电气专业变电所设计外文翻译

附录附录A外文资料Design of Mv/Lv Substation TransformerAbstract：A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment, and transformers. The low voltage distribution networks are supplied from MV/LV substation transformer that represent the last step of bringing transformation to the low voltage and ensuring the protection and monitoring of the network. There are three types of MV/LV substation: pole-mounted transformer substation, the substation in an envelope and substation in masonry. This paper presents a general description for different MV/LV substation and a methodology to design the various elements making up the public distribution substation (choice of the emplacement, engineering, power transformer, choice of MV cells, circuit breakers, fuses, disconnect switch, conductors,.etc). Keywords: Substation transformer MV cells Substation in masonry Pole-mounted transformer substation 1. Introduction A substation is a part of an electrical generation, trans-mission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and its voltage may change in several steps. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment, and transformers. Distribution circuits are fed from a transformer located in an electrical substation, where the voltage is reduced from the high values used for power transmission. Distribution networks are typically of two types, radial or interconnected. A radial network leaves the station and passes through the network area with no normal connection to any other supply. This is typical of long rural lines with isolated load areas. An interconnected network is generally found in more urban areas and will have multiple connections to other points of supply. These points of connection are normally open but allow various con-figurations by the operating utility by closing and opening switches. Operation of these switches may be by re-mote control from a control center or by a lineman. The benefit of the interconnected model is that in the event of a fault or required maintenance a small area of network can be isolated and the remainder kept on supply. The MV/LV substations are a node of a network, which includes a set of equipment designed to protect and facilitate the operation of the electrical energy . The MV/LV substations provide the interface between the distribution MV and LV. The MV / LV adapts to all modes of operation and why should fulfill the following functions: Distribute the power and protect the LV departures; Isolate the MV/LV substation in case of default; Manage the MV network in case of default and the position by remote control. MV/LV substation transformer has two purposes: - The interconnection between the lines of the same voltage level, it helps to distribute the power of the different lines from substations. - The transformation of electrical power, processors can switch between voltage levels to another. So, we can classify the MV/LV substations over the networks on which they are used as well as the functions they perform. The realization of MV/LV substations needs prior knowledge: Standards of reference and statutory instruments (voltage, quality of supply, short-circuit power, ., etc); Needs to be performing (power plant availability, operation); Specific needs-related uses (voltage variations tolerated, compensation of reactive power, immunity to interference receivers, regulations related to facility security); Constraints, installation and environment . This paper presents the different MV/LV substation transformer and a methodology to design the various elements making up the public distribution substation.2. The Birth of MV/LV Substation TransformerThe decision of a MV or LV supply will depend on local circumstances and considerations such as those mentioned above, and will generally be imposed by the utility for the district concerned. When a decision to supply power at MV has been made, there are two widely-followed methods of proceeding: The power-supplier constructs a standard substation close to the consumers premises, but the MV/LV transformer is located in transformer chamber inside the premises, close to the load centre. The consumer constructs and equips his own substation on his own premises, to which the power supplier makes the MV connection . 2.1. Project StudiesThe consumer must provide certain data to the utility at the earliest stage of the project. the power-supplier must indicate: The type of power supply proposed, and define the kind of power-supply system: over headline or under-ground-cable network, the service connection details: single-line service, ring-main installation, or parallel feeders, and the power (kVA) limit and fault current. The nominal voltage and rated voltage (Highest volt- age for equipment) Metering details which define: The cost of connection to the power network and tariff details (consumption and standing charges). 2.2. Implementation Before any installation work is started, the official agreement of the power-supplier must be obtained. The request for approval must include the following information, largely based on the preliminary exchanges noted above: Location of the proposed substation; Single-line diagram of power circuits and connections, together with earthing-circuit proposals; Full details of electrical equipment to be installed, including performance characteristics; Layout of equipment and provision for metering components; Arrangements for power-factor improvement if required; Arrangements provided for emergency standby power plant (MV or LV) if eventually required. Prefabricated substations.3. Classification of Mv/Lv Substation Transformer BirthSubstations transformer may be classified according to metering arrangements(Mv or Lv) and type of supply(overhead line or underground cable),Substations transformer are classified into three types: Substation in masonry: Installed in a dedicated enclosure prefabricated or not, with indoor equipment (switchgear and transformer) ; Pole mounted(S 160kVA)with dedicated outdoor equipment (switchgear and transformer); Prefabricated substations.3.1. Pole Mounted Substations These substations are mainly used to supply isolated rural consumers from MV overhead line distribution systems. In this type of substation, most often, the MV transformer protection is provided by fuses. The kinds of outdoor substation are common in some countries, based on weatherproof equipment exposed to the elements. The pole mounted substation is the easiest, it is used in cases where the power transformer is less than or equal to 160 KVA. 3.2. Prefabricated Substations Prefabricated substations provide a particularly simple, rapid and competitive choice. The MV/ LV prefabricated are made using: MV cells, transformer etc, grouped in an envelope whose role is the protection of internal equipment against external influences and to ensure a degree of protection against the public. The prefabricated substations are manufactured, wired and tested at the manufacturer, bringing the transformer, the LV and MV switchgear, connections and auxiliary equipment limit the study time and achievement. The transformer and switchgear are assembled in a metal case, the start is done by airline or underground, these substations are very compact and their implementation is very fast, one of the best-known benefits: Simplified civil engineering (platform only); Immediate availability; Limited space and time. The prefabricated substation is transported by truck. It is placed on a concrete slab. 3.3. Masonry Substation Operating a distribution network sometimes requires switching points in addition to the HV/MV substations, in order to limit the effect of a fault on the network. Distribution substations in masonry may be classified into three types: Public Distribution substations (DP); Distribution substations with LV metering (S 630 kVA); Distribution substations with MV metering called specific substations (a transformer whose power S 630 kVA or several transformers). 4. Design of Public Distrubution Substation Public distribution substations with prefabricated cells metal is done with cells each fulfilling a function. The public distribution substation includes: 02 incoming panels, Fuse-switch combination or fused switch; Fault detector for MV underground; LV circuit breaker (Table of public distribution); Power Transformer 100,160, 250, 400.630 KVA; Cell power transformer (closing metal); Safety equipment; Boxes of deflector; Boxes end external and internal; MV cable and lugs; Spare fuses; 5. ConclusionIn this paper, we presented a synthesis of the various MV/LV substation transformer, we have explained below the various documents constituting technical study, a detailed study of the public distribution substations Operating a distribution network requires switching points in addition to the MV/LV substations, in order to limit the effect of a fault on the network. To build a MV/LV substation transformer, it is necessary to size a number of parameters to achieve the appropriate wiring diagram. The development of these components must meet certain conditions dictated by the dual concern for the safety of operation and lower operating costs. These construction conditions can be classified into conditions related to tension, conditions relating to the thermal effects of the current, and conditions relating to the safety of operating personnel.From: 2013.51b004 Published Online January 2013 (http:/www.SciRP.org/journal/eng) 中压/低压变电站变压器的设计摘 要:变电站是电力系统中的发电、输电、和配电的一部分。变电站一般有开关、保护和控制设备以及变压器。低压配电网络提供的中压/低压配电变压器,代表最后一步将高压转换为低电压,确保保护和监测网络。中压/低压变电所分三种类型：杆上变电所、箱式变电所和砌筑变电所。本文提出了不同的 MV/LV 变电站和方法来设计各种元素建立公共配电变电站（位置的选择、工程、 变压器、 MV 电池、断路器、熔断器、隔离开关，导线等）。关键词：变电站变压器 MV电池 附设变电站 杆上变电站1. 导言变电所是发电、输电、配电系统中的一部分。变电所变换电压从高压变换成低压或者相反，或执行任何其他几个重要的功能。电能从发电厂到用户可能会流经数个变电站，其电压也可能发生数次改变。变电站一般有开关、保护和控制设备以及变压器。配电线路来自变电站的变压器，变压器将高电压转变成低电压以便于电能传输。分布式网路通常有两种类型：辐形、互联。辐形网络离开驻地并且穿过网络区域没有与其他供应的正常连接。这是被隔离负载领域的农村线的特点。互联网络一般出现在大多数城市地区，并将有多个连接到其他供应点的连接点。这些连接点正常开放，但通过关闭和打开开关来运行实用程序所允许的各种配置。这些开关的操作可能是由控制中心远程控制或由架线工控制。被互联的模型的好处是早发生故障时或所需维护的网络范围较小时可以被隔离并保留其他部分继续供需。中压/低压变电站是网络的一个节点，其中包括一套设备旨在保护和便于操作的电能。MV/LV 变电站提供分布MV和LV之间的接口。MV/LV适应所有操作模式以及为什么应履行下列职能：分配的功率和保护低压离开；在缺省情况下隔离压/低压变电站；在缺省的情况下处理MV网络和远程控制缺省位置。中压/低压变电站变压器有两个目的：-同一电压等级的线路之间的相互联系，它有助于分配来自变电站的不同线的电能。-电功率的转换，处理器可以随时切换到另一种电压等级。因此，我们可以根据使用网络情况和执行的任务将MV/LV变电站分类。对MV/LV变电站的实现需要事先了解：标准的参考和法律文书(电压，供电质量，短路电流等)； 需要执行(电厂可用性、操作)；特定需求有关的用途(容忍的电压变化，无功功率补偿，对接收机的抗干扰，设施安全的有关规定)；制约因素、 安装和环境。本文提出了不同的MV/LV变电站变压器和方法来设计各种元素组建公共配电变电站。2中压/低压变电站变压器的诞生中压或低压供电的决定将取决于当地的情况和上述所述的考虑因素，一般将由有关地区的实用程序实行。当已做出提供功率测量值的决定时，有两个方法被广泛采用：电源供应商修建标准变电站接近消费者的处所，但低压变压器位于处所中的变压室中，靠近负荷中心。消费者在自己的处所修建和安装自己变电站，到电源供应商使 MV 连接。2.1. 项目研究在该项目的最早阶段，消费者必须提供某些数据到该实用程序。电源供应商必须说明：提出的电源类型提议，并定义电源系统的那种： 通过标题或下地电缆网络，服务连接的详细信息：单行服务、环网柜安装或平行馈线、功率(千伏安)极限和故障电流。额定电压和额定的电压(最大电压-设备的寿命)。计量详细信息的定义：连接到电源网络和关税细节(消费和常规收费)的成本。2.2. 实施在任何安装工作之前，必须获得电源供应商的正式协议。待批准的请求必须包含以下信息，主要基于上文提到的初步交流：建议变电站的位置；单线图的电源电路和连接，以及接地电路的建议；电气设备安装的全部细节，包括性能特点；设备的布局和计量组件的供应；功率因数提高的安排(如需要的话)；如果最终需要向电源厂(MV或LV)提供应急备用的安排。2.3.调试在一个独立的测试机构的测试和检查安装后，被授予证书，允许变电站投入服务。当该机构要求时，必须成功地完成投入运行试验，在给当局加强设施从电源系统之前。即使权威机构没有要求测试，最好也做一下验证测试：接地电极电阻的测量；所有等电位接地和安全连接导体的连续性；