2015山西高考英语语法填空应试方法与技巧

2015山西高考英语语法填空应试方法与技巧,英语考试大纲说明,阅读下面材料，不给词在空白处适当的内容（不多于三个单词）给词或括号内单词的正确形式。,复习思考,Mum(puttingonhercoat):Imgoingtohavetogodown-totheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:Imnotsurewhat61(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable62Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausetheyre63(go).Alan:Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.Imsurehewasinthekitchen64(early).Mum:No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished65(make)them,sohecouldnthavedoneit.66,hecouldntcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff,soIm67wasnthim.Alan(openingfudgedoor):Well,itwasntme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof68fridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I69haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy70.Now,whydidIputonmycoat?,2014年山西高考语法填空样题,61.happened62.when63.gone64.earlier65.making66.Anyway/Besides67.it68.the69.must70.mind/memory,2014年山西高考语法填空,Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It_61_（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit_62_(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,earslater,thisriverisoneof_63_mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays_64_evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_66_(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit_67_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordontknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,dontyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare_68_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe_69_(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70(patience),2014年山西高考语法填空答案,61.was62.actually63.the64.or65.toreduce66.cleaner67.that/which68.amazing69.changes70.patient,语篇型语法填空题“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，与课程标准所提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合.学生们要加强听、说、读、写综合能力的发展，多进行语言产出和交际的机会，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的社会功能和实际运用上来。,还要加强对学生语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。可以通过精读教学、课外阅读、写作练习等方式，促进学生的语篇分析能力和对语言的理解力和控制力的发展。此外，要重视语言的准确性。语法和词汇知识是综合语言运用能力的基础，因此巩固对语言基本知识的掌握依然重要。但语法和词汇不是孤立的语言项目，语法和词汇知识的学习要和真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合起来。基于语篇的针对性练习势必比句子层次的语言知识练习更能满足学生的需求和测试的要求。,利用14年山西高考样题及真题广东07-13年高考样题和真题以及练兵题,十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，以及答题时注意事项在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。,或括号内单词的正确形式,正确理解单词的正确形式,例1Andjustatthesametime,thelionwakesoutofhisdream,andthefirstthing_(flash)intohismindis:.A.thatflashesB.flashing例2IfsomeoneisgoingtoLawschooljusttomakeagoodliving,hewontbeabletocompetewithsomeone_(love),已给单词提示题型的技巧,此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，(名词还是动词，单数还是复数，主动还是被动谓语还是非谓语）一是词的派生变化。,一：名词形式变化。,名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例3：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the_(child)housesareallfarfromschool由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式复数的所有格childrens。,例4Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe_69_(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I),二：动词形式变化。,动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例5：Atalk_(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式tobegiven。,例6Ittookyearsofwork_65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)例7Oh,mygoodness.I9(put)themintherewhenthephonerang.2014年山西高考语法填空样题musthaveput,例8Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he_(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.2013广东高考真题例9Marywilleverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_1_(wear)sunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe_2_(buy)theschool2012广东高考真题,例10ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt_3_(please),2012广东高考真题,例11Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_3_(sit)atthefront.He_4_(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.2011广东高考真题waspretending例12Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_3_(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_4_(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater2010广东高考真题,例13Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_10_(inform).2009广东高考真题wasinformed例14IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_1_(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage2007广东高考真题,例15Ifaschoolteamcomesoutlast,thatisnolossofface._5_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoistoadmitthatit_6_(lose)2007广东高考样题5.What6.islost,三：代词形式变化,代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noonenone、otheranother等。例16：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby_(he)由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。,例17Mum:hecouldntcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff,soImsure7wasnthim.Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasntme.2014年山西高考语法填空样题it,四：形容词、副词比较级变化,英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the例18Iam_(tall)thanLiuWenHeisthetalleststudentsinmyclass此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“lesstall”。,例19Alan:Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.Imsurehewasinthekitchen4(early).例20Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_66_(clean)thanever.例21Theriverwassopollutedthatit_62_(actual)caughtfireandburned.,例22Thoughhethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.Itmighthavemadeitalittle_6_(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidntstopthekidsintheclass2012广东高考真题例23OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttolocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_1_(late)thatday2011广东高考真题later,例24Whydidyoupretendtolikeit?Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe_9_(sweet).2010广东高考真题,例25Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_5_hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired_6_doingthisforawholeday,_7_hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”_8_(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.2008广东高考真题5.that6.after/from7.but8.higher,五：数词形式变化,数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式oncetwice例26：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorsesMyeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea_(three)从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。,六：词的派生,词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例27：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，Sohewasvery_(happiness)在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness成词根hppy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。,例28Theriverwassopollutedthatit_62_(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofthemostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.,例29Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.例30“Butsuchasmallthingcouldnt_(possible)destroyavillage.”2013广东高考真题,例31Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_4_(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater2010广东高考真题例32Wedranktogetherandtalked_8_(merry)tillfarintothenight.2007广东高考真题,例33Butevenmore_10_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextracurricularactivitiesinschool2007广东高考样题,常考单词列举,1.good-better-best2.badill-worse-worst-worsen3.possible-probable-去e加y4.reason-reasonable-unreasonable5.big-bigger-biggest6.bore-boring-bored7.amaze-amazing-amazed8.sit-sat-sat-sitting,9.use-useless-ly-useful-ly10.reply-replied11.say-said-says-saying12.annoy-annoyed-annoying13.destroy-destroyed-destroys14.write-wrote-written-writing15.get-got-got-getting16.forget-forgot-forgotten-forgetting,17.believe-belief-believable-unbelievable18.value-valuable19.argue-argument20.un-expected-ly21.decide-decision22.persuade-persuasion23.importance-important-unimportant24.silence-patience-difference-absence,未给单词提示题型的技巧,此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的,七：固定短语结构,根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。,例34：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground，enjoying_，dirtybuthappy从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoyoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例35：Hisbosswas_angryastofirehim如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语SO?asto，所以，so是正解。,八：从句引导词,从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例36：Hedidnotdo_hisfatherhadaskedhimtodo审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例37：Those_wanttogotothevillagemustsignhere经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。,例38Nicksguests,_hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould2013广东高考真题who,例39Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,_madeherfeellikeastar.2012广东高考真题7.which,例40Thenewboylookedattheteacher_8_afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered_9_theboywoulddo2012广东高考真题8.for9.what,例41Behindhimwereotherpeopleto_6_hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes_7_walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.2011广东高考真题6.whom7.they,例42Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder_2_hadbeenhisteacher.2010广东高考真题2.who,例43Janepausedinfrontofacounter_5_someattractivetieswereondisplay.2009广东高考真题5.where,例44_5_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoistoadmitthatit_6_(lose).2007广东高考样题5.What6.islost,例45Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2Iwenttoanswerthephone.(14样题）when例46Maybeyouhaveahabit_67_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.（14真题）that、which,九：短语动词结构,短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例47：Theusconsists_fiftystates根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由?组成”，所以答案是of。例48：MrsBakerwasill，soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotake_ofher生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成takecareof。,十：短语介词结构,短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例49：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon_oftakingatrain此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。例50：Justthen，hesawablackboardin_ofhim细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成infrontof，此题得解。,十一：连词、关联短语结构,常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybutalso等。例51：LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool，_hisfamilywastoopoor此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例52：_MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。,例53“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit;neithertoomuch2toolittle.”2013广东高考真题2.nor,例54Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays_64_evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofworktoreducetheindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(14真题)or,十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词,冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查ly形式的方式副词(见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况)。,例55：Jackielikestodriveat_highspeed这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，“以高速”开车。例56：OldTomsgranddaughterusedtovisithim_SaturdayafternoonSaturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例57：ThoughLiuQiangdidthesamework_ZhangWendid，hegotalowerpay_ZhangWen第一条横线可由前面的thesame断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。,例58“Inthebeginning,therewasonly_verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld2013广东高考真题例59Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasnther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin_4_lastrow.,例60Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad_9_amazingconversation.2011广东高考真题9.an,例61Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof_63_mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanu