高考重难点名词性从句

名词性从句,*名词性从句的特点是从句都有关联词引导,从句的语序和陈述句的语序相同。,名词性从句,2.宾语从句,3.表语从句,4.同位语从句,1.主语从句,这是一本书。,Thisisabook.,陈述句,这是书吗？,Isthisabook?,疑问句,(1)连接词,whether,that,(2)连接代词,Who/whoever,Whom/whomever,whose,What/whatever,Which/whichever,(3)连接副词,when,why,where,how,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,1.主语从句：（subjectclause),在一个完整的句子里,主语部分还含有主谓两大部分结构的句子叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词不能省略。,例:谁去这不重要。,Whowillgoisnotimportant.,主语,例:我们需要的是更多的时间。,Whatweneedismoretime.,主语,例:他住在哪里我们都不知道。,Wherehelivesisunknowntous.,主语,例:不太清楚她为什么迟到。,Whyshewaslateisunclear.,主语,例:这本书怎么销售取决于它的作者。,Howthebookwillbesolddependsonitswriter.,1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,SubjectClause,主语从句,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowthatheisateacher.,宾语,宾语,2.宾语从句：(objectclause),用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。一般放在及物动词，介词后。连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose,连接副词when,why,where,how,连词that,whether,if引导。,例:我希望一切都好。,Ihope(that)everythingwillbeallright.,动宾,例:你知道他在哪里吗？,Doyouknowwhereheis?,动宾,例:老师清楚她为什么迟到了。,Theteacherhasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.,介宾,例:对于他说的话，我感到很惊讶。,Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.,介宾,例:我认为他们知道怎样做这个练习。,Ithoughtthattheyknewhowtodothisexercise.,动宾,*宾语从句从句中,连词that只起连接作用,没有实际作用,可以省略,而其他的关连词却不能省略。,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,连接词,when/where/why/how/because,that/whether/if,连接代词：,Who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,3.表语从句：,在连系动词之后的句子叫做表语从句。,例:问题是谁能去那里。,Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.,表语,例:那是他为什么迟到的原因。,Thatiswhyhewaslate.,表语,例:问题是我们什么时候得到答案。,Thequestioniswhenwellgettheanswer.,表语,例:问题不是谁去，而是谁留下来。,Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.,表语,4.同位语从句：,同位语从句起着进一步解释或说明它前面的名词的作用，通常由that或when/where/why/how/whether引导。同位语从句常与下列先行词一起出现：fact,truth,doubt,suggestion,idea,question,problem,hope,thought,fear等。,Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.,同位语从句,例:我们明天放假的消息不是真的.,Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.,同位语从句,1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonwascomingtoinspectthem.,3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,同位语从句,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,1._thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder_youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis_hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth_theearth_aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Practice,Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldntseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidntaskforthemansnameisapity.,PredictiveClause(表语从句),ObjectClause(宾语从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause同位语从句,Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem,“It”isusedasemptysubject,形式主语,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheyllstarttheproject.4.Itworriesherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.,Itslikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat据说/据报道Itseems/appears/happensthat显然、明显、碰巧.Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat已经通知/宣布Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying（俗话说）that,在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,Idontdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.,3个句子中的连词that,whether,if（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if仅可以用于宾语从句。,引导名词从句的关联词。,连接词,一、名词性从句的语序,（1）名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+陈述句,Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.,Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.,名词性从句考点归纳,b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that和what的选用,that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that/what,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.gwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.动词discuss后,if和whether的选用,不能使用if的情况：,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idontknow_broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_Ileftmyglasses.,When,who,what,where,that可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略,引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_heiscareless.4.Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/(that),1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+连接词+从句,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等,whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,fact、idea,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/whether/where/how,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.,定从,同从,同从,定从,AttributiveorAppositive,1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimwas_heoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentwas_hewasill.,why,that,that,that,Practicetime,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,Choosethebestanswer,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which,7.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how8.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that9.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because,10._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because11._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif,12.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that13.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon,14.-Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.-_itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak15.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what,16.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,doyouknow_?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes17.Hemadeapromise_anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif,18.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_mademattersworsewas_nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what,1.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It_Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat4.It_heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5.Thisis_shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis_wecantgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when,7.Thequestionis_itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis_weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam_atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe_regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12.