unit 1 friendship

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/9UNIT1FRIENDSHIPUNIT1FRIENDSHIPGRAMMARANDUSEFULSTRUCTURES1TEACHINGOBJECTIVESLEARNTOUSEDIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECH2TEACHINGIMPORTANTPOINTSUMMARIZETHERULESOFDIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECH3TEACHINGDIFFICULTPOINTLEARNABOUTTHESPECIALCASESINWHICHTHETENSESSHOULDNTBECHANGED4TEACHINGMETHODSDISCUSSING,SUMMARIZINGANDPRACTICING5TEACHINGPROCEDURESSTEP1WARMINGUPWARMINGUPBYDISCOVERINGUSEFULWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSSTEP2PRESENTATIONBOYSACTONECARTOONFIGUREANDSAYSSOMETHINGTEACHERASKS“WHATDIDHE/SHESAY”GIRLSACTTHEOTHERCARTOONFIGUREANDANSWERTHETEACHERSQUESTIONTHENBOYSANDGIRLSEXCHANGETHESHOESARETOOBIGFORME精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/9WHATDIDHESAYHESAIDTHESHOESWERETOOBIGFORHIMSTEP3GRAMMARTHESTUDENTSWILLLEARNTHEUSEOFDIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECHSTATEMENTSANDQUESTIONSFIRSTTRYTOMAKECLEARTOTHESTUDENTSWHATDIRECTANDINDIRECTSPEECHIS,WITHTHEHELPOFTHEPRACTICEINSTEPIIITHENGIVETHEMSOMEEXAMPLESATLASTGETTHEMTOSUMMARIZETHERULESOFDIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECHSTATEMENTSANDQUESTIONSTINTHISPART,WEARETOLEARNTHEUSEOFDIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECHSTATEMENTSANDQUESTIONSWHENDOWEUSEDIRECTSPEECHANDWHENDOWEUSEINDIRECTSPEECHTNOWLETSLOOKATTHESESENTENCESAGAINIFWEWANTTOCHANGEDIRECTSPEECHINTOINDIRECTSPEECH,WHATSHOULDBECHANGEDSSDISCUSSBYTHEMSELVESSSSENTENCESTRUCTURES,TENSES,PRONOUNS,ADVERBIALSOFTIMEANDPLACEANDVERBSSHOULDBECHANGEDTQUITERIGHTLOOKATTHEFORMONTHESCREENTHESEARETHERULES一、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1陈述句精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/9用连词THAT引导，THAT在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的SAID,也可用TOLD来代替，注意，可以说SAIDTHAT,SAIDTOSBTHAT,TOLDSBTHAT，不可直接说TOLDTHATHESAID,“IHAVEBEENTOTHEGREATWALL”HESAIDTOUSTHATHEHADBEENTOTHEGREATWALLHESAID,“ILLGIVEYOUANEXAMINATIONNEXTMONDAY”HETOLDUSTHATHEWOULDGIVEUSANEXAMINATIONTHENEXTMONDAY解题步骤“IDONTLIKECOMPUTERS,”SARAHSAIDTOHERFRIENDSSARAHSAIDTOHERFRIENDSTHATIDONTLIKECOMPUTERSSHEDIDNTSARAHSAIDTOHERFRIENDSTHATSHEDIDNTLIKECOMPUTERS2一般疑问句间接引语用连词WHETHER或IF引导，原主句中谓语动词SAID要改为ASKEDME/HIM/US等，语序是陈述句的语序HESAID,“DOYOUHAVEANYDIFFICULTYWITHPRONUNCIATION”HEASKEDMEWHETHER/IFIHADANYDIFFICULTYWITHMYPRONUNCIATIONHESAID,“YOUAREINTERESTEDINENGLISH,ARENTYOU”精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/9HEASKEDWHETHERIWASINTERESTEDINENGLISH解题步骤ISITEASYTOIMPROVETHECONDITIONOFTHESOILTHEYASKEDHIM“ITISEASYTOIMPROVETHECONDITIONOFTHESOIL”THEYASKEDHIMIFITISEASYTOIMPROVETHECONDITIONOFTHESOILWASTHEYASKEDHIMIFITWASEASYTOIMPROVETHECONDITIONOFTHESOIL3特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ASKSB来表达，语序改为陈述句语序HESAIDTOME，“WHATSYOURNAME”HEASKEDMEWHATMYNAMEWASHEASKEDUS,“HOWMANYCARFACTORIESHAVEBEENBUILTINYOURCOUNTRY”HEASKEDUSHOWMANYCARFACTORIESHADBEENBUILTINOURCOUNTRY解题步骤WHENDOYOUHARVESTTHEWHEATTHEYASKEDHIMYOUHARVESTTHEWHEAT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/9THEYASKEDHIMWHENYOUHARVESTTHEWHEATHEHARVESTEDTHEYASKEDHIMWHENHEHARVESTEDTHEWHEAT4选择疑问句用WHETHEROR表达，而不用IFOR，也不用EITHERORHEASKED,“DOYOUSPEAKENGLISHORFRENCH”HEASKEDMEWHETHERISPOKEENGLISHORFRENCHIASKED,“WILLYOUTAKEBUSORTAKETRAIN”IASKEDHIMWHETHERHEWOULDTAKEBUSORTAKETRAIN二、在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1注意时态的变化DIRECTINDIRECTPRESENTPASTPASTPASTANDPASTPERFECTPRESENTPERFECTPASTPERFECTPASTPERFECTPASTPERFECT2注意人称变化。3注意指示代词的变化THIS,THESETHAT,THOSE4注意时间的变化NOW,TODAY,THISWEEK,YESTERDAY,LASTWEEK,FOURDAYSAGO,THEDAYBEFOREYESTERDAY,TOMORROW,NEXTMONTHTHEN,THATDAY,THATWEEK,THEDAYBEFORE,THEWEEKBEFORE,FOURDAYSBEFOR精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/9E,TWODAYSBEFORE,THENEXTDAY,THENEXTMONTH5注意地点的变化HERETHERE6注意个别趋向动词的变化COME,BRINGGO,TAKE三、谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点1直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变THEGEOGRAPHYTEACHERSAID,“THESUNRISESINTHEEASTANDSETSINTHEWEST”THEGEOGRAPHYTEACHERTOLDUSTHATTHESUNRISESINTHEEASTANDSETSINTHEWEST2如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变THECHILDRENSAID,“WELOVETHISGAME”THEYTOLDUSTHATTHEYLOVETHATGAME3主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。SHESAYS,“ILLNEVERFORGETTHEDAYSINTHECOUNTRY”SHESAYSTHATSHELLNEVERFORGETTHEDAYSINTHECOUNTRY从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况1当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候2当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时3当直接引语中有以WHEN,WHILE引导的从句，表示过去的精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/9时间时4当引语是谚语、格言时5当直接引语中有情态动词SHOULD,WOULD,COULD,HADBETTER,WOULDRATHER,MIGHT,MUST,OUGHTTO,USEDTO,NEED时STEP4PRACTICEFOREX1,GETTHESTUDENTSTOLOOKATTHESENTENCESCAREFULLYINPAIRSINORDERTOFINDOUTTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENDIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECHGUIDETHESTUDENTSTOFINDOUTTHECHANGESINPRONOUNFORMS,WORDORDER,ADVERBIALSANDSOON,ESPECIALLYTHEVERBTENSES,THEUNDERLINEPARTSASKTHESTUDENTSTOPAYATTENTIONTOTHEREPORTINGCLAUSEFOREX2,ASKTHESTUDENTSTODOITBYTHEMSELVES,THENCHECKEXERCISES1HESAID,“IMAFRAIDICANTFINISHTHISWORK”2HESAID,“IHAVENTHEARDFROMHIMSINCEMAY”3TOMSAID“IWILLSEEYOUNEXTWEEK”4“WHYWEREYOULATEAGAIN”THETEACHERSAIDTOME5“IDONTLIKESWIMMING,”SAIDSARAH6HISFRIENDSASKEDHIMIFHEWOULDGOTODALIAN7“HAVEYOUBEENTOPARIS”MYCLASSMATEASKEDME高考链接精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/91READERSCAN_QUITEWELLWITHOUTKNOWINGTHEEXACTMEANINGOFEACHWORDAGETOVERBGETINCGETALONGDGETTHROUGH2ITSHARDFORMETOIMAGINEWHATIWOULDBEDOINGTODAYIFI_INLOVE,ATTHEAGEOFSEVEN,WITHTHEMELINDACOXLIBRARYINMYHOMETOWNAWOULDNTHAVEFALLENBHADNOTFALLENCSHOULDFALLDWERETOFALL3FATHERWENTTOHISDOCTORFOR_ABOUTHISHEARTTROUBLEAANADVICEBADVICECADVICESDTHEADVICES4IWONDERHOWHE_THATTOTHETEAC