARRSOGSEL,DATABASESETTINGFORMAHO,22,TurnofECCLMonCh201andupdateCHANNELLISTtabletomake1XmobilebeidleonCh283onbeaconsectorDISPLAYBTS-242OHPARMSEDITCARRIER-242-2-201OHPARMSEXTCHANLIST=0DISPLAYBTS-242OHPARMSDISPLAYBTS-242CHANNELLISTEDITCARRIER-242-2-201CHANNELLISTCHAN1=283DISPLAYBTS-242CHANNELLISTTurnoff1Xvoiceand1XdataflagbecausetheChanneltypeisIS-95inHandoffRequestMessageonA1DISPLAYTBTS-22-242TCARRIERCONFEDITTCARRIER-22-242-2-201TCARRIERCONFTYPE=TRAFFIC_BEACONONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFDISPLAYTBTS-22-242TCARRIERCONFAddthebeaconsectorasaneighborinNEIGHBORLISTDISPLAYTBTS-22-242NEIGHBORADDTCARRIER-22-242-1-201NEIGHBORINSERTION_POINT=1DETECT1=22-242-2-201HOMETHOD1=PBDEST1=TSECTOR-22-242-2CONFIG1=SAMEDISPLAYTBTS-22-242NEIGHBOR,DATABASESETTINGFORMAHO,23,MAHOHANDOFF,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,Ch201(IS2Kcarrier)ONEXVOICE=ONONEXDATA=ONSupports1XVoice&datacalls,2carriersectorCurrentCarrier1TestMobile-Roundrobin1IRI95IRI2KINROUTE-1283201INROUTE-11283283,Ch201(Beaconcarrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFDoesntSupports1XVoice&datacalls,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,BeaconsectorCurrentCarrier11TestMobile-Roundrobin11IRI95IRI2KINROUTE-11283283,24,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,Ch201(IS2Kcarrier)ONEXVOICE=ONONEXDATA=ONSupports1XVoice&datacalls,Ch201(BeaconCarrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFDoesntSupports1XVoice&datacalls,BeaconsectorCurrentCarrier11TestMobile-Roundrobin11IRI95IRI2KINROUTE-11283283,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,2carriersectorCurrentCarrier1TestMobile-Roundrobin1IRI95IRI2KINROUTE-1283201INROUTE-11283283,PilotBeacon,message,MAHOHANDOFF,25,2carriersectorTSECTORisspecifiedas“beacon”asaHARDtarget.ENTRY=XDETECTION=HOMETHOD=PBDEST=,BeaconsectorCurrentCarrier11TestMobile-Roundrobin11IRI95IRI2KINROUTE-11283283,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,Ch201(IS2Kcarrier)ONEXVOICE=ONONEXDATA=ONSupports1XVoice&datacalls,Ch201(BeaconCarrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFDoesntSupports1XVoice&datacalls,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,MAHOHANDOFF,26,BeaconsectorCurrentCarrier11TestMobile-Roundrobin11IRI95IRI2KINROUTE-11283283#note:CALLDISTtablefor“newcall”issetto“currentcar”,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,Ch201(IS2Kcarrier)ONEXVOICE=ONONEXDATA=ONSupports1XVoice&datacalls,Ch201(BeaconCarrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFDoesntSupports1XVoice&datacalls,Ch283(IS95carrier)ONEXVOICE=OFFONEXDATA=OFFOnlySupportsIS95Voice(&data)calls,MAHOHANDOFF,27,切换流程,28,主要切换消息,29,邻区列表更新,问题：系统如何数据库中的临小区列表配置生成临小区列表？,30,空口消息,一次软切换，空口上跑的消息：1）手机上报PSMM消息；2）基站回应答消息；3）基站下发切换指示消息；4）手机回应答消息；5）手机回切换完成消息；6）基站回应答消息；7）基站下发带内系统参数消息；8）基站下发邻区列表更新消息。9）手机回响应消息。,31,July,1998,7-4,RF100(c)1998ScottBaxter,Paging&Access信道消息,32,July,1998,7-5,RF100(c)1998ScottBaxter,前、反向业务信道消息,33,切换完成后的系统参数通知,004/05/1110:53:52.798ForwardTrafficChannelPROTOCOL_REV:6In-TrafficsystemparametersMSG_LENGTH:18MSG_TYPE:7ACK_SEQ:2MSG_SEQ:2ACK_REQ:1ENCRYPTION:0SID:13831NID:11SRCH_WIN_A:6SRCH_WIN_N:8SRCH_WIN_R:9T_ADD:28T_DROP:32T_COMP:8T_TDROP:3NGHBR_MAX_AGE:0P_REV:6SOFT_SLOPE:0ADD_INTERCEPT:0DROP_INTECEPT:0PACKET_ZONE_ID:0EXTENSION:0T_SLOTTED_INCL:0,2004/05/1110:53:52.827ReverseTrafficChannelPROTOCOL_REV:6Order-MobilestationacknowledgementMSG_Length:7MSG_TYPE:1ACK_SEQ:1MSG_SEQ:2ACK_REQ:0ENCRYPTION:0ORDER:16ADD_RECORD_LEN:0MobileStationAcknowledgementOrder,34,没切换时Paging信道的系统参数,PWR_REP_THRESH:2PWR_REP_FRAMES:7-57PWR_THRESH_ENABLE:1PWR_PERIOD_ENABLE:0PWR_REP_DELAY:5RESCAN:0T_ADD:26T_DROP:30T_COMP:5T_TDROP:3EXT_SYS_PARAMETER:1EXT_NGHBR_LIST:0GEN_NGHBR_LIST:1GLOBAL_REDIRECT:0PRI_NGHBR_LIST:0USER_ZONE_ID:0EXT_GLOBAL_REDIRECT:0EXT_CHAN_LIST:1,2004/05/1110:53:13.401PagingChannelPROTOCOL_REV:6SystemParametersMSG_TYPE:1PILOT_PN:273CONFIG_MSG_SEQ:12SID:13828NID:185REG_ZONE:5TOTAL_ZONE:3ZONE_TIMER:2MULT_SIDS:1MULT_NIDS:1BASE_ID:587BASE_CLASS:0-PublicMicrocellularSystemPAGE_CHAN:1MAX_SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX:1-2.560secHOME_REG:1FOR_SID_REG:1FOR_NID_REG:1POWER_UP_REG:1POWER_DOWN_REG:1PARAMETER_REG:0REG_PRD:58-30.894minBASE_LAT:448828BASE_LON:1748068REG_DIST:0-DisableSRCH_WIN_A:7-40SRCH_WIN_N:9-80SRCH_WIN_R:9-80NGHBR_MAX_AGE:0,35,Inter-MSCHardHandoff,36,参考标准,ReferenceInter-MSCHardHandoffSignalingAndDatabaseConfigurationGuidelineCHN-ENG-0550-165IS-41AMappingMSC-BSA1InterfaceMessagesSystemICD,37,Inter-MSCHardHandoffCallFlow,MS,S-BTS,T-BTS,S-CBSC,S-MSC,T-MSC,T-CBSC,PSMM,HANDOFFREQUIRED,FacilitiesDirective2,HANDOFFREQUEST,HANDOFFREQUESTACK,FacilitiesDirective2RETURNRESULT,HANDOFFCOMMAND,HANDOFFDIRECTIONMSG,ACKNOWLEDGEORDER,HANDOFFCOMMENCED,HANDOFFCOMPLETIONMSG,HANDOFFCOMPLETE,IS41MSONCH,CLEARCOMMAND,CLEARCOMPLETE,SCAP,SCAP,SCAP,SCAP,SCAP,SCAP,38,A口消息,HandoffRequired的主要参数：必选参数CauseCellIdentifierList(Target)ClassmarkInformationType2ResponseRequestEncryptionInformationMobileIdentity(ESN)可选参数DownlinkRadioEnvironmentServiceOption,39,A口消息,HandoffRequest的主要参数必选参数ChannelTypeEncryptionInformationClassmarkInformationType2CellIdentifierList(Target)MobileIdentity(IMSI)MobileIdentity(ESN)DownlinkRadioEnvironmentCDMAServingOneWayDelay可选参数CircuitIdentityCodeExtensionServiceOption,40,A口消息,HandoffCommand的主要参数无必选参数可选参数IS-95ChannelIdentityCellIdentifierListExtendedHandoffDirectionParametersHardHandoffParametersIS-2000ChannelIdentity,41,切换的主要参数及设置,切换参数的设置不当对系统的影响：(1)设置过小：产生大量导频测量消息，通知基站，准备切换，大量占用了移动台和基站的资源；增加了不必要的切换，占用了更多的TCH(TrafficChannel)，使更多移动台进入软切换，尤其是随着T_ADD降低，三小区切换的比例会上升；使移动台到达远端小区的功率过低，甚至被忽略，失去了分集接收的意义，又造成了TCH的浪费。(2)设置过大：话音质量差，甚至造成掉话，减少了基站的覆盖范围；造成了切换延迟；基站边界附近的移动台发射功率过高，造成大量耗电等不利后果。,42,切换的主要参数及设置,T_ADD：导频可用门限（绝对门限）当Ec/IoT_ADD手机发送导频强度测量消息，将导频由相邻集加到候选集范围：-31.50dB推荐值：-14-12dB适当选择T_ADD，使系统的大部分软切换是两小区切换，并且使移动台与两小区的距离大致相等，这样可使移动台平均发射功率降幅加大，降低了对系统的干扰。系统中两小区和三小区切换比例随T_ADD变化而变化的趋势，当门限T_ADD的值大于-11dB后，切换比例迅速下降；在T_ADD的范围有一个最大值，随着T_ADD的降低，更多的移动台进入两小区切换状态，曲线上升；当T_ADD进一步降低时，会产生更多的三小区切换，同时两小区切换的比例必然会降低。,43,切换的主要参数及设置,T_DROP：导频最低可用门限当导频的Ec/Io下降低于T_Drop触发计数器T_TDrop如果导频Ec/Io超过T_Drop,计数器中止；计数器满时导频从激活集或候选集中去除到相邻集。范围：-31.50dB推荐值：-16-13dB导频丢弃门限T_DROP的设置1)设置过小增大了基站的覆盖范围，导致移动台的发射功率增大；处于切换状态的移动台数量增多，参与切换的基站数量增多，占用了更多的TCH，而且由于Ec/Io过小，使分集失去意义，导致质量下降。2)设置过大：减小了切换区域，使软切换减少，增加了掉话率；增加了乒乓切换（导频离开活动集又进入活动集），掉话率上升。可见，对T_DROP的合理选择也是同样重要的。,44,切换的主要参数及设置,T_Comp:activevs.candidateComparisonthreshold导频比较差值门限（相对门限）当Ec/IoActiveEc/IoT_Comp*0.5，则手机发送附加的PSMM范围：063步长0.5dB推荐值：22.5dB导频强度比较门限T_COMP的设置(1)设置过小：使导频进入活动集较容易，保证了活动集永远包含最强的导频；但导频互换的增多产生大量的增多导频测量消息，使系统负担增大；占用更多的TCH。(2)设置过大：造成切换延迟，易掉话；由于本应进入活动集的导频被忽略，继而成为了强干扰源，造成系统QoS较差，甚至引起掉话。可见，切换参数的合理设置意义重大。,45,切换的主要参数,T_TDROP:ActiveorCandidateSetdroptimer导频去掉定时器长度当导频集和候选集中导频降低时间超过了T_TDROP计数器，导频将被去除到相邻集如果候选集满了，但是有新的导频满足T_ADD要求需要增加，那么就去除一个最接近T_TDROP门限的导频范围：0319s推荐值：24s导频丢弃定时器T_TDROP的设置(1)设置过小：增加了乒乓切换。(2)设置过大：系统产生三小区软切换，占用了更多TCH，甚至由于Ec/Io很小而使分集失去意义。,46,搜索窗口参数,移动台在检测导频时，移动台想要检测的导频并不会正好在预期的时间内到达，移动台估计的系统时间包括参考导频的传播时延，而其他导频的时序也是基于自己的传播时延的。由于移动台并不知道任意给定的导频的传播时延大小，所以它必须在合理的时延窗口上进行搜索，直到找出导频的实际时序。移动台寻找给定导频时，其搜索宽度称为搜索窗口。,移动台搜索导频时使用3种不同的搜索窗口参数（包含在SPM消息中）：SRCH_WIN_A，用于搜索激活集和候选集中的导频SRCH_WIN_N，用于搜索相邻集中的导频SRCH_WIN_R，用于搜索剩余集中的导频,47,导频搜索,基站对各种导频集合分别设置了相应的搜索窗口(PN偏置范围)，在各个窗口里移动台搜索对应导频集中导频的所有可用多径分量。SRCH_WIN_A移动台利用这个搜索窗口搜索激活集和候选集中的导频，它以PN码片为单位来指定，移动台将把激活集和候选集中每个导频信号的搜索窗口中心定位在最早到达的可用多径成份的导频信号附近。,48,切换参数调整,49,导频污染解决策略,4PilotswithEc/IoT_ADD,6PilotswithEc/Io-14dB,问题：越区覆盖或漏做邻区关系都可能造成强信号导频不能加入激活集，从而形成导频污染解决：调整本小区主覆盖方向调整相邻小区天线和功率，控制覆盖范围调整切换参数,例一,例二,50,问题描述1：该路段高FER，Ec/Io差。,高FER，Ec/Io差,问题分析：路测分析报告显示，这一路段可以收到铁心桥，双龙立交，岔路口，利源北路，翠屏山，江宁1，江宁3等7个基站的信号，但是距离都较远，没有主导扇区，导频污染严重。,案例1-无主导频,51,功率控制,52,移动台接入过程的功率控制划分,开环功控的起始点闭环功控的起始点,CFC5，9,53,移动台接入过程,54,接入探测序列,55,接入过程各变量的说明,56,接入信道发射功率开环估算公式,发射功率(dBm)=-MeanReceivePower(dBm)+offsetpower+NOM_PWR-16*NOM_PWR_EXTs+INIT_PWR+AccessProbeCorrections平均接收功率和常数offsetpower两项计算得到的是补偿路径损耗以后所需的发射功率。移动台发射功率与接收功率成反比。Offsetpower与RC、频段、信道类型有关。NOM_PWR：物理意义上讲是用来补偿基站发射功率相对于标称功率（计算Offsetpower时的设定值）的偏移。INIT_PWR：物理意义上讲用于补偿负荷的不同而导致的移动台发射功率的不同，他的作用是使得移动台在第一个接入试探时，其发射功率能够以略小于所需要的功率被基站接收，该值还可以部分补偿cdma前反向信道之间偶尔的不完全相关引起的路径损耗差。接入探测修正=(n-1)*PWR_STEP，PWR_STEP是两次试探之间所应该提升的功率。,57,手机发射功率,第一个探针手机功率meanoutputpower(dBm)=-meaninputpower(dBm)-73+NOM_PWR(dB)+INIT_PWR(dB),多个探针手机功率功率meanoutputpower(dBm)=-meaninputpower(dBm)-73+NOM_PWR(dB)+INIT_PWR(dB)+thesumofallaccessprobecorrections(dB),闭环功率控制开始后手机发射功率meanoutputpower(dBm)=-meaninputpower(dBm)-73+NOM_PWR(dB)+INIT_PWR(dB)+thesumofallaccessprobecorrections(dB)+thesumofallclosedlooppowercontrolcorrections(dB),Nom_pwr:-8to7dB,缺省值0INIT_PWR:-