外文翻译-实现峰值锁定功能的3.5位数字测力仪电路的设计

外文翻译原文DESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTTOACHIEVEPEAKCOLLARSIDEOFTHEGIVENFUNCTIONDIGITALFORCEGAUGESUMMARYTHISPAPERINTRODUCEDANDSTUDIEDBYTHEAUTHORDESIGNEDANDDEVELOPEDTHESUCCESSFULREALIZATIONOFTHEPRESSUREPEAKHOLDFUNCTIONDIGITALDYNAMOMETERDIGITALCIRCUITDUETOTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHELOCKFUNCTION,ANDTHUSLOCKTIMEISINFINITELYLONGANDTHEINSTRUMENTINTHESYSTEMDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONASSEMBLYPROCESS,THEGROUNDSYSTEMANDANTIINTERFERENCETECHNOLOGYHASTAKENMANYEFFECTIVEMEASURESTHEPRECISIONOFTHEMACHINEANDHIGHSTABILITY,ANTIINTERFERENCEABILITYANDTHEINSTRUMENTEQUIPPEDWITHAFIXEDVALUEALARMFUNCTION,THEUSERCANSETTHEIROWNACCORDINGTOTHEIRREQUIREMENTSALARMPOINTS,ANDLOWCOSTOFTHEMACHINE,SMALLSIZE,ANDTHUSHASBROADMARKETPROSPECTSKEYWORDTHEPRESSUREPEAKDETECTIONAMPLIFIERLATCHHANGINTERFERENCE1INTRODUCTIONMANYOCCASIONSINTHEPRODUCTION,MEASUREMENTANDSCIENTIFICEXPERIMENTS,ITISOFTENNECESSARYTOMEASUREANDRECORDTHEPRESSUREMAXIMUM,SUCHASRUPTUREOFTHEALUMINUMELECTROLYTICCAPACITORTESTMATERIALOFFOFTHEPRESSURETESTCURRENTLY,THEVASTMAJORITYOFDOMESTICOCCASIONSINITSDETECTION,ISBYMEANSOFAPOINTERPRESSUREGAUGEORDONOTHAVETHEPEAKHOLDFUNCTIONDIGITALDYNAMOMETER,THEMOMENTBEFORETHEDISAPPEARANCEOFTHEPEAKPRESSUREBYTHEOPERATORTOREADDATA,NOTONLYTHATTHEOPERATORWASVERYLABORIOUS,BUTALSOBROUGHTLARGEREADINGERROR,DOESNOTMEETTHEACTUALTESTINGREQUIREMENTS,LETALONEBEACCURATELYMEASUREDINORDERTOSOLVETHEABOVEPROBLEMS,ACCORDINGTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEUSEROFTHETECHNICALINDICATORS,THEAUTHORDESIGNEDANDDEVELOPEDA4INDIGITDYNAMOMETERCANACHIEVEPEAKHOLDFUNCTIONBECAUSETHESYSTEMUSESTHEDIGITIZEDPEAKHOLDCIRCUIT,THUSLOCKINGTIMEISINFINITELYLONG,FULLYMEETTHEACTUALUSEOFTHEOCCASIONTHISISDESCRIBEDTOSTUDY3MEASUREMENTERROR03FSTHEINSTRUMENTITSELFCANBEACHIEVEDCLUSTER005FS4RESOLUTION2TFRANGE01920KGFRANGELGRANGEOFZO0KGF1092TFRANGEZOTFRANGEIKGJOBSTABILITYINSTRUMENTWORKCONTINUOUSLYFORFOURHOURS,SHOWINGTHEVALUEOFCHANGEISLESSTHAN002OFTHEFULLSCALETAXIDIRECTWAYFOURDIGITALDISPLAY2TESTPOTSREQUIREMENTSANDMAINTECHNICALINDICATORSLMEASURINGRANGEOZKGF0A20KGFOAXKGF0ZTFOA20TFOAXTF2HAVINGAPRESSUREPEAKHOLDITSRESETFUNCTION3ALARMSETPOINTALARMUSERSET,SHORTNESSOFINTERMITTENTBUZZERSOUND,THEREDWARNINGLIGHTISFLASHING4THESENSORBRIDGEVOLTAGEDC10V,MAXIMUMLOADCURRENT50MA5WORKINGENVIRONMENTTEMPERATURE040CRELATIVEHUMIDITY0TO85OFAMBIENTAIRDOESNOTCONTAINCORROSIVEGASES,IMPURITIESANDSTRONGMAGNETICFIELDS6POWERSUPPLYTHETHEAC220VDISABILITIES1050HZ,POWERCONSUMPTION10WSYSTEMSTRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFTHEINSTRUMENTBYTHESENSORITSZEROINGCIRCUITRY,SIGNALAMPLIFICATIONCIRCUIT,A/DCONVERSIONCIRCUIT,PEAKSAMPLINGANDLOCKOUTCIRCUIT,DECODINGPARTOFTHECIRCUIT,SETTINGTHEALARMCIRCUITANDPOWER,THESYSTEMCONSTITUTESABLOCKDIAGRAMISSHOWNINFIGURE1BYASENSORSENSITIVETOTHEPRESSURESIGNALAFTERCONVERSIONINTOELECTRICALSIGNALS,SENTBYNULLINGCIRCUITAMPLIFYINGCIRCUIT,INORDERTOENSURETHATTHESUBSEQUENTCIRCUITRYREQUIREDFORASUFFICIENTLYLARGESIGNALTHEONEHAND,THEAMPLIFIEDSIGNALISSENTTOTHEA/DCONVERTER,THEANALOGINTODIGITAL,ONTHEOTHERHAND,SENDSETPOINTALARMCIRCUITS,AUDIBLEANDVISUALALARMINTHEPRESSURESETTINGA/DCONVERSIONISCONVERTEDINTOTHEDIGITALAMOUNT,PARTBITELECTIONCOMMUNICATIONNODIRECTLYAFTERTHEDRIVETOSENDLEDDISPLAYCIRCUIT,THEOTHERPARTBCDCODEDATA,ANDTENTHOUSANDSELECTEDCOMMUNICATIONNOTHENSENDTHEPEAKSAMPLINGANDLATCHCIRCUIT,TOACHIEVEDIGITALLOCKFUNCTION,ANDFINALLYBYTHEDECODERDRIVERCIRCUITBYABITLESHOWSTHEMEASUREDPRESSUREVALUE3FEATURES31DIGITALPEAKHOLDFUNCTIONTOACHIEVEPEAKANALOGWAVEFORMCANBEDETERMINEDBYSAMPLINGOFTHESIGNAL,THEPEAKVALUEISCONVERTEDTOBINARYVALUES,ANDSTORESITINALATCH,SOASTOBEDRIVENBYDECODINGCIRCUITRYWILLSENDLEDCIRCUIT,THEDOUBLEINTEGRALCUTCONVERTERICL7135LLTOTHERATEOF120KHZANALOGINPUT,ITISCONVERTEDINTOACORRESPONDINGBINARYVALUEOFTHEBINARYOUTPUTONTHEONEHANDTOSENDTHESDTYPELATCHCE10175OTHERHANDPARALLELADDTOTHE5BITMAGNITUDECOMPARATOR2FEETHIGHOUTPUT,THESTROBEPULSESTRENDOFTHEFIRST26FEETAZDCONVERTEROUTPUTCORRESPONDINGPULSEOUTPUTBYTHECOMBINATIONOFNORGATESANDINVERTERSCD400OGOSTROBELATCHENABLENEW,THEHIGHERTHEBINARYVALUESTOREDINTHELATCH,SOASTOCONTINUOUSLYUPDATETHELATCHSTORAGESMALLERVALUE,INORDERTOACHIEVETHEPEAKHOLDFUNCTIONSINCETHEDIGITIZINGCIRCUITISTAKENINTHEDESIGNOFTHECIRCUIT,ANDTHUSTHELOCKTIMEISINFINITELYLONGIFYOUWANTTHESYSTEMISRESET,ASLONGASNFOOTTHEMRENDOFINPUTOFTHELATCHISHIGH,THEOUTPUTOFTHELATCHWHOLLYBECOMESZEROSTATE,LEDDISPLAYIEZERO32321SENSORZEROANDSIGNALAMPLIFICATIONCIRCUITSENSORZEROSIGNALAMPLIFICATIONCIRCUITVRI,RL,RZCOMPOSITIONSENSOREXTERNALNULLINGCIRCUITTOELIMINATETHEZEROOUTPUTVOLTAGEOFTHESENSOR,WITHARESOLUTIONOF0015,THETEMPERATURECOEFFICIENTOF50PPKEC,THEPRESSURESIGNALDETECTEDBYTHESENSORISCONVERTEDINTOANELECTRICALSIGNALAFTERFIRSTBYTHELEAKAGECURRENT,SENSITIVEHIGHQUALITYKENGCAPACITANCEC,ANDCZFILTEROUTHIGHFREQUENCYINTERFERENCE,ANDTHENSENTTOTHEICL7650GAINADJUSTMENTDIFFERENTIALOPERATIONALAMPLIFIERCIRCUITVOLTAGEAMPLIFICATIONICL7650THECMOSHIGHGAINULTRALOWDRIFTCHOPPERSTABILIZEDOPAMPTHEOFFSETVOLTAGEOFTHEDEADSOIL,THEOPENLOOPGAINOF120DBRL10KQ,TEMPERATUREDRIFTOF001V/CDRIFTFORALONGTIMELOONV/MONTH,THEDIFFERENTIALINPUTIMPEDANCEOFITOITGAINADJUSTMENTDIFFERENTIALOPDISCHARGEROUTEAHIGHDEGREEANDHIGHGAINADJUSTABLETEMPERATURESHIFTSMALL,HIGHINPUTIMPEDANCE,ALMIGHTYMEETTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEENTIREINSTRUMENTTOTHEAMPLIFIERCIRCUITZEROCIRCUITANDSIGNALAMPLIFICATIONCIRCUITRESISTANCEFULLSELECTIONOFPRECISIONRESISTORS,CAPACITORSUSEHIGHIMPEDANCEHIGHQUALITYCAPACITORSANDFILTERSUPPORTING33SETPOINTALARMCIRCUITSACCORDINGTOTHEMEASUREMENTREQUIREMENTS,ANALARMSIGNALWHENTHEPRESSURERISESTOTHEVALUEGIVENBYTHEUSERSHOULDBEPROMPTEDFORTHEOPERATORTOTAKEAPPROPRIATEMEASURES,SETTINGTHEALARMCIRCUITISSHOWNINFIGURE4ITMAINLYCONSISTSOFAVOLTAGECOMPARATORLM393AND555CHIPSANDOTHERCOMPONENTSTOTHEINVERTINGTERMINALOFTHECOMPARATOR2FEETTHROUGHAMULTITURNPOTENTIOMETERVRTHENGIVENVOLTAGEZVTHENAMPLIFYINGCIRCUITOUTPUTDETECTIONPOINTCL7135FULLSCALEINPUTVOLTAGEOF20000AREALARMPOINTSETTINGBYCHANGINGTHERESISTANCEOFTHEPOTENTIOMETERVR,IETOCHANGETHEREFERENCEVOLTAGEVALUEOF2FEETTHESAMESIDE3FEETTHENTHEDETECTIONPOINTICL7650OUTPUTWHENTHEVOLTAGEOFTHEDETECTIONPOINTISLOWERTHANTHEREFERENCEVOLTAGE,THECOMPARATOROUTPUTLOW07V,555FORCEDINTHERESETSTATEWHENTHEDETECTIONPOINTVOLTAGEISHIGHERTHANTHEREFERENCEVOLTAGE,THECOMPARATOROUTPUTISHIGH,555RESETBY555ANDR4,RS,C,CONSISTINGOFTHEOSCILLATORWORK,CONCURRENTSOUNDANDLIGHTALARMSIGNAL4MEASURESTOIMPROVETHEACCURACYANDSTABILITYOFTHEMEASUREDEGGINORDERTOIMPROVETHEACCURACYANDSTABILITYOFTHEWHOLEMACHINE,INADDITIONTOCIRCUITDESIGNCANBEGUARANTEED,IALSOTAKETHEFOLLOWINGMEASURES322ANDTHECONCENTRATIONOFTHETESTSOLUTIONUSUALLYMORECONCENTRATEDSOLUTIONINRESPONSETOTHEFASTER,THEMOREDILUTETHESOLUTIONTHELONGERRESPONSETIME323THESPEEDOFTHEMEASUREDIONREACHESTHESURFACEOFTHEELECTRODETHESOLUTIONWASSTIRREDFORSPEEDACCELERATIONMEASUREDIONSREACHTHESURFACEOFTHEELECTRODETHEELECTRODEPOTENTIAL,THEREBYSHORTENINGTHETIMEREQUIREDTOREACHASTABLEVALUE324THETYPEANDCONCENTRATIONOFCOEXISTINGIONSWHENTHETHECOEXISTINGIONSNONINTERFERINGION,THEIRPRESENCEISOFTENSHORTENTHERESPONSETIMEOFTHEELECTRODESUCHASCOPPERELECTRODEINTHEDETERMINATIONOFCU2IONSOLUTION,ADDEDOMKNO,RESPONSETIMEIS22SECONDS,ADDED0O1MKNO,RESPONSETIMEIS7MINUTESANOTHEREXAMPLEISTHETHEFLUORIDEELECTRODEMEASUREDFLUORINEF,PLUSATISABRESPONSETIMETHANNOTADDOFTISABTHERESPONSETIMEISSHORTWHENCOEXISTINGIONSINTERFERINGIONS,ANDITSPRESENCEOFTENLEADSTOTHERESPONSETIMEOFGROWTHASTHEFLUORIDEELECTRODEMEASUREDF,WHENACERTAINAMOUNTOFOHIONSINTHESOLUTION,ITSEXISTENCEWILLSLOWRESPONSEOFTHEFLUORIDEELECTRODEWITHACIDTHENORMALRESPONSEOFTHEELECTRODEAFTERPERFORMANCERECOVERYPROCESSING325ELEVATEDTEMPERATURESWILLSHORTENTHEELECTRODERESPONSETIMEBECAUSETHETEMPERATURERISES,THEEXCHANGEREACTIONOFTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEMEMBRANEPOTENTIALATTHEELECTRODESURFACETOACCELERATETHEREDUCTIONINTHEINTERNALRESISTANCEOFTHEMEMBRANEELECTRODE,THEMEMBRANECHARGETRANSFERSPEEDUPTHEREBYSPEEDINGUPTHEBALANCEOFARRIVALLACPOWERTHEDOUBLEISOLATIONTRANSFORMER,THEPRIMARYDCPOWERINPUTRCLOWPASSFILTER,THEDEVICEISCONNECTEDACROSSTHECAPACITORTOFILTER2PROCESSINGTHEDIGITALANDANALOGGROUNDCONNECTION,GROUNDDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEPRINTEDBOARDANDTHESIGNALGROUNDCONNECTIONPROBLEMSPARTNERSHIP3TOPREVENTTHELEAKAGEPOWERINFLOWSOFOTHERCIRCUITICL7650AMPLIFICATIONCIRCUITSIGNALINPUTCIRCUITTRACEDISPOSEDONTHEPRINTEDBOARDUSINGTHESHIELDEDWIRE“TECHNOLOGYINORDERTOREDUCETHISLEAKAGEPHENOMENON4SENSORZEROSIGNALAMPLIFICATIONANDSETTINGTHEALARM,AGYNECOLOGYCONVERSIONANDPEAKLOCKANDDECODINGDRIVETWOBOARDSAREMADEOFMETALSHELLSHIELDING,GROUNDINGOFTHESHELL,ANDTHECOMMONTERMINALOFTHEAMPLIFIERCIRCUITRECEIVESITSOWNSHIELDHOUSING5LETTERNO1LINEUSEWITHSHIELDEDTWISTEDPAIRORCOAXIALCABLE,POWERLINESANDSIGNALLINESARENOTPARALLEL,THESTRENGTHOFELECTRICALSEPARATION6THEBOARDDEBUGGINGAFTERSPRAYINGATHINLAYEROFEPOXYRESINTOPREVENTMOISTURELEAKAGE7THEINSTRUMENTHOUSINGAGOODGROUNDINGDEVICES,SENSORSANDINSTRUMENTSCOUPLEDWITHSHIELDEDCABLE,ANDSHOULDNOTBETOOLONG5CONCLUSIONLTHEAUTHORISWELLDESIGNEDANDDEVELOPEDWITHPEAKHOLDFUNCTION4INDIGITDYNAMOMETERINCIRCUITDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONASSEMBLYPROCESS,THEGROUNDSYSTEMANDANTIJAMMINGTECHNOLOGYHASTAKENMANYEFFECTIVEMEASURES,ANDTHUSTHEWHOLEACCURACYANDHIGHSTABILITY,ANTIINTERFERENCEABILITYPRELIMINARYTESTSSHOWTHATTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEINSTRUMENTTOACHIEVETHEREQUIREDTECHNICALMEASURESSTANDARD2THEINSTRUMENTCOMPONENTSARECOMMONINTHEMARKET,LOWCOSTANDSMALLSIZEMACHINE,HASBROADMARKETPROSPECTS3THEINSTRUMENTNOTONLYCANBEUSEDFORTHEDETECTIONOFPRESSURE,ANDCANBEUSEDINTHEDETECTIONOFTHEREMAININGFORCE6REFERENCES1SANDACCOUNTEDFRIENDS,PRACTICALDIGITALMEASUREMENTTECHNOLOGY,THEDEFENSEINDUSTRYPRESS,SEPTEMBER1991LUJUNFANG,SENSORINTERFACEANDTESTINGINSTRUMENTSCIRCUIT,BEIJINGUNIVERSITYOFAERONAUTICSOFFUNIVERSITYPRESS,JUNE1994实现峰值领定功能的数字侧力仪的设计与研制摘要本文介绍并研究了由笔者设计并研制成功的实现压力峰值锁定功能的数字测力仪。由于在值锁定功能的实现上采用了数字化电路,因而锁定时间为无限长。而且该仪器在系统设计及制作装配工艺、地线系统及杭干扰技术等方面采取了诸多有效的措施,故此整机的精度及稳定度高,杭干扰能力强并且该仪器又备有定值报警功能,用户可根据各自的要求自行设定报警点,整机的成本又低、体积小,因而具有较为广阔的市场前景。关键词压力检测放大器峰值锁存杭干扰技术1引言在生产、计量和科学实验等许多场合,常常需要测量并记录压力的最大值,如电解电容器铝壳的破裂试验、材料断压试验等等目前,国内绝大部分场合在对其检测时,都是借助于指针式的压力计或不具备峰值保持功能的数字测力仪,通过操作人员在压力峰值消失前的瞬间读取数据的,不但使操作人员感到十分费力,而且也带来了很大的读数误差,不满足实际检测的要求更谈不上准确测量。为了解决上述问题,根据用户对有关技术指标的要求,笔者设计并研制了能实现峰值锁定功能的4合位数字测力仪。由于系统中采用了数字化峰值锁定电路,因而锁定时间为无限长,完全满足了实际使用场合的要求。本文对此作了描述并以研究。1测量误差03FS仪器本身可达到簇士005FS2分辨率2吨F量程01920KGF量程LGZO0KGF量程1092TF量程ZOTF量程IKG（5）工作稳定性仪器连续工作四小时,示值变化小于满量程的士002。（6）指示方式4位数码管显示。2测盆要求与主要技术指标L测量范围O一ZKGF0一20KGFO一2XKGF0一ZTFO一20TFO一2XTF2具有压力峰值锁定及其复位功能3报警方式定值报警可由用户自行设定,峰鸣器断续急促声响,红色报警指示灯闪烁4传感器桥压DC10V,最大负载电流50MA。5工作环境环境温度0一40相对湿度0一85环境空气中不含有强腐蚀性气体、杂质及强烈磁场。6电源AC220V士1050HZ,功耗10W。系统构成及其工作原理该仪器主要由传感器其调零电路、信号放大电路、A/D转换电路、峰值采样与锁定电路、译码显示电路、定值报警电路及电源等部分所组成,其系统构成框图如图1所示。由传感器敏感到的压力信号经转换变成电信号后,通过调零电路送放大电路放大,以保证后续电路有所需的足够大的信号。所放大的信号一方面送A/D转换器,将其模拟量转换成数字量、另一方面送定值报警电路,在压力的设定值发出声光报警。A/D转换器转换成的数字量,一部分位选通信号直接经过驱动器送LED显示电路,另一部分BCD码数据及万位选通信号则送峰值采样与锁定电路,实现数字化锁定功能,最后经译码驱动由合位LE”电路显示出所测量的压力值3功能介绍31数字峰值锁定功能的实现通过对信号采样可以确定模拟波形的峰值,把这一峰值转换为二进制数值,并把它存储在一个锁存器中,以便通过译码驱动电路将其送LED电路显示，双积分型4位切转换器ICL7135LL以120KHZ的速率对输人模拟量，把它转换成与之对应的二进制数值这一二进制输出一方面送SD型锁存器CE10175,另一方面被并行地加到5位数值比较器的第2脚输出高电平,它与AZD转换器的第26脚STR端输出的选通脉冲经或非门及反相器CD400O组合后输出相应的脉冲去选通锁存器,使新的、较高的二进制数值存储在锁存器中,从而不断地更新锁存器内寄存的较小的值,以实现峰值锁定的功能。由于在电路的设计上采取的是数字化电路,因而锁定时间为无限长。如果要使系统复位,只要使锁存器的N脚MR端输人高电平,则锁存器的输出全变为零状态,LED显示亦即为零。32321传感器调零及信号放大电路传感器调零与信号放大电路VRI、RL、RZ组成传感器外部调零电路,以消除传感器的零位输出电压,其分辨率为0015,温度系数为士50PP坷,由传感器检测出来的压力信号在转换成电信号后,首先经漏电流小、灵敏高的优质铿电容C,和CZ滤去高频干扰,然后送由ICL7650等组成的增益调节差动运放电路进行电压放大。ICL7650是CMOS高增益超低漂移斩波稳零运算放大器。其失调电压为土1尸,开环增益120DBRL10KQ,温漂为001户V/,长时间漂移为LOONV/月,差动输人阻抗为ITO。由它组成的增益调节差动运放电路线性度很高,而且增益高而可调、温移小,输人阻抗高,它全能满足整个仪器对该放大电路的要求。整个调零电路及信号放大电路的电阻全部选用精密电阻,电容选用高阻抗优质电容,并进行筛选配套。33定值报警电路根据测量要求,当压力上升到用户给定的数值时应该发出报警信号予以提示,以便操作人员采取相应的措施,其定值报警电路如图4