cet-4英语四级历年真题英语听力原文

试卷一SHORTCONVERSATIONS11WTHEREWEREMORETHANAHUNDREDPEOPLEATKATESBIRTHDAYPARTYHOWCOMESHESGOTSOMANYFRIENDSMITSREALLYNOSURPRISEYOUKNOWSHEWASPOPULAREVENWHENSHEWASACHILDQWHATDOESTHEMANIMPLYABOUTKATE12MTHEYSAYTHERELLBEASNOWSTORMTONIGHT,ANDTHECOLDWEATHERWILLLASTQUITEAFEWDAYS。WOHWERESOLUCKY,WELLBEGETTINGAWAYFORAWHILE,ANDHAVINGAHOLIDAYINFLORIDABUTLETSCALLRIGHTNOWTOCONFIRMOURFLIGHT。QWHATDOWELEARNABOUTTHETWOSPEAKERS13WTONYWASAWARDEDAMEDALFORRESCUINGSEVERALFAMILIESFROMTHEFORESTFIRE。MIREALLYADMIREHISCOURAGE。QWHATDOWELEARNABOUTTONYFROMTHECONVERSATION14MMYWASHINGMACHINEISMORETHANFIFTEENYEARSOLDANDITHASWORKEDJUSTFINEUNTILLASTNIGHT。WYOULLNEVERBEABLETOGETPARTSFORIT,EVENFROMJAPANSOITMIGHTBETIMETOINVESTAMORERECENTMODEL。QWHATDOESTHEWOMANSUGGESTTHEMANDO15WIHEARDABOUTYOURPROMOTION,YOUMUSTBETHRILLED。MNOTREALLY,THENEWOFFICEISHUGE,BUTTHEWORDLOADHASDOUBLED。QWHATDOWELEARNABOUTTHEMANFROMTHECONVERSATION16WICANTDECIDEWHATTODOABOUTTHEPARTYTOMORROW。MYOUDONTHAVETOGOIFYOUDONTWANTTO,BUTILLBEGLADTOGIVEYOUARIDEIFYOUDO。QWHATDOWELEARNFROMTHECONVERSATION17MNOWIFYOUHAVEANYQUESTIONSABOUTTHECONTRACTILLBEHAPPYTOANSWERTHEM。WNOTHINGCOMESTOMINDRIGHTNOW,BUTIDLIKETOGOOVERALLTHEARTICLESOFTHECONTRACTONCEMOREBEFORESIGNINGIT。QWHATARETHESPEAKERSDOINGRIGHTNOW18MWEAREOUTOFPAPERFORTHEPRINTERCANYOUPLEASEORDERSOMEWICOMPLETEDTHEORDERFORMONLINEYESTERDAYANDITWILLBEHEREBYNOONILLLETYOUKNOWWHENITCOMESIN。QWHATDIDTHEWOMANDOLONGCONVERSATIONCONVERSATIONONEWBOB,DOYOUKNOWWHOISAWTHEOTHERDAYOLDJAKE,LOOKINGTERRIBLYDEPRESSEDDIDHEGETPENSIONEDOFFATLASTMYESTHEYMADEHIMRETIREAFTER50YEARSATSEAHEISPRETTYUPSETABOUTIT,BUTWHATCANYOUDOHEREALLYISPASTED。WHEISALLALONE,ISNTHEMYES,HISWIFEHASBEENDEADFORYEARSTHEYHADONEDAUGHTER,DORIESBUTSHEWENTOFFTOTOWNASSOONASSHELEFTSCHOOLANDHEHASNTHEARDFROMHERSINCEIHEARSHEISMAKINGGOODMONEYASAMODEL。WMAYBESOMEONECOULDGETINTOUCHWITHHERGETHERTOCOMEBACKFORAWHILETOHELPMIDONTSUPPOSESHECOMESHENEVERGOTONWITHHERFATHERHEISBITOFATOUGHCHARACTERANDSHEISRATHERSELFISHOH,IEXPECTOLDJAKEWILLGETBYHEISHEALTHYATLEAST,COMESINTOACLINICFORACHECKREGULARLY。WAREYOUHISDOCTORMNO,MYPARTNERDOCTORJOHNSONIS。WTHATBADTEMPEREDOLDTHINGMOH,HEISNTBADTEMPEREDHEJUSTLOOKSITHEISANEXCELLENTDOCTOR,TAUGHTMEALOT,ANDHEHASAVERYNICEFAMILYHISWIFEINVITESMEOVERTHERETOSUPPEREVERYWEEKVERYPLEASANT。WYESITEACHTHEIRDAUGHTERPENATSCHOOLSHEISABITCARELESSANDLAZYABOUTHERSCHOOLWORK,BUTABRIGHTLITTLETHINGANDVERYPOPULARWITHHERAGEGROUP。QUESTIONS19TO22AREBASEDONTHECONVERSATIONYOUVEJUSTHEARD。19WHYDOESOLDJAKELOOKTERRIBLYDEPRESSED20WHATDOWELEARNABOUTJAKESWIFE21WHATDOESTHEMANSAYABOUTJAKESDAUGHTER22WHATDOESTHEMANSAYABOUTJAKESDOCTORCONVERSATIONTWOWHELLO,MRSUMMERFIELDHOWAREYOUTODAYMVERYWELLTHANKYOU,MSGREEN。WWHATCANIDOFORYOUMWELL,UNFORTUNATELY,THEREISAPROBLEMWITHTHEORDERWERECEIVEDFROMYOUYESTERDAYITSEEMSWEHAVENTSEENTHERIGHTQUANTITYOFMANUALSTOSUPPORTTHETELEPHONESYSTEM。WOH,DEAR,THATSBADNEWSIMVERYSORRYTOHEARTHAT,ANDYOUDONTKNOWHOWMANYPACKSAREWITHOUTMANUALSMNO,BECAUSEWEHAVENTOPENEDEVERYPACKBUTINSEVERALOFTHOSETHATHAVEBEENOPENEDTHEREARENONE,NOMANUALS。WIMVERYSORRYABOUTTHISINCONVENIENCE,MRSUMMERFIELDWELLSENDOUTTHEMANUALSTHISAFTERNOONBYEXPRESSMAILENTIRELYATOURCOST,ANDTHEMANUALSSHOULDARRIVETOMORROWORTHEDAYAFTERATTHELATEST。MALLOFTHEM,RIGHTWYESITMAYBETHATSOMEHAVETHEMALREADY,BUTWECANNOTBESURESOTHEBESTTHINGISTOSENDOUTTHEMANUALFOREVERYPACK。MYESYES,ISEETHATWOULDBEGREAT。WPLEASEACCEPTOURAPOLOGIESFORTHISMIXUPIASSUREYOUWEWILLDOEVERYTHINGPOSSIBLETOFINDOUTWHYTHEMISTAKEHAPPENEDMRIGHTTHANKSFORYOURSWIFTACTION。WNOTATALLTHANKYOUANDGOODBYEFORNOWDOCALLIFTHEREISANYTHINGELSE。MALLRIGHTTHANKYOUGOODBYE,MSGREEN。WGOODBYE。QUESTIONS23TO25AREBASEDONTHECONVERSATIONYOUVEJUSTHEARD。23WHATPROBLEMSARETHESPEAKERSDISCUSSING24WHATDOESTHEWOMANPROMISETODO25WHATDOESTHEMANTHINKOFTHESOLUTIONPASSAGEPASSAGE1ATTRACTINGANDFEEDINGWILDBIRDSAREENTERTAININGACTIVITIESTHATHAVELONGBEENENJOYEDBYPEOPLEALLOVERTHEWORLDFEEDINGBIRDSHASBECOMESOPOPULARTHATPREPAREDFEEDMIXTURESAREREADILYAVAILABLEWEFEEDBIRDSFORMANYREASONSMANYPLEASANTHOURSCANCOMEFROMWATCHINGBIRDSAHOBBYOFTENDEVELOPSINTOASERIOUSSTUDYOFTHEIRHABITSACCURATEIDENTIFICATIONOFBIRDSISUSUALLYTHEFIRSTGOALBUTOBSERVATIONSTHATANAMATEURBIRDWATCHERCANMAKEAREREALLYLIMITLESSTHEREIS,HOWEVER,RESPONSIBILITYASSOCIATEDWITHBIRDFEEDING,INCLUDINGADISEASEHAZARDATTRACTINGNUMBERSOFBIRDSCONTINUALLYTOTHESAMESPOTCANBEHARMFULTOTHEM,PARTICULARLYSPECIESTHATPICKFOODFROMTHEGROUNDCONTAMINATEDBYTHEDROPPINGSOFOTHERBIRDSINWINTERFEEDINGEFFORTSAREMOSTSATISFYINGTOPEOPLEANDAREOFGREATESTBENEFITTOBIRDSDURINGTHISTIMEWHENFEWERNATURALFOODSAREAVAILABLEANDAIRTEMPERATURESARELOWER,EXTRAFEEDINGCANKEEPABIRDWARMANDWELLONCEBEGUN,FEEDINGSHOULDNEVERSTOPDURINGTHESELEANMONTHSIFYOUSTARTALOCALINCREASEOFBIRDS,BEPREPAREDTODOWHATMAYBEREQUIREDTOELIMINATEHAZARDSTOTHOSEYOUWANTTOBEFRIENDACONSTANTSUPPLYOFFOODSHOULDBEGIVENUNTILTHECOLDISOVERANDSPRINGHASCOMEIFFEEDINGISSTOPPEDDURINGSEVEREWEATHER,BIRDSUSEDTORELYINGUPONTHEFEEDERSMUSTSTARVE。QUESTIONS26TO28AREBASEDONTHEPASSAGEYOUVEJUSTHEARD。Q26WHATDOESTHESPEAKERSAYABOUTBIRDWATCHINGQ27WHATDOESTHESPEAKERSAYABOUTBIRDSFEDCONTINUALLYONTHESAMESPOTQ28WHATDOESTHESPEAKERSUGGESTWEDOINFEEDINGBIRDSINWINTERPASSAGE2MYFRIENDLEOMAKESUPWEAKANDPOOREXCUSESWHENEVERTHEREISSOMETHINGHEDOESNTWANTTODOJUSTTWOWEEKSAGO,HEWASATMYHOUSEWHENHEDECIDEDHEDIDNTWANTTOGOINTOWORKHECALLEDHISBOSSANDSAIDHEHADTOGETANEWSETOFTIRESPUTONHISTRUCKTHENHESATDOWNANDWATCHEDTVWITHMENOTONLYHADHELIEDBUTHISEXCUSEWASNTAVERYCONVINCINGONEANOTHERTIME,HECANCELLEDADATEWITHHISGIRLFRIENDATTHELASTMINUTETELLINGHERHEHADTOGETANEWBATTERYFORHISTRUCKSHEWASANGRYANDREFUSEDTOGOOUTWITHHIMAGAINUNTILHEAPOLOGIZEDLASTWEEKEND,LEOOFFEREDTHEPOORESTEXCUSEYETHEDPROMISEDHEDHELPMEMOVESOMEFURNITURE,FROMMYPARENTSHOUSETOMYNEWAPARTMENTHEWASSUPPOSEDTOBRINGHISTRUCKOVERABOUT8OCLOCKSATURDAYMORNINGIWAITED,ANDTHENCALLEDANDLEFTAMESSAGEONHISMACHINEABOUT1130,HECALLEDANDSAIDHEWASSORRYBUTHEDBEENGETTINGANEWSETOFTIRESPUTONHISTRUCKIGUESSHEDFORGOTTENHEUSEDTHESAMEEXCUSEWHENHECALLEDHISBOSSFROMMYHOUSEITHINKINEEDANEWSETOFFRIENDSIMBEGINNINGTOGETTIREDOFLEOSEXCUSES。QUESTIONS19TO21AREBASEDONTHEPASSAGEYOUVEJUSTHEARD。Q29WHATDOESTHESPEAKERTELLUSABOUTHERFRIENDLEOQ30WHATDIDHISGIRLFRIENDDOWHENLEOCANCELEDADATEWITHHERATTHELASTMINUTEQ31WHATFAVORDIDTHESPEAKERASKLEOTODOLASTWEEKENDPASSAGE3INHOLLYWOOD,EVERYBODYWANTSTOBERICH,FAMOUSANDBEAUTIFULNOBODYWANTSTOBEOLD,UNKNOWNANDPOORFORHOLLYWOODKIDS,LIFECANBEDIFFICULTBECAUSETHEYGROWUPSUCHANUNREALATMOSPHERETHEIRPARENTSAREAMBITIOUSANDTHECHILDRENAREPARTOFTHEPARENTSAMBITIONSPARENTSPAYFORWASTEFULGRANDPARTIES,EXPENSIVECARSANDDESIGNERCLOTHESWHENEVERYDREAMCANCOMETRUE,KIDSDONTLEARNTHEVALUEOFANYTHINGBECAUSETHEYHAVEEVERYTHINGATHIRTEENYEAROLDBOY,TRENTMAGUIRE,HASADRIVER,CREDITCARDSANDUNLIMITEDCASHTODOWHATHEWANTSWHENHEWANTSTO“ONEDAY,ILLEARNMORETHANMYDAD“HEBOASTSPARENTSBUYCAREANDATTENTIONFORTHEIRCHILDRENBECAUSETHEYHAVENOTIMETOGIVEITTHEMSELVESAMENDERSMOTHEREMPLOYSAPERSONALTRAINER,ABODYGUARD,ASINGINGCOACHANDACOUNCILORTOLOOKAFTERALLHERFIFTEENYEAROLDDAUGHTERSNEEDSOFTEN,THEREISNOPARENTATHOMEMOSTDAYS,SOCHILDRENDECIDEWHETHERTOMAKETHEIROWNMEALSORGOOUTTORESTAURANTS,WHENTOWATCHTELEVISIONORDOHOMEWORKTHEYORGANIZETHEIRSOCIALLIFETHEYPLAYNOCHILDHOODGAMESTHEYBECOMEADULTSBEFORETHEYREREADYHOLLYWOODHASALWAYSBEENTHECITYOFDREAMSTHEKIDSTHERELIVEUNREALLIVESWHEREMONEY,BEAUTYANDPLEASUREARETHEONLYGODSWILLCHILDRENAROUNDTHEWORLDSOONSTARTTOTHINKTHESAMEORDOTHEYALREADYQUESTIONS22TO25AREBASEDONTHEPASSAGEYOUVEJUSTHEARD。Q32WHYISLIFESAIDTOBEDIFFICULTFORHOLLYWOODKIDSQ33WHATDOESTHESPEAKERSAYABOUTTRENTMAGUIRE,ATHIRTEENYEAROLDBOYQ34WHYDOESAMENDERSMOTHEREMPLOYOTHERPEOPLETOLOOKAFTERHERNEEDSQ35WHATWILLPROBABLYHAVENEGATIVEEFFECTSONTHELIVESOFHOLLYWOODKIDS试卷二0812SHORTCONVERSATIONS11MIJUSTRECEIVEDANEMAILFROMONEOFMYFORMERCLASSMATESIWASSURPRISED,IHADNTHEARDFROMHIMFORAGESWWELL,IVEBEENOUTOFTOUCHWITHMOSTOFMYOLDFRIENDS,ONLYONEORTWOSTILLDROPMEALINEOCCASIONALLY,QWHATDOESTHEWOMANMEAN12MIFYOUCANMAKEUPYOURMINDABOUTTHECOLOR,ICANSTARTONTHEOUTSIDEOFYOURHOUSEEARLYNEXTWEEKWWELL,RIGHTNOWITHINKIWANTWHITEFORTHEWINDOWFRAMESANDYELLOWFORTHEWALLS,BUTILLLETYOUKNOWTOMORROWQWHOISTHEWOMANTALKINGTO13WEXCUSEME,DOYOUHAVEANYAPARTMENTSAVAILABLEFORUNDER500DOLLARSAMONTHINEEDTOMOVEINNEXTWEEKWHENMYNEWJOBSTARTSMTHEONLYVACANTONEIHAVEIS600DOLLARS,HAVEYOUINQUIREDATTHEAPARTMENTCOMPLEXDOWNTHESTREETQWHATDOESTHEMANSUGGESTTHEWOMANDO14WYOUBOUGHTAPAIROFJEANSYESTERDAY,DIDNTYOUWHATARETHEYLIKEMOH,THEYAREPRETTYMUCHLIKEMYOTHERONES,EXCEPTWITHALARGERWAISTIGUESSIHAVENTSPENTMUCHTIMEEXERCISINGLATELYQWHATCANWEINFERFROMTHECONVERSATIONABOUTTHEMAN15WIREALLYLIKETHOSEABSTRACTPAINTINGSWESAWYESTERDAYWHATDOYOUTHINKMIGUESSITSSOMETHINGIHAVENTACQUIREDATASTEFORYETQWHATDOESTHEMANIMPLY16WYOUHAVENTSEENABLUENOTEBOOK,HAVEYOUIHOPEIDIDNTLEAVEITINTHEREADINGROOMMDIDYOUCHECKTHATPILEOFJOURNALSYOUVEBORROWEDFROMTHELIBRARYTHEOTHERDAYQWHATISTHEMANTRYINGTOSAYTOTHEWOMAN17MHOWABOUTJOININGMEFORACUPOFCOFFEEWIDLOVETO,BUTIMEXHAUSTEDIWASUPTILL3THISMORNING,WRITINGAPAPERFORMYLITERATURECLASSQWHYDOESTHEWOMANDECLINETHEMANSINVITATION18WYOUHADAJOBINTERVIEWYESTERDAY,DIDNTYOUHOWDIDITGOMNOTTOOBAD,IGUESSTHEREWEREABOUT20CANDIDATESCOMPETINGFORTHESALESMANAGERSJOBANDFINALLYITWASDOWNTOTHREEOFUS,BUTTHEOTHERTWOSEEMEDBETTERQUALIFIEDQWHATDOESTHEMANIMPLY长对话IFSIMON,HOWDOESITFEELTOBERETIREDMWELL,NOTSOBADFHOWHAVEYOUBEENSPENDINGYOURTIMEMIHAVEBEENSPENDINGMORETIMEWITHMYFAMILYIVEALSOTRAVELLEDABIT,YOUKNOW,OFFSEASONWHENEVERYWHEREISLESSCROWDEDANDHOTELSCOSTLESSFGREATMYOUKNOWIHAVENTSTOPPEDWORKCOMPLETELYFYES,COULDYOUTELLUSMOREABOUTTHISMIMONASCHEMETHATSCALLEDPHASEDRETIREMENTIHADASIXMONTHBREAKFROMWORK,AFTERTHATICOULDAPPLYFORPROJECTWORKWITHTHECOMPANYIUSEDTOWORKFORFHOWDOESTHESCHEMEWORKMWELL,ITSATRIALATTHEMOMENTINSTEADOFHIRINGTEMPORARYSTUFF,THECOMPANYADVERTISESPOSTSONITSWEBSITETHATRETIREDEMPLOYEESLIKEMYSELFCANACCESSFWHATSORTOFWORKSADVERTISEDMWELL,ALLSORTSOFTHINGS,REALLYADMINISTRATIVEWORKANDMORESPECIALIZEDWORK,THESORTOFTHINGICANDOSOMEOFTHEPROJECTSCANLASTFIVEORSIXMONTHS,ANDOTHERSCANJUSTBEACOUPLEOFDAYSICANDECIDEMOREORLESSWHENTOWORKSOICANMANAGEMYOWNTIMEFICANSEEITSGOODFORYOUWHATISYOURCOMPANYGETOUTOFTHISMWELL,ISTILLHAVEALLMYOLDCONTACTSATWORK,SOIKNOWWHOTOCONTACTTOGETSOMETHINGDONETHECOMPANYGETSFLEXIBILITY,TOOONCETHEJOBSOVER,THATSITIMNOTONTHEIRBOOKSANYMOREQUESTIONS1921AREBASEDONTHECONVERSATIONYOUHAVEJUSTHEARD19WHYDOESSIMONFINDHISRETIREDLIFEENJOYABLE20HOWDOESSIMONGETTOKNOWABOUTTHECOMPANYSAVAILABLEPOSTS21WHYDOESTHECOMPANYADOPTTHEPHASEDRETIREMENTSCHEME长对话IIWOH,WHEREAREWEGOINGMIWANTTOSHOWYOUSOMETHINGWIKNOW,BUTWHATISITMAFARMITSJUSTDOWNTHISROADITSASMALLPLACE,BUTATLEASTITWOULDBEOUROWNWAFARMHOWCANWEAFFORDTOBUYAFARMMITISNTVERYLARGE,ONLY40ACRESWEWOULDNTHAVETOPAYVERYMUCHRIGHTNOWWISTHEREAHOUSEONTHEPLACEMASMALLONE,TWOBEDROOMS,BUTITNEEDSTOBEFIXEDUPALITTLEICANDOTHEJOBMYSELFWOKISTHEREENOUGHSPACEFORAKITCHENGARDENMTHEREISABOUTHALFANACREAROUNDTHEHOUSETHATSPLENTYOFSPACEWTHENWECANGROWOUROWNFRESHVEGETABLESANDMAYBEKEEPAFEWCHICKENS,COULDNTWEMYES,ANDWECANPROBABLYGROWALOTOFOUROWNFOODWWHATAREYOUTHINKINGABOUTGROWING,IFWEDOTAKETHISPLACEMWELL,ITREALLYISNTBIGENOUGHFORCORNITHOUGHTWEMIGHTTRYTORAISEACROPOFPOTATOESWPOTATOESTHEREAREALOTOFWORKMWEAREUSEDTOHARDWORK,ARENTWEWYES,WEARE,BUTTHEMONEYDOWEHAVEENOUGHTOGETSTARTEDITSEEMSLIKEADREAMMITHINKWEVESAVEDENOUGHWECANPAYALITTLEONTHEFARMANDMAYBEPUTAFEWDOLLARSDOWNONTHETRACTOR,TOOQUESTIONS22TO25AREBASEDONTHECONVERSATIONYOUHAVEJUSTHEARDQ22WHATARETHESPEAKERSGOINGTODOATTHETIMEOFTHECONVERSATIONQ23WHATDOESTHEMANSAYABOUTTHEFARMQ24WHYDOESTHEMANINTENDTOGROWPOTATOESRATHERTHANCORNONTHEFARMQ25WHATISTHEWOMANSGREATESTCONCERNABOUTTHEMANSPLANPASSAGESPASSAGEONEMEMBERSOFTHECITYCOUNCILANDDISTINGUISHEDGUESTS,ITISMYPRIVILEGETOINTRODUCETOYOUTODAYMRROBERTWASHINGTON,CHIEFOFOURCITYSPOLICEFORCEHEWILLADDRESSUSONTHESUBJECTOFTHECOMMUNITYPOLICINGPROGRAMMOSTOFYOUKNOWTHATMRWASHINGTONHASADISTINGUISHEDRECORDASHEADOFOURPOLICEFORCEFORMORETHANTENYEARSHOWEVER,YOUMAYNOTKNOWTHATHEALSOHOLDSAMASTERSDEGREEINCRIMINOLOGYANDSTUDIEDABROADFORAYEARWITHTHEINTERNATIONALPOLICEFORCEWHICHDEALSWITHCRIMESAROUNDTHEWORLDMRWASHINGTONFIRSTINTRODUCEDTHECOMMUNITYPOLICINGPROGRAM8YEARSAGOTHEIDEABEHINDTHEPROGRAMISTOGETTHEPOLICEOFFICERSOUTOFTHEIRCARSANDINTOOURNEIGHBORHOODSWHERETHEYCANTALKDIRECTLYTOMERCHANTSANDRESIDENTSABOUTTHEREALDYNAMICSOFOURCITYTHESEOFFICERSDOMORETHANMAKEARRESTSTHEYTRYTOFINDWAYSTOHELPSOLVETHEPROBLEMSTHATCONTRIBUTETOCRIMEINTHEFIRSTPLACEOFTENTHATMEANSHOOKINGPEOPLEUPWITHSERVICESOFFEREDBYOTHERCITYAGENCIES,SUCHASSCHOOLS,HOSPITALS,HOUSING,DRUGTREATMENTCENTERSANDTHEPROGRAMSEEMSTOBEWORKINGCRIMEISDOWNANDOURCITIZENSREPORTTHATTHEYFEELMORESECURETODAYMRWASHINGTONISGOINGTOTELLUSMOREABOUTTHISPROGRAMNOWLETSWELCOMEMRROBERTWASHINGTON26WHATISTHEPURPOSEOFTHESPEAKERSREMARKSHEWILLADDRESSUSONTHESUBJECTOFCOMMUNITYPOLICINGPROGRAM27WHATDOESTHESPEAKERSAYABOUTMRROBERTWASHINGTONMOSTOFYOUKNOWTHATMRWASHINGTONHASADISTINGUISHEDRECORDASHEADOFOURPOLICEFORCEFORMORETHANTENYEARSHOWEVER,YOUMAYNOTKNOWTHATHEALSOHOLDSAMASTERSDEGREEINCRIMINOLOGYANDSTUDIEDABROADFORAYEARWITHTHEINTERNATIONALPOLICEFORCEWHICHDEALSWITHCRIMESAROUNDTHEWORLDMRWASHINGTONFIRSTINTRODUCEDTHECOMMUNITYPOLICINGPROGRAM8YEARSAGO28WHATISTHEIDEABEHINDTHECOMMUNITYPOLICINGPROGRAMTHEIDEABEHINDTHEPROGRAMISTOGETTHEPOLICEOFFICERSOUTOFTHEIRCARSANDINTOOURNEIGHBORHOODSWHERETHEYCANTALKDIRECTLYTOMERCHANTSANDRESIDENTSABOUTTHEREALDYNAMICSOFOURCITY29HOWHASTHECOMMUNITYPOLICINGPROGRAMTURNEDOUTTOBEANDTHEPROGRAMSEEMSTOBEWORKING,CRIMEISDOWNANDOURCITIZENSREPORTTHATTHEYFEELMORESECUREPASSAGETWOTHEREAREBETWEEN3000AND6000PUBLICLANGUAGESINTHEWORLD,ANDWEMUSTADDAPPROXIMATELY6BILLIONPRIVATELANGUAGESSINCEEACHONEOFUSNECESSARILYHASONECONSIDERINGTHESEFACTS,THEPOSSIBILITIESFORBREAKDOWNSINCOMMUNICATIONSEEMINFINITEINNUMBERHOWEVER,WEDOCOMMUNICATESUCCESSFULLYFROMTIMETOTIMEANDWEDOLEARNTOSPEAKLANGUAGESBUTLEARNINGTOSPEAKLANGUAGESSEEMSTOBEAVERYMYSTERIOUSPROCESSFORALONGTIME,PEOPLETHOUGHTTHATWELEARNEDALANGUAGEONLYBYIMITATIONANDASSOCIATIONFOREXAMPLE,ABABYTOUCHESAHOTPOTANDSTARTSTOCRYTHEMOTHERSAYS,“HOT,HOT”ANDTHEBABY,WHENITSTOPSCRYING,IMITATESTHEMOTHERANDSAYS,“HOT,HOT”HOWEVER,NOAMCHOMSKY,AFAMOUSEXPERTINLANGUAGE,POINTEDOUTTHATALTHOUGHCHILDRENDOLEARNSOMEWORDSBYIMITATIONANDASSOCIATION,THEYALSOCOMBINEWORDSTOMAKEMEANINGFULSENTENCESINWAYSTHATAREUNIQUE,UNLEARNEDANDCREATIVEBECAUSEYOUNGCHILDRENCANMAKESENTENCESTHEYHAVENEVERHEARDBEFORE,CHOMSKYSUGGESTEDTHATHUMANINFANTSAREBORNWITHTHEABILITYTOLEARNLANGUAGECHOMSKYMEANTTHATUNDERNEATHALLTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENPUBLICANDPRIVATELANGUAGES,THEREISAUNIVERSALLANGUAGEMECHANISMTHATMAKESITPOSSIBLEFORUS,ASINFANTS,TOLEARNANYLANGUAGEINTHEWORLDTHISTHEORYEXPLAINSTHEPOTENTIALTHATHUMANINFANTSHAVEFORLEARNINGLANGUAGEBUTITDOESNOTREALLYEXPLAINHOWCHILDRENCOMETOUSELANGUAGEINPARTICULARWAYSQUESTIONS30TO32AREBASEDONTHEPASSAGEYOUHAVEJUSTHEARDQUESTION30WHYDOESTHESPEAKERSAYTHEREAREGREATPOSSIBILITIESFORCOMMUNICATIONBREAKDOWNSTHEREARENUMEROUSPUBLICANDPRIVATELANGUAGESQUESTION31WHATISCHOMSKYSPOINTONTHEABILITYTOLEARNALANGUAGEHUMANINFANTSAREBORNWITHTHEABILITYTOLEARNLANGUAGEANDTHEPOTENTIALTOLEARNANYLANGUAGEINTHEWORLDQUESTION32WHATDOESCHOMSKYSTHEORYFAILTOEXPLAINACCORDINGTOTHESPEAKERITDOESNOTREALLYEXPLAINHOWCHILDRENCOMETOUSELANGUAGEINPARTICULARWAYSPASSAGETHREEWHENUSSPACEWOMANJOANHIGGINBOTHAMISNOTFLYINGANDWORKINGINSPACE,SHEMIGHTBEFOUNDSOMEWHEREONEARTHGIVINGASPEECHHIGGINBOTHAM,WHOGREWUPINCHICAGOANDBECAMEANENGINEERBEFOREJOININGNASA,THATISTHENATIONALAIRANDSPACEADMINISTRATION,GIVESABOUTADOZENSPEECHESAYEAREACHSPEECHISDIFFERENTBECAUSESHETAILORSHERREMARKSTOEACHAUDIENCETHROUGHINTERVIEWSANDEMAILS,SHEFINDSOUTINADVANCEHERLISTENERSEDUCATIONALLEVELANDWHATINFORMATIONTHEYWANTTOKNOWONTHESUBJECTOFSPACEWALKS,FOREXAMPLE,AUDIENCESVARYINTHEIRINTERESTSANDHOWMUCHCOMPLEXITYTHEYCANCOMPREHENDTOELEMENTARYSCHOOLCHILDREN,HIGGINBOTHAMMAYDISCUSSAPROBLEMTHATMANYKIDSWANTTOKNOWABOUT“HOWDOSPACEMENINASPACESUITEAT,DRINK,ANDGOTOTHEBATHROOM“HERANSWERIS“THESPACESUITISREALLYASMALLSPACECRAFTWITHROOMFORFOODANDWATERCONTAINERS,ANDAWASTECOLLECTIONSYSTEM”TOAHIGHSCHOOLAUDIENCE,SHEMIGHTSATISFYACURIOSITYTHATOFTENARISESINHERPRESPEECHINTERVIEWSWITHSTUDENTSWHOOBVIOUSLYHAVESEENMANYSCIENCEFICTIONMOVIES“DOSPACEMENCARRYWEAPONSINCASETHEYENCOUNTERENEMIESINSPACE”HERANSWERIS“NO“TOSCIENTISTS,SHEMIGHTPROVIDETECHNICALDETAILSONSUCHTOPICSASTHEDESIGNOFSPACESUITSTHATPROTECTSSPACEMENFROMTHEDEADLYTEMPERATUREEXTREMESOFSPACEJUSTASELABORATEPREPARATIONISREQUIREDFORSUCCESSINSPACE,HIGGINBOTHAMSAYSTHATITSIMPORTANTFORSPEAKERSTOLEARNASMUCHASPOSSIBLEABOUTTHEIRLISTENERSBEFOREASPEECHBECAUSEEVERYAUDIENCEISDIFFERENT33WHATDIDJOANHIGGINBOTHAMDOBEFOREJOININGINNASA34HOWDOESHIGGINBOTHAMPREPAREHERSPEECHONSPACEWALKS35WHATDOESTHEHIGHSCHOOLAUDIENCEWANTTOKNOWABOUTSPACETRAVEL试卷三0806第一部分NOWLETSBEGINWITHTHEEIGHTSHORTCONVERSATIONSQ11TODAYSABADDAYFORMEIFELLOFFASTEPANDTWISTEDMYANKLESDONTWORRYUSUALLYANKLEINJURIESHEALQUICKLYIFYOUSTOPREGULARACTIVITIESFORAWHILEWHATDOESTHEWOMANSUGGESTTHEMANDOQ12MAYISEEYOURTICKET,PLEASEITHINKYOUARESITTINGINMYSEATOH,YOURERIGHTMYSEATISINTHEBALCONYIMTERRIBLYSORRYWHEREDOESTHECONVERSATIONMOSTPROBABLYTAKEPLACEQ13DIDYOUHEARJAYSMITHDIEDINHISSLEEPLASTNIGHTYES,ITSVERYSADPLEASELETEVERYBODYKNOWTHATWHOEVERWANTSTOMAYATTENDTHEFUNERALWHATARETHESPEAKERSTALKINGABOUTQ14HAVEYOUTAKENPROFESSORYOUNGSEXAMBEFOREIMKINDOFNERVOUSYESJUSTCONCENTRATEONTHEIMPORTANTIDEASSHESTALKEDABOUTINTHECLASS,ANDIGNORETHEDETAILSHOWDOESTHEWOMANSUGGESTTHEMANPREPAREFORPROFESSORYOUNGSEXAMQ15IMSOSORRY,SIRANDYOULLLETMEPAYTOHAVEYOURJACKETCLEANED,WONTYOUTHATSALLRIGHTITCOULDHAPPENTOANYONEANDIMSURETHATCOFFEEDOESNTLEAVELASTINGMARKSONCLOTHINGWHATCANWEINFERFROMTHECONVERSATIONQ16HAVEYOUSEENTHEMOVIE“THEDEPARTED“THEPLOTISSOCOMPLICATEDTHATIREALLYGOTLOSTYEAHIFELTTHESAMEBUTSECONDTIME,ICOULDPUTALLTHEPIECESTOGETHERHOWDIDTHETWOSPEAKERSFINETHEMOVIEQ17IMREALLYSURPRISEDYOUGOTANAONTHETESTYOUDIDNTSEEMTOHAVEDONEALOTOFREADINGNOWYOUKNOWWHYINEVERMISSALECTUREWHATCONTRIBUTETOTHEWOMANSHIGHSCOREQ18HAVEYOUHEARDABOUTTHENEWDIGITALTELEVISIONSYSTEMITLETSPEOPLEGETABOUTFIVEHUNDREDCHANNELSYEAH,BUTIDOUBTTHATWILLHAVEANYTHINGDIFFERENTFROMWHATWEWATCHNOWWHATDOESTHEMANMEAN第二部分CONVERSATIONONEWGOSHHAVEYOUSEENTHISRICHARDMSEEINGWHATWINTHEPAPER,ITSAYSTHERESAMANGOINGROUNDPRETENDINGHESFROMTHEELECTRICITYBOARDHESBEENCALLINGATPEOPLESHOMES,SAYINGHESCOMETOCHECKTHATALLTHEIRAPPLIANCESARESAFETHENHEGETSAROUNDTHEMTOMAKEHIMACUPOFTEAANDWHILETHEYARE