module5 a lesson in a lab教案_0

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TINGTHANTHATONETHISROOMISLESSBEAUTIFULTHANTHATONETHEWEATHERISGETTINGHOTTERANDHOTTERTHEHARDERYOUSTUDY,THEMOREYOUWILLMAKEPROGRESSHEWORKSTHEHARDESTINHISCLASSTHENCALLTHEANSWERSFROMTHECLASSANSWERS1原级2、3、4、5、6、均为比较级7最高级STEP2GRAMMARSTRUCTUREFIRSTLYASKTHESSTOMAKEASUMMARYABOUTTHESTRUCTURESOFTHEDEGREESOFCOMPARISONTHENCHECKTHEANSWERSANSWERS3FORMS原级、比较级和最高级。STEP3DETAILEDNOTESABOUTGRAMMARUSAGE原级的构成和用法1）构成形容词和副词的原级形式是形容词和副词的原形。2）用法当表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“AS原级ADJ/ADVAS”的结构；当表示双方不相等时，用“NOTASSO原级ADJ/ADVAS”的结构；当表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数AS原级ADJ/ADVAS”的结构。例如HEISASTALLASJACK/ISPEAKENGLISHASFLUENTLYASYOUYOURBIKEISNOTASSONEWASHERS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/31THISROADISTHREETIMESASLONGASTHATONE比较级和最高级的构成和用法1）构成规则变化单音节形容词以及少数以ER,OR结尾的形容词和副词加ER，EST例如FASTFASTERFASTESTFEWFEWERFEWESTGREATGREATERGREATESTCLEVERCLEVERERCLEVERESTNORROWNORROWERNORROWEST以E结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以BLE,PLE结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加R，ST例如LARGELARGERLARGEST,ABLEABLERABLEST,SIMPLESIMPLERSIMPLEST以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前面的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加ER，EST例如HOTHOTTERHOTTEST以辅音加Y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加LY构成的副词要将Y改写为I，再加ER，EST例如EASYEASIEREASIEST,HAPPYHAPPIERHAPPIESTEARLYEARLIEREARLIEST一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前MORE或精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创17/31MOST例如BEAUTIFULMOREBEAUTIFULMOSTBEAUTIFULCAREFULLYMORECAREFULLYMOSTCAREFULLY少数单音节或双音节形容词也加MORE和MOST构成比较级和最高级。例如TIREDMORETIREDMOSTTIREDPLEASEDMOREPLEASEDMOSPLEASEDCROWDEDMORECROWDEDMOSTCROWDED不规则变化原级比较级最高级GOOD,WELLBETTERBESTBAD,ILLWORSEWORSTMANY,MUCHMOREMOSTLITTLELESSLEASTOLDOLDER较老、较旧,ELDER（较年长）OLDEST最老、最旧，ELDEST最年长FARFARTER较远的,FURTHER进一步地FAREST（最远的）FURTHEST（最深刻地）注意辨析FEWFEWERFEWEST和LITTLELESSLEAST的差别前者是规则变化，后者是不规则变化；前者用来修精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创18/31饰可数名词，后者用来修饰不可数名词。2）用法比较级的用法双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级THAN”的结构表示。例如THISBOOKISBETTERTHANTHATONE表示一方不及另一方时，用“LESS原级ADJ/ADVTHAN”的结构表示。例如THISROOMISLESSBEAUTIFULTHANTHATONE表示一个方面随另一个方面的程度而变化时，用“THE比较级（主语谓语），THE比较级（主语谓语）”的结构。例如THEHARDERHEWORKS,THEHAPPIERHEFEELSTHEHARDERYOUSTUDY,THEMOREKNOWLEDGEYOUWILLGET表示自身程度的改变“越来越”时，用“比较级AND比较级”结构表示。如THEWEATHERISGETTINGCOLDERANDCOLDERTHELITTLEGIRLBECOMESMOREANDMOREBEAUTIFUL表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型A“倍数AS原级ADJAS被比较对象”，例如THISRIVERISFOURTIMESASLONGASTHATONE（这条河是那条河的四倍长）精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创19/31B“倍数THESIZELENGTH,WIDTH,DEPTH,HEIGHTOF被比较对象”，例如THISRIVERISFOURTIMESTHELENGTHOFTHATONE（这条河是那条河的四倍长）C“倍数比较级ADJTHAN被比较对象”，例如THISRIVERISTHREETIMESLONGERTHANTHATONE（这条河是那条河的四倍长/这条河比那条河长三倍）注意在比较级的前面可以加上如下一些表示程度的状语，但要注意其含义的差别。AANY加比较级,表示疑问程度，译为“一些”，“一点”。例如AREYOUFEELINGANYBETTERBNO/NOTANY加比较级,表示否定程度，译为“并不”。例如SOMEGROWNOHIGHERTHANYOURANKLESTHISFILMISNOTMOREINTERESTINGTHANTHATONECABIT,ALITTLE,SLIGHTLY加比较级,表示“稍微，一点（些）”。例如MAYISTAYHEREALITTLELONGERTHISPROBLEMISABITMOREDIFFICULTTHANTHATONEDMANY,MUCH,ALOT,GREATLY,BYFAR,RATHER,AGOODGREATD精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创20/31EAL等加比较级,表示“得多”。例如OURSCHOOLISMUCHMOREBEAUTIFULTHANTHEIRSTHEPEOPLEHEREAREAGREATDEALRICHERNOWTHANBEFORE附BYFAR通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“THE”。例如HEISTALLERBYFARTHANHISBROTHER/HEISBYFARTHETALLEROFTHETWOBROTHERSEEVEN,STILL加比较级,表示强调，译为“甚至更/还要”。例如HEGETSEVENSTRONGERJACKISTALL,BUTTOMISSTILLTALLERF“数词名词比较级”表示确定的程度。例如HEISFIVEYEARSOLDERTHANIIGOTUPANHOUREARLIERTHANTHEOTHERS最高级的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“THE最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如ZHANGHUAISTHETALLESTOFTHETHREEHEWORKSTHEHARDESTINHISCLASSTHETHREEGORGESAREAISONEOFTHEMOSTBEAUTIFULAREASOFCHINA精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创21/31最高级可被序数词以及BYFAR,BYNOMEANS,MUCH,NEARLY,ALMOST,NOTQUITE,NOTHINGLIKE等词语修饰。例如THEYANGTZERIVERISTHEWORLDSTHIRDLONGESTRIVERHOWMUCHDIDTHESECONDMOSTEXPENSIVEHATCOSTTHISHATISBYFAR/BYNOMEANS/MUCH/NEARLY/NOTNEARLY/ALMOST/NOTQUITE/NOTHINGLIKETHEBIGGEST注意A作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如HECAMETHEEARLIESTOFALLTHEBOYSBEXCELLENT优秀的、极好的，EXTREME（极端的），FAVOURATE最喜爱的，PERFECT（完美的）等词本身含有最高级的含义，所以它们没有比较级和最高级。C形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。HEISTHETALLESTBOYINHISCLASS使用形容词、副词的比较等级时要注意的几个问题在ASAS之间只能使用原级形容词（副词）。例如误IHAVEASLESSMONEYASYOUDO正IHAVEASLITTLEMONEYASYOUDO切忌采用双重比较比较级前可以用表示程度的修饰语来表示强调或程度，但精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创22/31不可用MORE加比较级形式。例如误HISHEALTHISMOREWORSETHANBEFORE正HISHEALTHISWORSETHANBEFORE应避免自我比较使用比较级时，进行比较的双方必须是互相分离、互不包含的独立概念或事物，否则比较就不合逻辑。例如误BAMBOOPROBABLYHASMOREUSESTHANANYPLANTINTHEWORLD正BAMBOOPROBABLYHASMOREUSESTHANANYOTHERPLANTINTHEWORLD附比较的另一方如果是不定代词ANYONE,ANYTHING,前面不能加OTHER,而要在其后加ELSE例如SHESTUDIESHARDERTHANANYONEELSEINHERCLASS但是，若比较的双方不属于同一范围，句中则不加OTHER。例如SHERUNSFASTERTHANANYBOYINHERCLASS表示“两者中较”时，比较级前要加THE。例如THEOLDEROFTHETWONOBLEMENTOOKALIGHTANDLEDMEINTOABACKROOM被比较的双方必须具有可比性。例如误THEREAREMORESTUDENTSINTHISSCHOOLTHANTHATSCHOOL精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创23/31正THEREAREMORESTUDENTSINTHISSCHOOLTHANINTHATSCHOOL连词THAN后使用代词主格和宾格有时意义不同。例如IKNOWYOUBETTERTHANHE我比他更了解你IKNOWYOUBETTERTHANHIM我对你的了解比对他的了解更透彻些（或“我比他更了解你”，此时与同义）。使用最高级时，主语不可被排除在最高级所指的范围之外。例如误HEISTHETALLESTOFALLHISBROTHERS正HEISTHETALLESTOFALLTHEBROTHERSMOST前面加不定冠词A/AN，或者不加冠词修饰形容词时，它的意思等于VERY。此时，MOST已失去最高级的意义。试比较AMOSTINTERESTINGFILM一部很有趣的电影/THEMOSTINTERESTINGFILM最有趣的电影STEP4PRACTICEEXERCISE1MAKESENTENCESABOUTTHECOMPARATIVESIZESOFTHEPAIRSUSETHEWORDSINTHEBRACKETSEXAMPLEITHINKTHEYANGTZERIVERISABOUT3TIMESASLONGASTHESONGHUARIVERORWECANSAYITHINKTHEYANGTZERIVER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