高二英语非谓语动词教案

非谓语动词,动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一、不定式：,Itishardformetodothework.作主语Hewantstospeakatthemeeting.作宾语Ihavealotofworktodo.作定语,Heaskedmetofinishitintime.作宾补Myjobistohelpthepatient.作表语,Heistooyoungtogotoschool.作结果状语,Weweresurprisedtofindhimthere.作原因状语Hespokeloudlytomakeherselfheard.作目的状语,Hewenttohishome,onlytofindhewasout.出乎意料的结果特点,1）不定式短语做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，（例1）,2）不定式作宾语，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语，请看下句：,IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.,3)不定式作宾补，在feel,hear,listento,lookto,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语，不定式不带to,但这些句子变成被动结构就必须带to.二、动名词：,动名词形式由“动词+ing”构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作,主语，表语，宾语和定语。请看例句：,1）Collectinginformation(收集信息）isveryimportanttobusinessmen.作主语2)Itisnousearguingwithhim.(与他争论）作主语,3）Shefinishedreadingthebook(看完这本书）yesterday.作宾语4)Hehasareadingroom.(书房）作定语特点：,1.在itisnouse/good,noanyuse/good,useless等后须用动名词作主语，泛指抽象动作.2在finish,mind,enjoy,pactise,avoid,imagine,consider,feellike,keep,prevent,risk,suggest,等词后，一定用动词的ing形式。,3.在forget,goon,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，请看下列句型：1）我记得读过这本书.,Irememberreadingthebook.(指过去的动作）Imustremembertoreadthebook.(指将来的动作）,2）我要设法提高我的英语口语。IlltrytoimprovemyspokenEnglish.,敲门没人答应，试着敲后门。Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.3)不要讲话。Stoptalking.,他停下来讲话。Hestoppedtotalk.,4)我没打算伤害你。Ididntmeantohurtyou.,错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.4.动名词和不定式结构在意义上区别：动名词形式表示一般习惯，抽象概念，或已成过去的动作，不定式表示的往往是具体的或特定的动作，也可表示现在或将来的动作。,Playingwithfireisdangerous.,（泛指玩火）,Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具体动作）Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.指抽象动作Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.具体动作Hehasforgottenseeingmebefore.指已成过去的动作ImustremembertoremindJohnthatthegardenneedswatering指将来的动作三、分词：现在分词和过去分词1分词的时态和语态。现在分词：1）有一般式和完成时，一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2）完成时（having+过去分词）表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Whenhewasastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.,Being,astudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.,Afterhehaddonehishomework,hewenttobed.,Havingdone,hishomework,hewenttobed.,3)当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，,就用动词完成时的被动形式。,Thequestionwhichisbeingdiscussedisimportant.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.,Ashehadbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.,过去分词：过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成式。,2.分词的用法：1.作定语：,站在窗旁的那个男人是我们的老师。,Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.,被污染的空气河水对人体有害。,Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeopleshealth.,请注意：如果现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动词有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而用定语从句。,Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.,2.作状语:,1)Whilehewasreadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.,Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.,2)SinceIamastudent,Imuststudyhard.,Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.,Aswewerenotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.,Notsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.,3)Iftimepermits,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.,Ifheisallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.,Ifallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.,4)Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.（说说笑笑）,Heenteredtheroom,followedbyhisgirlfriend(后面跟着女朋友）,3.作宾补:,Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.（做实验）IveneverheardthesongsunginEnglish.(用英语唱）,4.作表语：,Thenewsisinspiring（令人鼓舞）,Heissurprised.(他很吃惊),特点：,1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致.,2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引导。,3.有时“with(without)+名词（或代词宾格）+分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。,eg.1)Withhishomeworkfinishedaheadoftime,hebegantoplaycomputer.,2)Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.4.分词短语作状语时，若句子主语不是它的逻辑主语（即两边主语不一致）通常在它前面加上它的主语，构成独立主格结构。Allmymoneystolen,Ihadtowalkwithoutbuyinganything.Timepermitting,（时间允许的话）Iwillfinishanotherlesson,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语,动名词分词不定式,EXERCISES：不定式作宾补1.Theywouldnotallowhim_A_acrosstheenemyline.,A.toriskgoing,B.riskingtogo,C.forrisktogo,D.riskgoing,ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wishwant,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge等等动词后可接不定式作宾补。2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_A_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.,A.cry,tocry,B.crying,crying,C.cry,cry,D.tocry,cry,使役动词make,let只接不带to的不定式作宾补。Letmedoitforyou.3.Asyouveneverbeentherebefore,Illhavesomeone_B_youtheway.,A.toshow,B.show,C.showingD.showed,IhadmyTVsetrepairedyesterday.Donthavehimwaitingintherainforsolong.4.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_D_,madam.,A.beweighed,B.tobeweighed,C.toweigh,D.weighed,5.Itsverycold.Letsmakeafire_B_ourselves.,A.warmB.towarm,C.warmingD.warmed,6.Ihaveasuggestion_C_atthemeeting.,A.putforward,B.puttingforward,C.toputforwardD.tobeputforward,have(有),make(“做”等非使役意义)时接带to的不定式作定语或目的状语7.InAustralia,hemadealotoffriends_B_averypracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.,A.getB.togetC.getting,D.got,8.ImgoingtoShanghainextweek.Haveyouanything_D_toyourparents?,A.tobuy,B.tobebought,C.totakeD.tobetaken,9.Themissingboywaslastseen_A_near,theriver.,A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay10.Theboywhowascaught_B_intheexaminationwillbepunishedbytheteacher.,A.Cheat,B.cheating.,C.tocheatD.cheated,11.Thestrangeryousaw_B_withabigtravellingbagstayedinRoom104yesterday.,Atocomein,B.comein,C.hascomein,D.whocamein,1)感官动词，2）“致使”动词have,get,keep,leave12.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatched_C_.A.bicyclesrepairedB.bicyclestoberepaired,C.bicyclesbeingrepaired,D.torepairbicycles,13.Whodidtheteacherhave_C_anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?,A.written,B.writing,C.writeD.towrite,注意这一结构的活用。Isawthebikebeingrepaired.Isawthebikerepaired.Weoftenheardthesongbeingsung.不定式作状语14.InordertoimproveEnglish,_.A.JennysfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny.D.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennysfather不定式作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。1Illwritedownhistelephonenumberinordertocallhimwhennecessary.2Inordernottobelate,wetookataxiinsteadofabus.3Shelivedtobeover100.4Shewasnotoldenoughtounderstandallthat.5WeareproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.15.Weshouldpreventpollution_B_happily.,A.fromliving,B.tolive,C.living,D.toliving,16.Imexaminingthecompositionhehasjustfinished_A_thepossiblemistakesinit.,A.tocorrectB.correctC.corrected,D.correcting,17.Thedaywelookforwardto_C_atlast.,A.come,B.coming,C.came,D.tocome,动名词18.Idontmind_C_bybus,butIhate_inqueues.,A.traveling;stand,B.totravel;tostand,C.traveling;tostand,D.traveling;tostanding,19.-WhendidyougotoShanghai?-Iremember_B_therewhenIwasachild.,A.havingtaken,B.havingbeentaken,C.tobetaken,D.taken,20.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_C_.,A.catching,B.tobecaught,C.beingcaught,D.tocatch,21._C_tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.,A.Expose,B.HavingexposedC.Beingexposed,D.Afterbeingexposed,22.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_C_acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.,A.sail,B.tosail,C.sailing,D.tohavesailed,动名词的复合结构：动名词的逻辑主语+动名词Maryscomplainingannoyedhim.Idontmindhimcoming.23.Whatworriedtheboywas_B_tovisithisfatherinthehospital.,A.hisnotallowing,B.hisnotbeingallowed.,C.hisbeingnotallowed,D.havingnotbeenallowed,分词24.Thefirsttextbooks_A_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage,wereproducedinthe16thcentury.,A.written,B.tobewritten,C.beingwritten,D.havingwritten,25.Thisisoneoftheproblems_D_atthemeetingatpresent.,A.discussed,B.discussing,C.tobediscussed,D.