高考语法填空专项复习

高考语法填空专项复习,郝若月,（一）命题特点,1.所选短文大约180多词，难度适中，基本适合高中生阅读。2.挖出10个空格。有的空格后有提示有的没有提示，挖空一般较均匀，不过密也不过疏。所缺的地方一般不会影响学生的理解。3.出题更多的是从词汇搭配和语言知识的运用上着手，上下文的理解放在相对次要的位置。,4.出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定词、短语；2）冠词的用法；3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词、生词的用法；4）动词的适当形式；5）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；6）情态动词的用法；7）从句的引导词等。,（二）考查能力,1.Abilityforreadingandcomprehensionfromthecontext(阅读/理解语篇的能力).2.Abilityofsentencestructureanalysis(分析句子结构的能力).3.AbilityofhavingagoodcommandofEnglishgrammar(熟练运用语法的能力).4.Besureofthekeypointsofthefillingwordswhicharetobetested(明确所考要点).,（三）解题方法及技巧,1.通读全文，把握大意。通读全文的目的是为了把握全文的大意，为下一步填空做好语义上的准备。因为语义决定着空白处应填一个什么样的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为了准确地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的题材中心思想，写作线索，篇章结构，段落层次，逻辑关系，词句理解。考生真正读懂文章大意，有利于填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。,2.仔细阅读，尝试填空。在通读全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以着手尝试填空了。这题的关键，是一个对每个段落层次以及整个语篇中的词汇、句子、语义结构和上下文语境进行综合分析并做出判断的复杂的思维过程，也是对英语语法基本功，英语语篇的感觉能力，和运用英语思维的检验过程。做题时，要求考生对空白处的词性能作出迅速的判断，对文章句子作出准确的分析。然后才能准确无误地填出答案。,3.复读全文，检查答案。所有的空白处都填好了。这时，我们有必要把整篇文章从头至尾反复从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，从词义辨析，词语搭配，和习惯用语仔细推敲，看其语法是否正确，行文是否通顺流畅，条理是否清晰，是否符合语感。还要特别注意单词的拼写，千万不能犯由于单词写错而导致失分的低级错误。要仔细揣摩，准确定夺。,Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney”.Butinmyopinion,timeiseven1_preciousthanmoney.Why?2_whenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback.However,whentimeis3_,itwillneverreturn.4_isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake5_useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveourcountryin6_future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople7_donotrealizethevalueoftime.They8_theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaword,weshouldformthegoodhabitof9_(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday10_tomorrow.,（1）根据语法知识进行填空第1题由than可知,precious要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级前加more，故此题答案为more.第7题因thereare是个句子，donot应是一个定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是人，应填入who.,（2）根据逻辑关系进行填空就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题第2题，因前句用Why提问，应当用because来回答，故此题答案是because,（3）根据语篇标志进行填空语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在关联的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示因果关系的有thus,therefore,so等；表示转折关系或转换话题的有however,but,while等；表示递进关系的有besides,apartfrom,inaddition,whatsmore,moreover,furthermore等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。第3题，由表示转折的however可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是gone。第5题，由表示结果的Therefore可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词full或good来修饰名词。,4）根据固定词组进行填空熟练掌握教材出现的重点词组，如asamatteroffact,asusual,beproudof,bytheway,bychance/accident,bebusywith/doingsth.,betweenand,come/befrom,congratulateon,devoteto,earnonesliving/makealiving,fromto,incommon,keeponesword/promise,lookforwardto,makeuponesmind,payattentionto等，对解题很有帮助.第6题表示“在将来”是固定词组inthefuture,（5）根据句型搭配进行填空就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat,itis/was+adj./n.+(forsb.)todosth,thereisnodoubtthat,doubtwhether/if,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan,itis/hasbeen+sometimesince,beabouttodowhen,等来解题.第4题填It,作形式主语，真正的主语是前面的从句.,（6）根据词汇知识进行填空指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解答.如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接todo作宾语的动词，接todo作补语的动词,接do作补语的动词，或接作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等.第8题由timesmoking可想到是spend/wastetime(in)doing句型，这是由spend/waste的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填spend或waste.第9题因of是介词，介词后的动词通常用-ing形式，故填saving.,（7）根据生活常识进行填空第10题结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事情推迟到明天做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till.（8）根据文化背景进行填空如AfterthefloodMr.Dengwasaspoorasachurch_.这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了”.aspoorasachurchmouse（一贫如洗），所以此处填mouse.,【典型例题】,Sportsshouldhelpamantolearnfairness,notonlyingamesbutalsoinandforlife.Iftwoteamsplay1_game,oneteammustlose.Ifadozenteamsattendanathleticcompetition,2_teamwillgetthemostpointsandallthe3_eleventeamswillget4_points.Ifaschoolteamcomesoutlast,thatisnolossofface.5_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoisadmitthatit6_(lose).Theonlyintelligentreaction7_defeatmustbe:nextyearwewilldoourbesttocomeoutontop,becausefromnowonourteamwilldevote8_toastrictercourseoftrainingundercompetentinstructors.Lessons9_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.Butevenmore10_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool:inspeech,dramaticandmusicalcontests,in“house”activities,and,especially,inthestudentcouncil.,答案：1.a;2.One;3.other;4.fewer;5.What;6.lost;7.to;8.itself;9.learned;10.valuable,【备考策略】,1.不断记忆，积累词汇。2.夯实基础，学好语法。3.大声朗读，培养语感。4.坚持不懈，多做练习。5.总结规律，找准方向。,【模拟试题】,Thisisatruestory.IthappenedinAmsterdam,Holland1theearly1940saftertheGermanNazishad_2_(occupy)mostofEurope.TheNaziPartyruledGermanyfrom1933to1945.Oneoftheirkey3(policy)was_4_(kill)alltheJewsinEurope.Ifanypersons5(know)tobeJewswerefound,theywouldbesenttoconcentrationcampfarthereast,mostlyinPoland.Familieswereseparatedandtransportedintrains.Formanydays,theywent6food,water,sanitationorfreshair._7_(avoid)thisterriblefate,someJewishfamilieswentintohiding,oftenwiththehelpof8(Jewish)friends.Thisdiarywaswrittenduringthetime9Anneandherfamilymovedtoescapefrom10byNazis.,1.in2.occupied3.policies4.tokill5.known6.without7.Toavoid8.non-Jewish9.when10.beingkilled,Inonlyfiftyyears,English1(develop)intothelanguagemost2(wide)spokenandusedintheworld.Englishistheworkinglanguageofmostinternationalorganizations,internationaltradeandtourism.BusinessmenandtouristsoftencometoChinawithoutbeingabletospeak3.Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.Englishisalsothelanguageof4(globe)culture,suchaspopularmusicandtheInternet.YoucanlistentoEnglishsongs5theradio6useEnglishtocommunicate7peoplearoundtheworldthroughtheInternet.Withsomanypeople8(communicate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbecome9(important)tohave10goodknowledgeofEnglish.,1.hasdeveloped2.widely3.Cmunicating9.moreandmoreimportant10.a,MynameisWangKun.Sincemiddleschool,mysisterandI1(dream)about2(take)agreatbiketrip.Whenwegraduatedfromcollege,wefinallygotthechancetodoit.It3mysister4firsthadtheideatocyclealong5MekongRiverfrom6itbeginstowhereitends.TheDailiveneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthat7(call)theMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.Sheinsistedthatwe8(find)thesourceoftheriver.Shegavemea9(determine)look.OnceShehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogive10,1.havedreamed2.taking3.was4.that5.the6.where7.iscalled8.find9.determined10.in,At3:42a.m.everythingbegantoshake.Itseemed1theworldwas_2_anend!Elevenkilometers_3_(direct)belowthecitythegreatestearthquakesofthe20thcenturybegan.ItwasheardinBeijing,_4_isonehundredkilometersaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecut_5_houses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfrom6(hole)intheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedor_7_(injure)duringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilies8(kill)andmanychildrenwereleft_9_parents.Thenumberofpeople10werekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.,1.that;2.at;3.directly;4.which;5.across;6.holes;7.wereinjured;8.werekilled9.without;10.who,MynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.Thetime_1_IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.