高三语法总复习连词和状语从句

高三语法总复习,连词和状语从句,连词,连词是一种虚词，在句子中起到连接词与词、句与句的作用。连词有两类：从属连词和并列连词。前者引导状语从句；后者连接两个互不依从的词、短语或分句。（Wemaybeleavingtodayortomorrow./Shellbebackeitherthisweekornextweek./Iwentandshewentalso.）此外还有引导其他从句的连词that,whether,连词,常用的从属连词,连词,常用并列连词,要点,正确理解全句意思，分清主从句的逻辑关系正确理解连词含义，根据句意选择适当连词,易错常考点,1、两个句子之间只能有一个连词从属连词（if，when，because等），不与并列连词（and，but等）并用。because与so不能同时出现although与but不能同时出现2、主将从现3、because、as、since和for的区别4、when、while和as的区别5、whatever与nomatterwhat，wh-+ever的词与nomatter+其相应的疑问词的区别,易错常考点,6、before和since的区别7、sothat：目的与结果；sothat8、as引导的让步状语从句9、连词及其同义的短语的区别because与becauseofincase与incaseof10、一词多义（如：as、since、while等）；与其它从句的区别,状语从句,状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，按意思可分时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。,时间状语从句,通常由从属连词when,whenever,as,while,before,after,assoonas,till/until,since,once以及hardly/scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment/minute/instant(that),every/eachtime等表达方式引导重点掌握以下几组连词用法上的区别。,as,when&while,Jillslippedwhen/as/whileshewasgettingoffthebus.as1.cf.Thedoorbellrangwhile/whenwewereasleep.Shegotmarriedwhenshewas23.(notas,它表时间时用在描述动作和发生事件的句子中)Aswewereasleep,wedidnthearthedoorbell.（在描述状态或情形的句子中as表示原因）2.WewavedgoodbyetoLizasshedroveawayinhercar.(同时),as,when&while-as，when,3.IbegantoenjoythejobmoreasIgotusedtoit.(随着)4.JustasIsatdown,thephonerang.when1.Iwasabouttogowhenthetelephonerang.2.Whenwegottothecinema,themoviehadbegun.(在描述先后发生的动作的句子中只用when),as,when&while-while；till/until,1.Whileweweretalking,hewasreadingnewspapers.(延续性动作；可用).Ilikemusic,whileheprefersreading.till/until1.Iworkedtill/untilhecameback.(持续性动作)2.Ididntgotobeduntil/tillhecameback.(瞬间动词)3.Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.(句首),其他连词引导的时间状语从句,before它引导的从句不用否定式谓语。常译为“就”，“才”,”还来不及。就。”Itwillbe5yearsbeforewemeetagain.Itwontbelongbeforeyouunderstandthat.Hefelldownfromtheladderbeforeheknewwhathadhappened.Theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.,Before&since,Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+现在时动词Itwasnotlongbefore+过去时动词Itwas+时间段+before+过去时动词*Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+过去时动词Itwas+时间段+since+过去完成时动词,Before&since,Itwasseveralminutesbeforewerealisedwhatwashappening.Itwillbeawhilebeforeweknowtheresults.*Itwasexactlyfiveyearssinceherfatherhaddied.Itis3dayssinceshecamehere.,其他连词引导的时间状语从句,hardly/scarcelywhen/nosoonerthan主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。位于句首时，需用倒装语序。Ihadhardlyreachedthehallwhentheconcertbegan.HardlyhadIreachedthehallwhentheconcertbegan.,地点状语从句,wherever语气较强，多用于书面语。注意与修饰表示地点名词的定语从句区分Pleaseputthebookwhereitbelongs.Pleaseputthebookattheplacewhereitbelongs.,原因状语从句,because,as,since,for&nowthat的区别语气强弱次序：because,since,as1.-WhyisTomabsent?-Becauseheisill.2.Ididnthelphim,notbecauseIwasunwillingbutbecauseIwasunableto.3.ItisbecauseTomisillthathedidntgowithus.4.only,just,simply,partly+becauseYoushouldntlookdownuponamanjustbecauseheispoorlydressed.,原因状语从句,as(由于，因为)引导的从句一般放在主句之前，说明原因，后边的主句说明结果。主从句的内容A同等重要。在主句之后时，语气更弱；类似一中附带的说明，在口语中使用较多。Astherewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.IgothomelateasIhadtowalkallthewayhome.,原因状语从句,since（既然，因为）表示明显的或已知的理由，原因。从句的意思是次要的。主句使全局的重心所在。从句位于主句之后时语气较强。Sincehecantanswerthequestion,youdbetterasksomeoneelse.nowthat与since,as同义。但它用来说明一种新情况，然后再加以推论，主从句的因果关系很小，而since,as连接的句子因果关系比较明显。that口语中可省。Now(that)alltheguestshavearrived,letshavedinner.,原因状语从句,for是表示因果关系的并列连词，表示对主句内容的补充说明（可和because替换）或表示一种推测判断（不可用because）。它引导的从句不能放在句首；需有逗号与主句隔开。Heseldomgoesout,forheistooold.Hemustbeasleepnow,forthereisnolighton.注意：以上连词不能与so同时使用。,目的状语从句,常由sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat(唯恐，以免),incase(唯恐，以免)等连词或起连词作用的词组引导。从句中的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should等情态动词，通常主句在前，从句在后，中间没有逗号。Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Ihidthebookforfearthatheshouldseeit.,目的状语从句,Sheexplainedagainandagainincaseherfriendsshouldmisunderstandher.IdontwanttogoouttonightincaseAnnphones.Illdrawamapforyouincaseyoucantfindourhouse.WeboughtsomemorefoodincaseTomcame.Werangthebellagainincasetheyhadnthearditthefirsttime.(从句中不用将来时态),结果状语从句,常由sothat,suchthat,sothat,so引导。1.cf.Shehurried,sothatshecaughtthebus.Shehurriedsothatshecouldcatchthebus.2.such+(a/an)+(adj.)+n.thatHespokeinsuchawaythatwecouldnthelplaughing.Wehavesuchdifficultquestionsthatwedontknowwhattodo.,结果状语从句,3.so+adj.+a/an+n.thatItissohotadaythatwewanttogoswimming.4.so+many/much/few/little+n.thatHegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.5.so+adj./adv.+thatSomepeopleweresomovedbythesightthattheybegantocry.,条件状语从句,常由if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas,suppose,supposingthat,provided/providingthat引导。if可以引导真实条件或非真实条件句。注意时态。Ifwecatchthe10oclocktrain,wewillgetthereontime.Ifyouwillwaitafewmoreminutes,thedoctorwillseeyou.IfIwereyou,Iwouldntdothat.,条件状语从句,unless从句中不要使用否定形式。Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.Provided/Providingthatitisfine,weshallgo.Iwillgothereonconditionthatmyfamilygotoo.Supposingthathecantcome,whowilldothework?,方式状语从句,常由as,asif/though引导。Theprofessortoldthestudentstodoashedid.Hewalkedasif/thoughheweredrunk.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.,比较状语从句,常由asas,notso/asas,than引导。注意：比较的东西是一样的Marysvoiceisassweetasthatofabird.倍数的表达法Thishouseis3timesaslargeasthatone.,让步状语从句,由although,though,as,eventhough/if(即使，纵然。多用于书面语),wh-/how+ever,nomatter+wh-/how引导.although/though/eventhoughAlthough/thoughitwasrainingheavily,wekeptonworking.Althoughheispoor,heisverygenerous.Poorasheis,Childasheis,让步状语从句,Thehouseisntverynice.Ilikethegardenthough.（可是，尽管如此）Iseehimeveryday.Iveneverspokentohimthough.cf.Hewillnotreveal(泄露)thesecretevenifheknowsit.(他可能不知道)Hewillnotrevealthesecretthoughheknowsit.(他肯定知道),让步状语从句,eventhough比although语气强。EventhoughIwasreallytired,Icouldntsleep.Wewentoutalthoughitwasraining.Wewentoutinspiteof/despitetherain.cf.Whatever/Nomatterwhathappens,dontgiveup.Iwilldowhateveryouaskmetodo.,让步状语从句,让步状语从句和主句之间不可再用but等纯并列连词，但可用yet,still,nevertheless等连