2017届高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

,阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意型,主旨大意型,我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题(mainidea,mainlyabout),目的(purpose)或标题(title)设题。,1)主题型的题干形式ThemainideaofthepassageisThepassageismainlyaboutWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)写作目的型的题干形式ThepassageismeanttoThepurposeofthisarticleistoTheauthorintendsto.Whatsthepurposeofthepassage?3)标题型的题干形式ThebesttitleforthepassagemightbeWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?,【设题形式】,【如何做主旨大意题】,1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词.,“主题句定位法”,主题句在段首,主题句在段末,首尾呼应,主题句在短文中间,(1)主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式，作者在首段常常亮出观点，表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句所以要认真阅读段落首句。,【典题范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Themainideaofthepassageis_.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?,A,论证性细节,2.Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFood,B,论证性细节,(2)主题句在段末有的主题句放到文章的末尾，先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，将主题引向高潮，起到总结作用，从而形成强有力的结论，这就要求考生耐心地读完全文。,【典题范析】1.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability，andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofoneswork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.Thepassagetellsusabout_oftheeducation.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetype,C,层层推理论证,2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.,A,层层推理论证,（3）首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.,【典题范析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.HecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimaginationItdoesntmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.,Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?_A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.,D,（4）主题句在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.,【典题范析】Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.,提出问题或现象,作进一步的解释,支撑或发展,继续陈述细节或引申,Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?_A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.,D,3)有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中（尤其是记叙文），让读者很难发现，这种情况难度较大，考生要通观全文，分清主旨细节，进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与题目有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。,【典题范析】Atthirteen，Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks，Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass，Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit，allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid，“Mrs.Smith，yousee，thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses，“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates，youngman.”Itried，butIdidntfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom，thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson，Louis,本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事,Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldntgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidntgiveup.Instead，heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点)，whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.WasntIthe“blind”inmyclass，beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students？Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed，Iwasnodifferentfromothers；Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems，whyshouldIevergiveup?IdidntexpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith，soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextdaywithan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”,Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_AThedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.BAteachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.COnecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.DEveryoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.,C,某个具体事实或细节,片面推出的错误结论,非文章事实的主观臆断,干扰项,4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,【典题范析】Sometimesyoullhearpeoplesaythatyoucantloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyoullhearpeoplesaythatyoucantexpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,youvegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatweretheappleofourparentseyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkweregreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesitsalothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimag