Washington-IrvingPPT课件

Washingtonirving,陈玉玲梁亮曾爽,1,.,Influence,2,.,WashingtonIrving(17831859),Americanauthor,essayist,biographer,historianoftheearly19thcenturyandtheU.S.ministertoSpainfrom1842to1846.HewasbestknownforhisshortstoriesTheLegendofSleepyHollowandRipVanWinkle”.,3,.,IrvingwasbornintoawealthyNewYorkmerchantfamily.Fromaveryearlyage,hebegantoreadwidelyandwritejuvenilepoems,essaysandplays.At16,hestudiedlaw.Hisfiancee,MatildaHoffman,committedsuicidein1809,andthenhenevermarriedHisfirstbookAHistoryofNewYork,writtenunderthenameofDiedrichKnickerbocker,wasagreatsuccessandwonhimwidepopularity.,Life,4,.,In1815,hewenttoEnglandtotakecareofhisfamilybusinessthere,andwhenitfailed,hadtowritetosupporthimself.WiththepublicationofTheSketchBook,hewonameasureofinternationalrecognition.Thenwhenhewasfifty,hereturnedtoAmericaandbought“Sunnyside”,hisfamoushome.Therehespenttherestofhislife,livingalifeofleisureandcomfort,exceptforaperiodoffouryears(1842-1846),whenhewasMinistertoSpain.HediedofaheartattackatSunnysideinNewYorkCityattheageof76.,5,.,LiteraryWorks,HistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty纽约外史(1809)TheSketchBook/TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.见闻札记(18191820)RipVanWinkle瑞普.凡.温克尔TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷的传说TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus哥仑布传(1828)TheLifeofGeorgeWashington华盛顿传(18551859),6,.,TheSketchBook见闻札记“TheLegendoftheSleepyHollow”睡谷的传说“RipVanWinkle”瑞普凡温克尔,7,.,PlotRipVanWinkleisanambitionlessandlazyfarmer.Hetiredofhiswifesnon-stopnaggingathome.Heseeksrefugeinthemountainswherehemeetsseveralmountainspiritsandtastestheliquorleftbythemoutofcuriosity.Becauseofthemagicpowerofthedrink,hefallsintoatwenty-yearsleep.Whenhewakesup,everythinghasundergoneatremendouschange.,8,.,ThemeofRipVanWinkle,Irvingseizedonthevenerablethemeofthehenpeckedhusbandwhoturnsthetablesonhistyrannicalwife,afeatRipachievesbysimplyoutlastingher.IrvingbelievethattherevolutionupsetthenaturalorderandheneveracceptsthemoderndemocraticAmerica.Hecontradictedbetweenworkanddesireforleisure.Afterhereturned,helosshisidentity,9,.,Ripmerelydesiresaleisurely,casual,conviviallife,buthiswifecallshimhomefromthecongenialatmosphereoftheinnandlectureshiminbedatnight.Irvingnever,however,permitsDameVanWinklespointofviewtoobtrude;shedoesnotspeakinthestory,andIrvingelicitsnosympathyforher.SheistheenemypartlybecausesheembodiesawholeculturethatisatoddswithRipsvalues:thatofthetidy,thrifty,ambitiousDutch.,Whilelovingfreedom,RipplacidlyenduredthetyrannyofDameVanWinkleandKingGeorgeandhasescapedplayinganyroleintheforgingofAmericanliberty.Hehasavoidedthetribulationsoffamilylifebylosingalltitleashusbandandbecomingdependentonhisdaughter,whilehehassloughedoffhisresponsibilitiesaspatriotbychoosing“overnight”statusasaseniorcitizen.,10,.,First,Irvingavoidedmoralizingasmuchaspossible;hewrotetoamuseandentertain,whichdepartstonosmallextentfromthebasicprinciplesofhisPuritanforebears;Secondly,IrvingwasgoodatenvelopinghisstoriesinaGothicandsupernaturalatmosphere;,FeaturesofIrvingswritings,11,.,Thirdly,thecharactersinIrvingsworksarevividandtruesothattheytendtolingerinthemindofthereader;Fourthly,thehumorinhisworksissoeffectivethatthereadercannothelplaughingwhilereadinghim;Lastly,Irvingslanguageisrefinedandmusical.,12,.,Influence,HeisthefirstbelletristinAmericanliteratureandthefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist.HehasprobablymadeshortstoriesagenreinAmericanliterature.Heisthefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertai-nment.Hehasintroducednonfictionproseasaliterarygenre.HeisthefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfame.,13,.,Literaryreputation:AbsorbingthecreamofEuropeancultureandliterature,Irvingcreatedhisuniquestylethatisfresh,natural,humorousandmusical.Withhisshortstoriesandsuccessinmanyotherfields,IrvinghasmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofindependentAmericanliterature.ItisIrvingwhoactivatedthepotentialofAmericanliteratureandlaidsolidfoundationsforitsfuturedevelopment.Asafamedessayist,biographer,historian,writerandpolitician,14,.,WashingtonIrvingisoftenconsideredas“TheFatherofAmericanLiterature”or“TheFatherofAmericanLetters,”aswellasoneoftheinventorsofthemodernshortessayandfiction.Onthewhole,Irvingsworkshavegivengreatenjoymenttogenerationsofreaders.Heismostknownfortheanec