高级英语第三课Ships in the Desertppt课件

.,LessonThreeShipsintheDesert,.,Comparethefollowing:,Desert:n.deztwildness;wasteland;waterlessandtreeless,oftensandcovered;Desert:v.diz:tabandon;giveup;goawayfromDeserts:n.diz:ts(usu.pl.)whatsb.deservesDessert:n.diz:tcourseoffruit,etc.attheendofameal;(U.S.A)anysweetdish(e.g.pie,pudding,ice-cream)servedattheendofameal;(Gr.Brit.)thesweet,.,Forexamples,TheSaharaDesertThestreetsweredeserted.Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenandwentabroad.Theyarerewarded(punished)accordingtotheirdeserts.Somepeoplefailedtogettheirdeserts.Heisamanofdeserts.Dessertforkknifespoonwine,.,1.Introductionabouttheauthor,AlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.Vice-President(1992-2000)underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGoresbookEarthintheBalance,.,AlGoresprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrosshistory,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligion.,.,Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.,.,.,WhydidthewritergototheAralSea?Whatdidheseethere?,.,.,SomeProperNames,TheAralSea:咸海(seeNote2)GreatLakes:五大湖(seeNote3)Trans-AntarcticMountains:南极山脉(seeNote4)FourOceans:theAtlanticPacificIndianArcticOceanSevenContinents:Asia;NorthAmerica;Africa;Europe;Australia;Antarctica;SouthAmericaAntarcticPeninsula:南极半岛，又名GrahamLand旧名为PalmerPeninsula,.,SomeProperNames,ArcticCircle:北极圈Mid-nightsun:午夜太阳(seeNote8)Ozonedepletion:臭氧层空洞(seeNote16)Ozoneisanunstable,pale-bluegas,O3withapenetratingodor.Depletionmeansthegradualusingupordestructionofcapitalassertsesp.ofnaturalresources.Thepolarregion:南北极地区attheverybottomoftheearth;attheotherendofourplanet;AntarcticasoneendandArcticastheotherend.,.,SomeProperNames,ClearAirAct:净化空气法案(seeNote5)oneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheUSaswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest(themostvaluable),andthemostcontroversial,.Itwaspassedin1970.Theglacier:冰河、冰川n.aslowlymovingriverormassoficeandsnowthatformsinareaswheretherateofsnowfallconstantlyexceedstherateatwhichthesnowmelts.Thepolaricecap：极地冰帽Submarinesonartracks:水下声纳系统探测Noctilucentcloud:夜光云彩Translucent:adj.Partiallytransparent,asfrostedglass,.,SomeProperNames,Latitude:纬度Inhighnorthernlatitudes在北纬高纬度地区（距离赤道很远的地区）Highlatitudes;lowlatitudes：低纬度地区（距离赤道很近的地区）Warmcoldlatitudes;southnorthlatitudeEquator:赤道Equatorial:oforneartheequatorLongitude：经度Altitude:height,esp.abovesea-level.Cf.attitude:thepositionormannerofstandingofthebody;amanneroffeelingandbehaving,.,Chlorofluorocarbons:CFC氟里昂,Chlorine氯Chlorocarbon氯碳化合物Fluorine:氟Chlorofluorocarbon:anyofaseriesofgaseousorlow-boiling,inert,nonflammablederivativesofmethaneorethane,usedasrefrigerantsandsolventsandaspropellantsinaerosolproducts,.,(oflight)thatisbeyondthepurpleendoftherangeofcolors(spectrum)thatmakeuplightthatcanbeseenbyhumanbeingsultravioletrays:紫外线ultra-:beyonde.g.ultrared（红外线的）,ultrashort（超短波的）,ultrasonic（超音波的）,ultramodern（极其现代化的）,ultraviolet:,.,Axiom:n.astatement,esp.onethatisshort,thatisgenerallyacceptedastrueanddoesntneedtobeproved.Itisanaxiomthatifequalsareaddedtoequalstheresultwillbeequal.等量加等量和相等，这是一条公理。Cf.maxim:n.aruleforgoodandsensiblebehavior,esp.whenexpressedinashortwell-knownsaying格言，箴言,例如：Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.,.,NOAA=nationaloceanicandaeronauticadministration国家海洋和大气局,.,.,ChinahassetuptwoscientificresearchstationsatTrans-AntarcticMountains:ZhongshanStationintheEastandGreatWallintheWest.,.,thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeinthesky,thesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozonedepletionahole:ozonedepletion臭氧层空洞,.,.,TochartthecourseofCO2emissionandtemperatureintheAntarctic,.,Amazonrainforest,TheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarthsremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare公顷(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld.,.,.,.,.,.,Whatdoesthewritercall“ghostsinthesky”?,“noctilucentclouds”This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappearswhentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdontseemnatural.,.,.,.,.,termite,.,Biomass：thetotalmassoflivingmatterwithinagivenunitofenvironmentalarea,.,Summaryofpara1-7,.,Classificationofenvironmentalthreatsintothreecategories,.,aquifer:anundergroundlayerofporous(多孔的)rock,sand,etc,containingwater,intowhichwellscanbesunk.,Seepage:渗漏；pore:气孔watertable:地下水位；saturate:渗漏,.,Summary,1.Theme:Bypresentingexamplesofthedeteriorationintheglobalecologicalsystem,theauthorsucceedsincreatingasenseofurgencyonthepartofreadersthatsomethingmustbedonetosaveourenvironment.Healsomakesitclearthatthemostimportantthingformantodoistodiscardhisobsoleteideasandtoadoptnewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.,.,Summary,2.threedevelopinglines(theauthordoesthefollowingthreethings):1).Presentingfacts(paras1-15);2).Examiningcauses(paras16-20);3).Findingasolution(paras21-end).Sothepassagecanroughlybedividedintothreepartsaccordingtotheaboveframework,.,Summary,3.methodsofdevelopment:Illustrationthinningoficecap,globalwarming,strangecloudsClassificationlocal,regional,strategicDefinitionmethanegas,pressureridge,noctilucentcloudCauseandeffectpopulationsurge,advancementofscienceandtechnologyComparisonandcontrastpastandpresentoftheAralSeaAnalogymilitarysystem,.,understatement:(astatementthatexpressesanideatooweakly),becausewithsandallaround,therewasnohope,nochanceofcatchinganyfish,letalonecatchingalotoffish.Comparingunderstatementandeuphemism:Theyaresimilarinfunctions.Whileeuphemismisoftenasetphraseusedforglorifyinganunpleasantortabooedsubject,understatementcoversamuchwiderrangewithoutsetforms.,.,Euphemismisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggeststhunpleasant.Itsfunctionistogivebettersoundingnametoelevatesthunpleasantorimperfect,tosoftentheshockofrealityortocoverupdreadfulfacts.Understatementisusedtoexpressanideatooweaklytoreplacestrongwordwithweaktermssuchas:usingabit,ratherorprettyinsteadofvery.Itcansometimescreatehumorousorironiceffect.,.,Examples:Generalstatement:Wecansolvethisproblem.Understatement:Thisproblemisnotaboveus.这个问题难不住我们。Someoftheitemsaregood,othersmightbebetter.(arenotgoodenough)有些不那么精彩。Heisamannotwithoutambition.(havingsomeambition)他不是一个没有抱负的人。,.,Writingfeatures:,1.aformalwritingofexposition2.usingtransitionalexpressionstolinksentencesandparas3.usingtechnicalterms4.usingfigures5.usingmilitaryexamples6.usingsynonyms7.usingrhetoricaldevices,.,4.Languageappreciation,Theauthordevelopedthisexpositionbythecauseandeffectmethod.Hechosetypicalexamplestosupporthisideas.Tomakehiswritingclear,vividandforceful,heusedfiguresofspeechsuchasunderstatement,alliteration,metaphor,rhetoricalquestionandmetonymy.,.,Languageappreciation,Hisformalstyle,serioustoneaswellasmilitarymetaphorsindicatedthatenvironmentalprotectionisakindofwar.Althoughthiswritingisaboutascientificresearchontheenvironment,thewriterusesveryfewtechnicaltermssothatordinarypeoplecanunderstanditeasily.,.,5.Summaryofthewordsandphrases:,Wordsofgeneraluseagoodcatchdivertcomparabletodockatrestunderlyingcause,dominantcausesampleremotestandleastaccessibleplaceinexorablechangeinsuchquantities,insuchvolume,.,threat,threaten,buildup,increase,accelerationofaccelerateexponentiallyatstaketransform,reshape,pervasive,spreading,prevailing,prevalentdiscardassumptionyardstick,.,WordsofArea,TheAralAntarcticafrigidArcticOceanNorthandSouthPolesTheequatorAmazonrainforestlocal,regional,global(context),.,WordsofEnvironmentalcrisis,imagesofdestruction,distressingimagespollution,contaminationmonitortheairchartthecoursemeasurementsgraphpickupspeedglobalwarmingpolaricecap,thinningcaphole,oz