英语四级考试 英文应用文.ppt

PracticalEnglishWriting,Contents,Part1IntroductionofEnglishLetterPart2SocialCorrespondence社交书信Part3ApplicationforaJob就业申请,PartIEnglishLetterWriting,1.IntroductiontoLetterWriting2.PartsofEnglishLetters3.FormsofEnglishLetters4.OpeningandConcludingSentencesofEnglishWriting5.HowtoAddressEnvelopes,1.IntroductiontoLetterWriting,Therearethreebasickindsofletters:personal,socialandbusiness.Theusesofbusinesslettersaremany:toapplyforajob,toseekadmissiontoacollege,etc.Theyarequiteformalandhaveastandardformat.Towriteitwell,youhaveto1.Putyourselfinyourreadersshoes(从读者角度出发);2.Usethecorrectletterform;3.Sticktotheprinciples-clarity(清楚),conciseness(准确),completeness(完整),consideration(体谅),andcourtesy(礼貌).,2.PartsofEnglishLetters,英文书信一般可由信头、信内地址、称呼、信的正文、结束语、签名、信封几个基本要素组成。根据实际需要，还可以加上附件等要素。信头(Heading)信头又称信端，一般写在信纸的右上角，包括寄信人通信地址和写信日期。第一行先写寄信人的门牌号码，再写街道名称；第二行先写县市名称，再写省份名称，往右空两个字母宽的位置，再写上邮政编码。如果信是寄给国外的，寄信人还应该写第三行，这行写自己国家的名称，最后一行写写信的日期。每行的后面可用标点符号，也可以不用。如用，前面几行的末尾都用逗号，写信日期的后面则用句号，如：ShanghaiNo.1MiddleSchool,Shanghai200062,P.R.China,Nov.8,2005.,Back,信内地址(InsideAddress)信内地址位于左上角。在信头之后，下空两三行，从左边顶格处写起。第一行写称呼和姓名，第二行写收信人的单位名称，第三行写地址，地址中每个词的首字母要大写，如：Dr.DavidFullerGraduateStudiesNorthernStateUniversity1200SouthJayStreetAberdeen,SD57401-7198U.S.A.,Back,称呼(Salutation)在正式公文中，一般用Formal(正式)的称呼；在半公半私信件中，可用Lessformal（次正式）的称呼；在社交信件中，尤其是亲属与好友之间的通信，可用Informal（非正式）的称呼。信的正文(TheBodyoftheLetter)一般来说，一封好的英文书信应符合正确、简洁、明了、礼貌这几个基本要求。书信的格式也有平头和缩头之分，在平头里，每段每行的首字母与称呼及信内地址的首字母垂直排齐，每段之间的段距比行距要大一些，一般为两行；在缩行式里，每段第一行首字母应往右缩进两三个字母，每段之间的段距与行距相等。不论是平头式还是缩行式，书信正文应从称呼之下两三行处开始。,结束语(ComplimentaryClose)事务信件中常用的结束语有：Trulyyours,Yourstruly,Respectfullyyours,Yoursrespectfully,Faithfullyyours,Yoursfaithfully,Sincerelyyours,Yourssincerely,社交信件中常用的结束语有：Sincerelyyours,Yourssincerely,Affectionatelyyours,Yoursaffectionately,Obedientlyyours,Yoursobediently,Intimatelyyours,Fondlyyours,Yoursdevotedfriend,Yours,Everyours,Asever,Lovinglyyours,Lovingly,签名(Signature)写信人要在结束语下面签名，以表示对信件中的全部内容负责。签名和结束语应写在正文之下两三行中间偏右位置，但现在为了打字方便，很多人将这两个部分分别打和签在信纸左端、正文之下两三行处，与信内地址、称呼以及正文各段的左端垂直排齐，如：Sincerely_Signature(签名)DavidRaymondChairmanOrganisingCommitteeoftheConference,附言（Postscript）可以用P.S.补上遗漏的话。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方，应与正文齐头。在正式的信函中，应避免使用附言。附件（Enclosure）信件如果有附件，可在信纸的左下角，注上Encl:或Enc:。如果附件不止一项，应写成Encls:或Encs:。,3.FormsofEnglishletters,1.BlockForm（并列式/封闭式/齐头式)15ChashanRoadGuangzhou,China5May,2007GeorgeSmith28St.JohnsSquareLondonDearMr.Smith,_Yourssincerely,(Signature),2.IndentedForm(斜列式/缩进式）要求信头和收信人地址均比上一行缩进一点，成倒梯形。正文每段起行均向右缩进五个字母。,IndentedForm,15ChashanRoadGuangzhou,China5May,2008GeorgeSmith28St.JohnsSquareLondonDearMr.Smith,_Yourssincerely,(Signature),3.ModifiedForm(折衷式/混合式）信头和收信人地址上下各自对齐，正文每段起行向右缩进五个字母。最为普遍。,ModifiedForm,15ChashanRoadGuangzhou,China5May,2007GeorgeSmith28St.JohnsSquareLondonDearMr.Smith,_Yourssincerely,(Signature),4.OpeningandConcludingSentencesofEnglishWriting,Opening:1.IwasgladtoreceiveyourletterofMay42.WithgreatdelightIlearnthat3.AsIhavenotheardofyouforlong,Ifeelanxious.4.YourkindletterofSaturdayarrivedthismorning.5.Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat,Concluding:1.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.2.Ilookforwardtoournextmeeting.3.Yourkindearlyreplywillbeappreciated.4.Wontyouletushearfromyoupromptly?5.Thehelpyouofferedissincerelyvalued.,TheComplimentaryClose（结束语）,写给不熟悉的人、公司时结尾谦称可用：Yoursfaithfully/truly.写给认识的人：Yourssincerely,etc.写给长者、上级时可用：Yoursrespectfully/obediently,etc.,PartIISocialCorrespondence,1.LetterofInvitations邀请信2.LetterofThanks感谢信3.LetterofComplaints投诉信,1邀请信,结构要点:邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，包含三个方面：1.邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点；2.与该活动有关的注意事项；3.期待对方接受邀请，并可表示感谢。Directions:Writealettertooneofyourhighschoolclassmateswhoisinanearbycity,andinvitehim/hertoyourcityatthisweekend.Somenecessarydetailsmustbeincluded.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofyourletter,using“LiMing”instead.,DearLinda,Wehaventseeneachotherforsixyearsaftergraduation.IamsogladtohearthatyouhavegraduatedfromUCLAandcomebacktoworkinSuzhou.IfyouarefreethisSaturday,pleasecometoShanghaiandhaveagoodtimewithme.WecanfirstgototheCenturyPark,wheretheflowersareallinblossom.Letsgoboatingonthelakeisntitpleasantinthecoolbreeze?ThenIwilltreatyoutodinneratawesternrestaurantonHuaihaiRoaditissmallbutreallyniceImsureyouwillenjoyit.Afterdinner,letsgotoaconcertyouareamusiclover,arentyou?Ifyoucouldntcome,pleasenotifymebeforeFriday.Ifyoucan,pleasetellmewhichtrainyouwilltakeandIwillmeetyouattherailwaystation.Iamlookingforwardtomeetingyou.Sincerelyyours,LiMing,2感谢信,第一句话写清楚感谢的原因。接着叙述整个事情的细节，结尾表示再次感谢。语气保持友好，礼貌。开头段常用句式和套话Iamwritingtoextendmysinceregratitudefor.Iamwritingtoexpressmythanksfor.Iamwritingtoshowmysincereappreciationfor.Iwouldliketoconveyinthislettermyheartfeltthankstoyoufor.IfeeldeeplyindebtedtoyouandIreallydontknowhowtothankyouenoughforyourhelp.结尾段常用句式和套话Imustthankyouagainforyourgeneroushelp.Iammostgratefulforyourselflessdonation.Mytruegratitudeisbeyondthewordsdescription.Ifeelmostobligedtothankyouoncemore.Pleaseacceptmygratitude,nowandalways.,DearMrs.Benton,ThankyouverymuchforthosefourwonderfuldaysatShadyAcres(林荫庄园)！Everymomentwasadelight.Icantremembereverhavingenjoyedmyselfsothoroughlyelsewhere!ItisgoodofyouandDr.Bentontohaveinvitedme,andIdeeplyappreciateyourhospitality.Sincerelyyours,Henry,3投诉信开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，点明你写作的意图。主体段：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，或者讲具体理由，或者谈问题的具体体现方式。结束段：表达你希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢。,Directions:Supposethatyouorderedarefrigeratorbutlaterfoundaworryingproblem.Writealetterofcomplainttodescribethematterandrequiresettlement,Donotsignyourownnameattheendofyourletter,using“LiMing”instead.,DearSir,Iamhappythattherefrigeratorweorderedlastweekhasarrivedontime.Butitisagreatpitythatwefindthereissomethingwrongwiththerefrigerationfacilities.Afterweuseditforseveraldays.wefoundthatfoodstoredintherefrigeratingcompartmentturnedbadquickly.Whenwefinallydecidedtotakethetemperatureinit,weweresurprisedtofinditwasaround15,farfromthestandardtemperaturerangefrom0to9.Thisproblemhasaffectedournormallife.Wouldyoupleaseletmeknowwhetherornotyoucansendarepairmanassoonaspossible?Ihopethatmyproblemwillgetyourkindconsideration.Yoursfaithfully,LiMing,4求职信,1)LettersofApplication/PersonalStatement(求职信/自我介绍)2)Resume(简历),1)LettersofApplication/PersonalStatement,内容：年龄，教育，家庭情况，品行，能力，经历，性格，个人目标抱负等.避免概念化，尽量写得具体。如具体做过的工作,特别是要说明你所要申请的工作。申请信的第一段非常重要。要避免陈词滥调，要吸引雇主，迎合雇主的兴趣，同时要明确表明自己的态度。如：Ihavemadeacarefulstudyofyouradvertisingduringthepastsixmonths./Ihavemadeasurveyinmyneighborhoodtofindouthowmanyhousewivesuseyourproductandwhytheylikeit.StatethereasonforyourapplicationRequestaninterview/reply,ifnecessary.,DearSir/Madam:FromyouradvertisementinGuangzhouDaily,Iknowyourcompanyoffersamosttemptingjobtoayoungmanjustoutofcollege.IcantthinkofanyjobIdlikebetterthanconsumerresearchforafamousorganizationlikeyours.Ilookuponitasawonderfulopportunity.HereiswhatIcanofferyouinreturn:Iam22yearsofage,makeagoodappearanceandgetalongwellwithpeople.IspecializedinadvertisingandmerchandisingatSouthChinaNormalUniversity,fromwhichIgraduatedinJuneandIhaveunusuallettersofrecommendationfrommyinstructorsinthesesubjects.Ishouldliketheopportunityofshowingthemtoyou.,Ihaveaninquisitive（好学的）andanalyticalmind.Ienjoyfindingoutaboutthings.Ihaveagoodhumor,andtheabilitytodrawpeopleout.Perhapsyouwillagreethatthesequalities-plusenthusiasm,persistence,andthewillingnesstoworkhardandlong-makemeacceptableforthejobyouofferasabeginneroryourresearchstaff.AlthoughIhavehadnoactualexperienceinconsumerresearch,Iamfamiliarwiththeprocedure,andfullyunderstanditssignificanceinchartingbuyinghabitsandtrends.Ifpossible,pleasegrantmeaninterview,Icanbereachedat*(phonenumbers).Yoursfaithfully,John,Chen,2)Resume,MainParts:Thesepartsarecrucialtowritingresume:briefintroduction,jobobjective,qualifications,education,experience,personaldata,extracurricularactivitie