【精品硕博论文-水利水电工程】翻译-新时期南京城市防洪发展所面临的挑战

3新时期南京城市防洪发展所面临的挑战3CURRENTCHALLENGESTODEVELOPINGPROCESSOFFLOODCONTROLSYSTEMOFNANJINGCITY（1）如何进一步提高南京城市的整体防洪能力随着未来南京城市的进一步发展和扩张，城市土地资源愈加稀缺，加之“亲水”和“宜居”等新要求，河道拓宽、堤防加高等传统城市防洪工程措施的实施愈加困难，新开挖分洪河道等蓄洪和分洪措施的实施也面临较大阻力。如何进一步提高南京城市整体防洪能力，对未来城市防洪建设提出了更新和更高的要求。（1）HOWTOFURTHERIMPROVETHEOVERALLFLOODCONTROLCAPACITYOFNANJINGCITYINTHEFUTURE,WITHTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTANDEXPANSIONOFNANJINGCITY,URBANLANDRESOURCESWILLBECOMESCARCERCOUPLEDWITH“WATER“AND“LIVABLE“ANDOTHERNEWREQUIREMENTS,THEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHETRADITIONALCITYFLOODCONTROLENGINEERINGMEASURES,SUCHASCHANNELWIDENINGANDEMBANKMENTSHEIGHTENING,TENDTOBEMOREANDMOREDIFFICULTTHEFLOODSTORAGEANDWATERDIVERSIONMEASURESOFNEWLYEXCAVATEDFLOODWAYSALSOFACEGREATERRESISTANCEITPROPOSESRENEWALANDHIGHERREQUIREMENTSOFFUTUREURBANCONSTRUCTIONONHOWTOFURTHERIMPROVETHEOVERALLFLOODCONTROLCAPACITYOFNANJINGCITY（2）如何协调城市防洪与排涝、水资源、供水、节水等城市水务的关系长期以来，南京市水利管理仍为国家统一管理与地方分级、分部门管理相结合的“多龙管水”模式，形成了流域上“条块分割”、地域上“城乡分割”、职能上“部门分割”、制度上“政出多门”的局面，致使城市防洪工程多以防洪为单一目标，未统筹城市排涝、水资源保护、供水、水环境、污水处理等其它城市水务要求，造成城市防洪排涝工作难以深度统筹协调，水资源的流域性和完整性被分割，水质管理和水量管理相分离，防洪工程综合效益难以充分发挥。（2）HOWTOCOORDINATETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENURBANFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGE,WATERRESOURCES,WATERSUPPLY,WATERANDOTHERURBANWATERISSUESFORALONGTIME,THEWATERMANAGEMENTOFNANJINGCITYREMAINSSOCALLED“MULTIDRAGONSSTIRRINGUPTHEWATER”MODEL,WHICHISTHEMULTISECTORALMANAGEMENTCOMBINEDWITHCENTRALGOVERNMENTANDGRADEDSUBSECTORMANAGEMENTOFTHELOCALGOVERNMENT,LEADINGTOASITUATIONWHERETHEBASINIS“URBANRURALDIVIDE,“FUNCTIONALLYON“REGIONALSEGMENTATIONDEPARTMENT“,ANDTHESYSTEMOF“CONFLICTINGPOLICIESFROMDIFFERENTDEPARTMENTS“MOSTURBANFLOODCONTROLPROJECTSSETASINGLEGOALFORFLOODCONTROL,RARELYCONSIDERINGURBANWATERLOGGING,WATERRESOURCESPROTECTION,WATERSUPPLY,WATERENVIRONMENT,SEWAGETREATMENTANDOTHERURBANWATERDEMANDSASARESULT,THEFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGEWORKCANNOTBECOORDINATED,WATERSHEDANDINTEGRITYOFWATERRESOURCESAREDIVIDED,WATERQUALITYANDWATERMANAGEMENTARESEPARATED,ANDFLOODCONTROLWORKSAREHARDTOGIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEOVERALLEFFICIENCY（3）如何协调城市防洪排涝工程与城市景观、交通、生态环境的关系受历史时期治水理念以及环境、资金等因素所限，南京部分城市防洪工程仅考虑其功能效益，忽略了城市景观、生态以及人文环境等方面的要求，导致建成的防洪墙、堤防等大多显得生灰硬冷，坡面、堤顶千篇一律，泵闸管理房简陋老旧，同当前优美的人居环境和现代气息格格不入，难以满足群众对城市环境和景观的需求。3HOWTOCOORDINATETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENURBANFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGEPROJECTSANDURBANLANDSCAPE,TRANSPORTATION,ANDECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTLIMITEDBYHISTORICALPERIODWATERCONTROLNOTIONANDFACTORSSUCHASENVIRONMENTANDCAPITAL,SOMEURBANFLOODCONTROLPROJECTSINNANJINGCONSIDERONLYITSFUNCTIONALBENEFIT,IGNORINGTHEURBANLANDSCAPE,ECOLOGICALANDCULTURALENVIRONMENTANDOTHERREQUIREMENTSAMONGTHECOMPLETIONOFTHEFLOODWALL,LEVEE,ETC,MOSTSEEMHARD,COLD,ANDGRAY,DIKESARESTEREOTYPED,ANDPUMPHOUSESARESHABBYANDOLDCOMPAREDWITHTHECURRENTLIVINGENVIRONMENTANDBEAUTIFULMODERNTUNE,ITISDIFFICULTTOMEETPEOPLESNEEDSOFTHEURBANENVIRONMENTANDLANDSCAPE（4）如何协调城市防洪排涝与城市发展建设的关系规划实施期间，城市防洪排涝与发展建设之间的关系未得到妥善协调。如铁路、桥梁等跨河工程的建设对城市河道的占用愈加严重，外秦淮河、秦淮新河等河道断面减小，对城市防洪安全构成了威胁。同时，河湖水面也缺乏强有力的保护措施，部分河道被填埋或变为暗沟，水系被阻隔或打断，对城市排涝安全构成威胁。4HOWTOCOORDINATETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENURBANDEVELOPMENTANDURBANFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGECONSTRUCTIONDURINGTHE“PLAN“WASIMPLEMENTED,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENURBANDEVELOPMENTANDCONSTRUCTIONOFFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGEHADNTBEENPROPERLYCOORDINATEDFORINSTANCE,THECONSTRUCTIONOFRAILWAYS,BRIDGESANDOTHERRIVERCROSSINGENGINEERINGOCCUPIEDURBANRIVER,ANDTHESECTIONSOFQINHUAIRIVERANDNEWQINHUAIRIVERWEREREDUCED,WHICHPOSEDATHREATTOFLOODSAFETYOFTHECITYMEANWHILE,RIVERSANDLAKESLACKSTRONGPROTECTIONMEASURESANDPARTSOFTHERIVERSWEREBURIEDORTURNEDINTOUNDERGROUNDDRAINDRAINAGEWEREBLOCKEDORINTERRUPTED,MAKINGTHESAFETYOFURBANDRAINAGEEVENWORSE4未来南京城市防洪对策4FUTUREFLOODCONTROLCOUNTERMEASURESOFNANJINGCITY（1）抓紧修编南京城市防洪规划，适应未来南京城市发展的要求目前，南京城市防洪规划已到期，无法满足当前城市防洪工作的要求和发展，亟需对其进行修编。新一轮南京城市防洪规划修编时应紧密依托南京城市总体规划（20102020）以及长江、秦淮河、滁河流域新近批准的相关规划，高标准、高质量规划现代化城市防洪减灾体系，为南京城市的又好又快发展和人民群众的安居乐业提供有力的防洪保障，为未来城市的规划、布局和建设提供科学的指导。1COMPLETINGTHEREVISIONOFTHE“URBANFLOODCONTROLPLANNINGOFNANJINGCITY“,ADAPTINGTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFFUTUREURBANDEVELOPMENTOFNANJINGCITYCURRENTLY,THE“URBANFLOODCONTROLPLANNINGOFNANJINGCITY“HASEXPIRED,WHICHCANNOTMEETTHECURRENTREQUIREMENTSANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFURBANFLOODCONTROLWORKAREVISIONISNEEDEDANEWROUNDOFREVISIONOFNANJINGURBANFLOODCONTROLPLANNINGSHOULDBECLOSELYBASEDONTHE“NANJINGURBANMASTERPLAN“2010TO2020ASWELLASTHENEWLYAPPROVEDRELATEDPLANNINGOFTHEYANGTZERIVER,QINHUAIRIVERANDCHURIVERBASIN,BUILDINGAMODERNCITYFLOODPREVENTIONANDDISASTERMITIGATIONSYSTEMWITHHIGHSTANDARDSANDHIGHQUALITYITWILLPROVIDEEFFECTIVEFLOODPROTECTIONFORTHESOUNDANDRAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHECITYANDTHEPEOPLETOLIVEANDWORKINPEACEANDCONTENTMENT,ANDPROVIDESCIENTIFICGUIDANCEFORFUTUREURBANPLANNING,LAYOUTANDCONSTRUCTION（2）防洪理念由“洪水控制”向“洪水管理”转变，打开防汛工作新局面对洪水进行科学管理，既适当控制洪水，又积极适应自然，与洪水和谐相处，实现传统水利向资源水利、可持续发展水利的转变，提升水利服务于经济社会发展的综合能力，为此，南京市应分阶段做好以下五方面工作1）分不同片区确定与南京城市经济社会发展水平和整体防洪体系相适应并适度超前的城市防洪与排涝标准；2）具有前瞻性的做好城市外围空间防洪工程的规划和布局工作，加强河湖管理，给洪水留以足够出路；3）根据不同阶段南京城市洪水管理的目标任务，建立标准适度功能合理的南京城市洪水管理体系；4）在有效控制风险的前提下，因地制宜制定城市洪水资源利用方案，建立洪水资源综合利用体系；5）逐步建立完备的防洪管理和保障体系。2CHANGINGFLOODCONCEPTFROM“FLOODCONTROL“TO“FLOODMANAGEMENT“TOOPENANEWSITUATIONINFLOODPREVENTIONWORKWHILEIMPLEMENTINGSCIENTIFICMANAGEMENTOFTHEFLOOD,WENEEDTODEALWITHTHEFLOODCONTROLINANAPPROPRIATEWAYANDACTIVELYADAPTTOTHENATUREANDLIVEINHARMONYWITHFLOODING,REALIZINGTHETRANSITIONFROMTHETRADITIONALWATERCONSERVANCYTOTHERESOURCESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFWATERCONSERVANCY,WATERCONSERVANCYANDIMPROVINGWATERCONSERVANCYINTHESERVICEOFECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPREHENSIVEABILITYTHEREFORE,THENANJINGCITYSHOULDDOTHEFOLLOWINGFIVEPHASES1ANALYZESDIFFERENTPATCHESTODETERMINETHELEVELOFFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGESTANDARDSINCONSISTENTWITHSOCIALDEVELOPMENTANDTHEOVERALLFLOODCONTROLSYSTEM2DOESWELLINTHEPLANNINGOFFLOODCONTROLENGINEERINGANDURBANPERIPHERYLAYOUTWORK,STRENGTHENTHEMANAGEMENTOFRIVERSANDLAKES,ANDLEAVEENOUGHTOFLOODWAY3ACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTSTAGESOFTHENANJINGCITYSFLOODMANAGEMENT,OBJECTIVESANDTASKS,ESTABLISHESAREASONABLESTANDARDFEATURESFORTHEMODERATEFLOODMANAGEMENTSYSTEM4UNDERTHEPREMISEOFRISKCONTROL,CONSIDERSLOCALCONDITIONSTODEVELOPURBANFLOODRESOURCESUTILIZATIONPROGRAMANDESTABLISHESTHEFLOODRESOURCESUTILIZATIONSYSTEM5GRADUALLYESTABLISHESACOMPREHENSIVEFLOODCONTROLMANAGEMENTANDSECURITYSYSTEM（3）建设现代化城市防洪减灾体系，进一步提升南京城市整体防洪能力南京市应用现代的治水理念、先进的科学技术、完善的基础设施和科学的管理制度，系统整合城市防洪工程及非工程措施，高标准建设以防洪功能为主，统筹水资源、水生态等要求，并兼具城市环境、景观、交通、文化等综合功能的现代城市防洪工程，形成以长江干流、秦淮河、滁河为主线，中小河流为网络，骨干水库和重要湖泊为节点，非工程措施为辅助，点线面相结合的现代化防洪减灾体系5，进一步提升南京城市整体防洪能力。3CONSTRUCTINGAMODERNFLOODPREVENTIONANDDISASTERMITIGATIONSYSTEMTOFURTHERENHANCETHEOVERALLFLOODCONTROLCAPACITYINNANJINGCITYWITHTHEMODERNWATERCONSERVANCYCONCEPTANDADVANCEDSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,NANJINGISREQUIREDTOPERFECTINFRASTRUCTUREANDITSSCIENTIFICMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,REALIZINGINTEGRATIONOFURBANFLOODCONTROLPROJECTSANDNONENGINEERINGMEASURES,ANDCONSTRUCTINGMODERNCITYFLOODCONTROLPROJECTSWITHHIGHSTANDARDTHEPROJECTSAREFLOODCONTROLFUNCTIONBASED,COORDINATEDWITHWATERRESOURCES,AQUATICECOSYSTEMSANDOTHERREQUIREMENTSANDFEATURESLIKEURBANENVIRONMENT,LANDSCAPE,TRANSPORTATION,CULTURALANDOTHERCOMPREHENSIVEFUNCTIONS,FORMINGAMODERNFLOODCONTROLSYSTEMWHICHTAKESTHEYANGTZERIVER,QINHUAIRIVER,ANDCHURIVERASTHEMAINLINE,THENETWORKOFSMALLRIVERS,RESERVOIRSANDMAJORLAKESASTHEBACKBONENODES,NONENGINEERINGMEASURESASTHEAUXILIARYANDCOMBINESPOINTANDLINETOFURTHERENHANCETHEOVERALLFLOODCONTROLCAPACITYINNANJINGCITY（4）加强河湖保护与管理，进一步完善城市排涝体系南京市应紧密依托南京城市总体规划（20102020），科学划分城市排水分区，确定排涝标准，并建立城市河湖“蓝线”管理制度，控制水面率，同时努力恢复部分已被填埋的沟河并扩大沟、河、湖泊断面，对城市河湖水域进行严格的管理与保护。第二，针对城市排涝薄弱环节，系统整合排涝河道、排水管网以及排涝泵站等排涝工程，辅以灾害预警系统、排涝应急预案等非工程措施，进一步完善城市排涝体系。4STRENGTHENINGTHEPROTECTIONANDMANAGEMENTOFRIVERSANDLAKESTOFURTHERPERFECTTHEURBANDRAINAGESYSTEMFIRSTOFALL,NANJINGSHOULDBECLOSELYBASEDONTHE“URBANFLOODCONTROLPLANNINGOFNANJINGCITY20102020“,REALIZINGTHESCIENTIFICDIVISIONOFURBANDRAINAGEDISTRICTTODETERMINETHEDRAINAGESTANDARDS,ANDTHE“BLUELINE“MANAGEMENTSYSTEMOFURBANRIVERSANDLAKESTOCONTROLTHEWATERRATEATTHESAMETIME,RELEVANTDEPARTMENTSMAKEEFFORTSTOPARTLYRESTORERIVERSTHATHAVEBEENFILLEDANDEXPANDTHESECTIONOFDITCHES,RIVERS,ANDLAKESTOSTRICTMANAGEMENTANDPROTECTIONOFURBANRIVERSWATERSSECONDLY,ASTOTHEWEAKLINKFORTHEURBANDRAINAGE,DRAINAGESYSTEMS,DRAINAGENETWORKANDDRAINAGEPUMPINGSTATIONSANDOTHERDRAINAGEWORKSSHOULDBEPERFECTED,SUPPLEMENTEDWITHDISASTERWARNINGSYSTEMS,CONTINGENCYPLANSANDOTHERNONENGINEERINGDRAINAGEMEASURESTOFURTHERIMPROVETHEURBANDRAINAGESYSTEM（5）强化政府防洪责任，妥善协调城市防洪与城市建设的关系南京市应根据中华人民共和国防洪法要求，进一步强化政府的防洪责任，明确水利、市政、环保、规划等部门在城市防洪排涝建设和管理中的权利和义务。同时，政府间应加强沟通和协调，打破城乡之间、地区之间、部门之间的防洪管理界限，着力搭建集城市防洪与环境、交通、文化等于一体的城市建设管理综合平台，妥善协调城市防洪和城市建设间的关系，提升城市防洪工程的整体质量与综合效益13。5EMPHASIZINGTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEGOVERNMENTTOSTRENGTHENFLOODCONTROL,ANDPROPERLYCOORDINATINGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEURBANFLOODCONTROLANDURBANCONSTRUCTIONACCORDINGTOTHEPURPOSESOFFLOODCONTROLACTOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA,NANJINGSHOULDFURTHERSTRENGTHENTHEGOVERNMENTSFLOODCONTROLRESPONSIBILITIES,ANDDEFINERIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONSOFWATERCONSERVANCY,MUNICIPAL,ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION,PLANNINGANDOTHERDEPARTMENTSINTHEURBANFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGECONSTRUCTIONANDMANAGEMENTMEANWHILE,THEGOVERNMENTSSHOULDSTRENGTHENTHECOMMUNICATIONANDCOORDINATIONANDBREAKBOUNDARIESOFFLOODPREVENTIONMANAGEMENTBETWEENURBANANDRURALAREAS,BETWEENTHEREGIONSANDBETWEENDIFFERENTDEPARTMENTS,BUILDINGACOMPREHENSIVEPLATFORMOFURBANCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTWHICHISTHEINTEGRATIONOFCITYFLOODCONTROL,ENVIRONMENT,TRANSPORTATIONANDCULTUREITWILLPROPERLYCOORDINATETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENURBANFLOODCONTROLANDURBANCONSTRUCTION,ANDENHANCETHEOVERALLQUALITYANDCOMPREHENSIVEBENEFITOFTHEURBANFLOODCONTROLENGINEERING13（6）坚持“建管并重”的方针，进一步完善城市防洪管理体系南京市应坚持“建管并重”的方针，明确城市防洪管理的职责，建立统一指挥与分级分部门管理相结合科学高效的管理体制，并且着力提高工程管理水平，努力实现工程管理的制度化、规范化、科学化，充分发挥工程综合效益。同时，推进水利管理单位的体制改革，进一步完善城市防洪管理体系。6ADHERINGTOTHE“CONSTRUCTIONANDMANAGEMENT“APPROACHTOFURTHERIMPROVEURBANFLOODMANAGEMENTSYSTEMNANJINGSHOULDADHERETOTHE“CONSTRUCTIONANDMANAGEMENT“APPROACH,CLEARTHERESPONSIBILITIESOFURBANFLOODMANAGEMENT,ESTABLISHASCIENTIFICANDEFFICIENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMINCLUDINGUNIFIEDCOMMANDANDHIERARCHICALSUBSECTORMANAGEMENT,ANDSTRIVETOIMPROVETHELEVELOFPROJECTMANAGEMENT,ACHIEVINGITSINSTITUTIONALIZED,STANDARDIZED,SCIENTIFIC,ANDFULLYINTEGRATEDBENEFITSATTHESAMETIME,THEGOVERNMENTNEEDSTOPROMOTETHEREFORMOFRELEVANTDEPARTMENTSTOFURTHERIMPROVEURBANFLOODMANAGEMENTSYSTEM（7）加强资金筹集、法制建设及防洪信息化工作，完善城市防洪排涝保障体系南京市应充分发挥政府在城市防洪建设中的主导作用，同时广开渠道多方筹集城市防洪排涝建设及管理资金，建立以公共财政投入为主的稳定的水利投资机制。第二，梳理已有城市防洪法律法规，解决城市防洪法制盲点和薄弱环节，加强立法和执法工作。第三，推进现代化通信、“3S”等先进技术的应用，构建整合监测、预报、调度、决策、管理为一体的城市防洪综合信息系统，提高城市防洪信息化水平，完善城市防洪排涝保障体系。7STRENGTHENINGTHECONSTRUCTIONOFFUNDRAISING,THELEGALSYSTEMANDFLOODCONTROLINFORMATION,ANDPERFECTINGTHEURBANFLOODCONTROLANDDRAINAGESYSTEMFIRSTLY,THEGOVERNM