过去将来,现在完成,过去完成.ppt

过去将来时PastFutureTense,概念：过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中,判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。,IheardthattheyweregoingtoreturntoShanghaisoon.,结构：would/should+动词原形should主要用于主语是第一人称时;would可用于各种人称,Hesaidhewouldgotothecinematonight.,Marytoldmeshewouldgoabroadnextyear.,IsaidIshouldlearnFrenchthisyear.,was/weregoingto+动词原形,Nooneknewwhenhewasgoingtocome.,Ie，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.,Wedidntknowwhetherheisgoingtospeakatthemeeting.Wedidntknowwhetherhewasgoingtospeakatthemeeting.WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatsheshouldbuysomebooks.WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatshewouldbuysomebooks.,TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobewhenhewouldgrowup.TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobewhenhegrewup.TheysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifitwouldnotrainthenextSunday.TheysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifitdidntrainthenextSunday.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。,JennytoldmethatsheanEnglishSpeechContestthenextmonth.A.takespartinB.istakingpartinC.tookpartinD.wouldtakepartin,现在完成时,1.现在完成时的概念,1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2）表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。E.g.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.,past,now,future,现在完成时,一般过去式,现在进行时,一般将来时,2.现在完成时的结构,现在完成时的构成：Have/has+done,助动词,过去分词,主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语,Have:第一、二/复数Has:第三人称单数,规则动词：不规则动词,3.现在完成时的否定与疑问,现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。,1.IhavebeentoShanghaibefore.(改为否定句)I_beentoShanghaibefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_henotcometoschool?,现在完成时态的否定与疑问,规则动词,(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped,重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词,Work_Live_Stay_Stop_Clean_Study_,workedworked,livedlived,stayedstayed,stoppedstopped,cleanedcleaned,studiedstudied,不规则动词,AAA型costcostcost；cutcutcutAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runranrun；comecamecomebecomebecamebecomeABB型buyboughtbought；buildbuiltbuiltABC型beginbeganbegun；choosechosechosen,比较havebeento/in和havegoneto,HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。,HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,have(has)beenin,表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.,小结,1.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.neverbeenC.wentD.gone2.Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto3.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going,B,B,D,havebeento/in和havegoneto,4.现在完成时的用法,1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。,(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever,twotimes等状语连用。例如：Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.Imsurewevemetbefore.,2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,lately,for,since,等。如：Wehaventseenyourecently.Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.,since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere，Tuesday,October-“自从”for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。-“长达”,since和for的区别联系,1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.,since,since,since,since,for,for,for,for,for,表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和since,for,howlong连用）。,短暂性动词,Hehascomeherefor2years.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2years.Theoldmanhas_for4months.Theyhave_onlyfor5minutes,been,dead,错,错,错,现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,一般过去式,（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.Ihaveseenthisfilm.,2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语,3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。,ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续),()1.Howlonghaveyou_thisbook?A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent()2.Excuseme,_youseenthefilmyet?Yes,I_itlastnight.Ahave,seeBhave,haveseenChave,seenDhave,saw()3.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_?A.isheB.isntheC.hasntheD.hashe,过去完成时,ByVilla,构成：助动词had+动词的过去分词（V.pp),用法：,1.过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。,过去完成时：,在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。,1.他说他以前见过你。,Hesaidthathe_(see)youbefore.,hadseen,2.到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。,Bysixoclockthey_(work)foreighthours.,hadworked,过去分词的构成：,1.规则动词的变化：,a)一般情况下在动词后面加ed,work-worked,play-played,b)以e结尾的动词直接加d,use-used,refuse-refused,c)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改i再加ed,study-studied,carry-carried,d)以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加ed,stop-stopped,drop-dropped,2.不规则动词的变化见课本94-96页,过去完成时的构成：由助动词had+动词的过去分词（V.pp),2.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。,Bysixoclockthey_(work)foreighthours.,WhenIcametoGZ,he_(be)thereforalongtime.,用法：,1.到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,2.我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,hadworked,hadbeen,3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe_(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.,hadlived,1.到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。,Byyesterdayeveninghe_(write)thatletter.,2.他说他以前见过你。,Hesaidthathe_(see)youbefore.,3.当我进来时，他已做完了作业。,WhenIcameinhe_(finish)hishomework.,过去完成时与bythen(截止到那时);by9oclock(直到九点钟)bytheendof(在结束/末之前);bythetime(在时之前);uptillthen(直到那时);upuntillastnight(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。,hadwritten,hadseen,hadfinished,3.过去完成时和already,just,ever,yet等连用表示过去的过去。,用法：,例如：1.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。,Hetoldmethathisteam_already_(win).,had,won,2.她说她仍没去过长城。,Shesaidthatshe_(notgoto)theGreatWallyet.,ha