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2TheNCProgrammingProcess,Someterms:ASCIIencodingBackplotCommunicationDistributednumericalcontrol(DNC)EndofblockFileLocalareanetwork(LAN)OfflineprogrammingOnlineprogrammingSerialport,SolidverificationAppreciateGenericHigh-endRelevanceSingleblockParityDryrunCommonsenseDistillationFeed,Someterms:SlotCoordinateVerificationRenderExtinctEvolutionChecklistGougeConsistentBoltSpotPlunge,UnintentionalExcessiveSolidmodelAdequateSpinTapOffsetAssembleDimensionFixtureLull,2.1WritinganNCpartprogram,Example:WriteaNCpartprogramtoproducethetoolpathforthestair-stepslot,showninFigure2-1.,Firstly:,Weshouldfindthelocationofeachkeypointinthedesiredtoolpath.Simplyput,weshoulddetermineeachkeypointscoordinate,showninrightfigure.,Secondly:,Planningthecuttingpath.Tomachinetheslot,thefirststepistopositiontheendmilltopointP1andplungethetooltotheproperdepth.Next,movetheendmilltothenextsixpointstoproducetheslot.Finally,pullthetooloutoftheslotatP7andmovethetooltoanout-of-waypoint.,Thirdly:editthepartprogram,O0201N10G20G40G49G54G80G90G98N20M06T05N30G43H05N40M03S1200N50G00X0.5Y0.5N60G00Z.2N70G01Z-.25F5.0N80G01X1.5Y.5,N90G01X1.5Y1.5N100G01X2.5Y1.5N110G01X2.5Y2.5N120G01X3.5Y2.5N130G01X3.5Y3.5N140G01Z.2N150G91G28X0.0Y0.0Z2.0N160M05N170M30,Someexplanation:,Block:usually,eachlineofthecodeiscalled“block”whichbeginswithletter“N”andlinenumber.N50G00X_Y_G00isthecodeusedtoperformrapidtraverse.N80G01X_Y_G01isthecodeusedtomakethetooltomovefromonepointtoanotherpointataspecifiedvelocity,andG01alwaysfollowsastraightline.,4.Thepartprogramcanbetypedinatthecontrolofmachinetool.Thismethodisreferredtoasonlineorshopfloorprogramming.ThecodecanalsobetypedonaPC,savedasatextfile,andthenmovetomachinetool.Wecallthisofflineprogramming.Standardtexteditorcanbeusedtoinputthecode,forexample,notepad(shipwiththewindowsOS).SpecialtexteditorsarealsoavailablethataredesignedforNCprogramming.,2.3Testinganddebugging,Inordertotestthepartprogram,weusuallyuseaverificationsoftwaretosimulatethefunctioncode.Therearetwokindofsoftwareavailable:ToolpathbackplottingSolidverification,2.4Transferringtheprogramtothemachinetool,Transferringthroughtheserialcommunication:(seeFigure2-7andFigure2-8)RS-232serialcableComputerrunningcommunicationsoftwareSerialportProtocol2.DistributedNumericalControl3.LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)numericalcontrolsystem,2.4ProvingTheNCProgramonTheMachineTool,Itiscriticalthateveryprogrambesafelytestedbeforeweallowittorunatfullspeedthroughablockofrealmaterial.Donotbelulledintoastateofover-confidence,evenifyouhavesimulatedtheprogramonaPC.Someerrorsmightnotbecaughtuntiltheprogramisrunonaactualmachinetool.Thefollowingarethecommonmistakesandthestepsinprogramproving.,Commonmistakes,Spindlewasnotturnedonbeforethecut;Toolswasnotreturnedtoasafepositionabovethepartbeforemovingtothenextpocket;Coolantwasnotturnedonbeforethecut;Fixtureorviseinterferedwithtoolpath;Toolpathsoutoforder;Incorrecttoolinstalled;Wrongtooloffset;Improperspeedorfeedentered;,Stepsinprogramproving,VerifythecodeonaPC;Completeaprogramtestingchecklist;Loadtheprogramontothemachinetoolandrunagraphicalsimulationifitisavailable;Performadryrun;Performatestcutonasetuppieceorprototypingmaterialwithreducedspeedsandfeeds;Inspecttheworkpieceandadjustanyoffsetstocuttheproperdimension;RunthefirstpartinAutomaticmode;,TestingModes,AtypicalCNChasanumberoffeaturesdesignedtomakeprogramprovingsafeandeasy.ThefirstisdryrunmodeInthismode,theX-andY-axeswillmove,whilethetoolwillstayatapresetZpositionandthespindlewillbeturnon.,Thesecondisatestruninregularautomaticmode.Inthismode,thetoolwillnotcomeintocontactwithanymaterial.WecanmovingtheZ-offsetoftheworkpieceupbyseveralinchesorbythegreatestZ-depthfoundintheprogram.,Thethirdissingleblock.Inthismode,themachinestopattheendofeveryblockandwaituntiltheoperatorpushesthecyclestartbuttonagain.Thismethodsoundssimplistic,butmanymistakesarefoundthisway,andfewsetuppeoplewouldsignoffonasetupwithoutfirstrunningitinsingleblockmode.Duringthesingleblockasetuppersonwilluse“DistancetoGo”screenwhichshowsthedistancethatmustbetraveledineachaxistoreachtheendoftheworkpiece.,Programandsetupchecklist,Allrapidtraversemovesareabovethetopoftheworkpiece;Thetoolnumbersandoffsetsmatch;thetoolsinthemachinematchthoselistedonthesetupsheet;Alltoolshavebeentouchedoffandtheoffsetvaluesarereasonable;Plungecutsareperformedwithcenter-cuttingtools;Speedsandfeedsarereasonable;Thespindleisrotatinginthecorrectdirection;Coolantisinitiatedpriortocutting;,Roughingoperationsar
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