【毕业论文】论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用

山东财经大学本科毕业论文设计范文1题目论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用学院外国语学院专业英语班级英语0802学号2008110107姓名刘潇指导教师李文涛山东财经大学教务处制二一二年五月山东财经大学学士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。日期填写定稿日期5月1日。教师学生都要手写签名学位论文作者签名年月日山东财经大学关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东财经大学有关保留、使用学士学位论文的规定，即学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文。日期填写定稿日期5月1日。教师学生都要手写签名指导教师签名论文作者签名年月日年月日ONAPPLICATIONOFCONVERSIONINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONBYLIUXIAOUNDERTHESUPERVISIONOFLIWENTAOSUBMITTEDINPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFBACHELOROFARTSSCHOOLOFFOREIGNSTUDIESSHANDONGUNIVERSITYOFFINANCEANDECONOMICSMAY2012ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSUPONTHECOMPLETIONOFTHETHESIS,FIRSTOFALL,IWOULDLIKETOEXPRESSMYHEARTFELTGRATITUDETOMYSUPERVISORPROFLIWENTAO,FORHISENLIGHTENINGGUIDANCE,INCESSANTENCOURAGEMENTANDCAREFULMODIFICATIONTHROUGHOUTTHEPROCESSOFWRITINGTHISTHESISWITHOUTHISPATIENCEANDPRUDENCE,ICOULDNOTHAVEBROUGHTMYTHESISTOITSPRESENTFORMBESIDES,IAMALSOGREATLYINDEBTEDTOOTHERBELOVEDTEACHERSINTHESCHOOLOFFOREIGNSTUDIESOFSHANDONGUNIVERSITYOFFINANCEANDECONOMICS,FORTHEIRVALUABLEANDINFORMATIVECOURSESWHICHHAVEBENEFITEDMEALOTDURINGMYCOLLEGEYEARSLASTBUTNOTTHELEAST,IAMALSOMUCHOBLIGEDTOALLMYFRIENDSWHOHAVEHELPEDMEWITHMYTHESISLX名字的第一个字母ABSTRACTONAPPLICATIONOFCONVERSIONINENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONLIUXIAODUETOTHEGREATDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEINGRAMMARANDEXPRESSIONSTYLE,TRANSLATORSMAYADOPTTHEAPPROACHESOFCHANGINGTHEWORDCLASSESANDSENTENCECOMPONENTSINENGLISHCHINESEECTRANSLATIONASAFREQUENTLYUSEDTRANSLATIONTECHNIQUE,CONVERSIONENABLESTRANSLATORSTOACHIEVEANATURAL,FLUENTANDACCURATETRANSLATIONTHATNOTONLYCONVEYSTHEORIGINALTEXTSINFORMATIONBUTALSOFITSTHEIDIOMATICUSAGEOFCHINESETHETHESISCONSISTSOFTHREECHAPTERSTHEFIRSTCHAPTEREXAMINESTHECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSESINECTRANSLATIONSUCHASCONVERSIONFROMENGLISHNOUNSORPREPOSITIONSINTOCHINESEVERBSTHECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSESUSUALLYRESULTSINTHECONVERSIONOFSENTENCECOMPONENTS,SOTHESECONDCHAPTERDISCUSSESTHECONVERSIONOFSENTENCECOMPONENTSTHETHIRDCHAPTEREXPLORESTHEAPPROACHESOFHOWTOCONVERTTHEENGLISHPERSPECTIVESINTOTHECORRESPONDINGONESCONFORMINGTOCHINESECULTUREANDTHOUGHTPATTERNKEYWORDSCONVERSIONWORDCLASSESSENTENCECOMPONENTSPERSPECTIVESECTRANSLATION摘要论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用刘潇由于英汉两种语言在语法或表达习惯上存在巨大差异,在英汉翻译的过程中,译者往往需要改变原文的词类或句子成分。作为英汉翻译中常用的翻译技巧，转换法可以使译文自然、流畅、准确，既传达原意又符合汉语的表达习惯。本文共分三章。第一章介绍了英汉翻译过程中几种常见的词性转换方法，如原文中的名词或介词转换为译文中的动词。词性的转换通常会引起句子成分的改变，第二章分析了句子成分的转换现象。第三章讨论了如何将英语思维视角转换为相应的符合汉语文化和思维模式的视角。关键词转换法；词类；句子成分；视角；英译汉CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIIABSTRACTIIIABSTRACTINCHINESEIVINTRODUCTION1CHAPTERONECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSES3ICONVERSIONINTOCHINESEVERBS3IICONVERSIONINTOCHINESENOUNS5IIICONVERSIONINTOCHINESEADJECTIVES6IVCONVERSIONINTOCHINESEADVERBS7CHAPTERTWOCONVERSIONOFSENTENCECOMPONENTS9ICONVERSIONINTOCHINESESUBJECTS9IICONVERSIONINTOCHINESEPREDICATES10IIICONVERSIONINTOCHINESEOBJECTS11IVCONVERSIONINTOCHINESEATTRIBUTES11VCONVERSIONINTOCHINESECOMPLEMENTS12CHAPTERTHREECONVERSIONOFPERSPECTIVES14ICONVERSIONOFENGLISHIMPERSONALSUBJECTS14IICONVERSIONFROMTHEABSTRACTINTOTHECONCRETE17IIICONVERSIONFROMTHESTATIVEINTOTHEDYNAMIC17IVCONVERSIONFROMTHEPASSIVEINTOTHEACTIVE18VCONVERSIONBETWEENNEGATIVEANDAFFIRMATIVE18CONCLUSION20WORKSCITED21如有三级标题，可以IIIIIIIV编写，为简明，建议目录中尽量不要写三级标题，正文中可有三级标题。注意各级标题大小写，确保目录中的标题、页码与正文中的标题、页码保持对应。注意每段的首行缩进、行距、字体、字号等要保持全文一致INTRODUCTIONINTRANSLATIONWEMAYGOTHROUGHMANYPROCEDURESTOTRANSLATETHETEXTTOMAKEITACCEPTABLEFORTHESPECIFICCOMMUNICATIVESITUATIONTHETRANSLATINGPROCESSISEXPLAINEDASFOLLOWSTRANSLATIONISNOTTHETRANSCODINGOFWORDSORSENTENCESFROMONELANGUAGETOANOTHER,BUTACOMPLEXFORMOFACTION,WHEREBYSOMEONEPROVIDESINFORMATIONONATEXTSOURCELANGUAGEMATERIALINANEWSITUATIONANDUNDERCHANGEDFUNCTIONAL,CULTURALANDLINGUISTICCONDITIONS,PRESERVINGFORMALASPECTSASCLOSELYASPOSSIBLESNELLHORNBY82注意引语段格式ACCORDINGTOTHEEXPLANATION,INTRANSLATING,ATRANSLATORSTASKISTOCONVEYTHECONTENTANDSPIRITOFTHESOURCETEXTANDREARRANGETHEMINTOTHETARGETTEXTINASMOOTHANDLOGICALWAYUNDERTHENEWSPECIFICSITUATIONSANDCONDITIONSADDITIONALLY,WESHOULDREMEMBERTHAT“ANATURALSTYLEINTRANSLATINGISNEVERTHELESSESSENTIALTOPRODUCINGINTHEULTIMATERECEPTORSARESPONSESIMILARTOTHATOFTHEORIGINALRECEPTORS”MAANDMIAO17THEREFORE,EFFECTIVETRANSLATIONMETHODSANDTECHNIQUESAREUNDOUBTEDLYINDISPENSABLEINTRANSLATINGACTIVITIES注意文内引文规范。每个文献须在文末参考书目中出现。CONVERSION,ASAGRAMMATICALPHENOMENON,HASBEENAHOTSUBJECTINTHEFIELDOFLINGUISTICRESEARCHSINCESOURCELANGUAGEANDTARGETLANGUAGEAREQUITEDIFFERENTINNATUREANDUSE,ANDTHETARGETTEXTSHOULDCONVEYTHEMEANINGOFTHESOURCETEXTINTHECLOSESTNATURALMANNER,CONVERSIONBECOMESONEOFTHEMOSTEFFECTIVETECHNIQUESTOSEEKINTHETARGETLANGUAGETHEEQUIVALENTINFORMATIONOFTHESOURCELANGUAGEACLEARANDCORRECTEXPRESSIONOFTHESOURCETEXTISWHATREALLYMATTERSINTRANSLATION,FORITISCRUCIALINTRANSLATIONTOSEEKEQUIVALENCEINCONTENTORINFORMATION,BUTNOTABSOLUTEFORMALCORRESPONDENCE“FORMOSTPEOPLETHEINFORMATIVEFUNCTIONISPREDOMINANTLYTHEMAJORROLEOFLANGUAGE”HU10AGOODTRANSLATORWILLTHEREFOREEMPLOYALLPOSSIBLEMEANSTOREPRODUCETHETHOUGHTOFTHEAUTHORFAITHFULLYINANOTHERLANGUAGE“CONVERSIONHASLONGBEENACCEPTEDASONEOFTHETECHNIQUESESSENTIALTOIMPROVINGTHEQUALITYOFOURVERSION”ZHONG98,BYWHICHTHEMECHANICALTRANSLATIONCOULDBEAVOIDEDTHEREFOREITENABLESTRANSLATORSTOACHIEVEANATURALANDFAITHFULTRANSLATIONWHICHNOTONLYOFFERSINFORMATIONOFTHESOURCETEXTBUTALSOKEEPSWITHTHEEXPRESSIONHABITSOFTHETARGETLANGUAGEINTHISWAY,CONTENTSOFBOTHSOURCELANGUAGEANDTARGETLANGUAGEAREINACCORDANCEWITHEACHOTHER,THOUGHFORMSMAYBESOMEWHATCHANGEDTHETHESISARGUESTHAT,BECAUSEOFTHEGREATDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEINGRAMMARANDEXPRESSIONSTYLE,CONVERSIONBECOMESAFREQUENTLYUSEDTRANSLATIONTECHNIQUE,WHICHENABLESTRANSLATORSTOACHIEVEANATURAL,FLUENTANDACCURATETRANSLATIONINADDITIONTOINTRODUCTIONANDCONCLUSION,THETHESISCONSISTSOFTHREEPARTSTHEFIRSTCHAPTERDISCUSSESTHECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSESINENGLISHCHINESEECTRANSLATIONTHESECONDCHAPTERFOCUSESONTHECONVERSIONOFSENTENCECOMPONENTS,WHICHISUSUALLYCAUSEDBYTHECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSESTHETHIRDCHAPTEREXPLORESTHEAPPROACHESOFHOWTOCONVERTTHEENGLISHPERSPECTIVESINTOTHECORRESPONDINGONESINCHINESECHAPTERONECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSESINECTRANSLATION,ITISDIFFICULTTOGETANAPPROPRIATECORRESPONDINGCHINESEWORDFORANENGLISHWORDOFTHESAMECLASSALLTHETIMEIFEACHWORDINONELANGUAGEISREPLACEDWITHWORDSOFTHESAMEWORDCLASSESINANOTHER,SUCHEXPRESSIONSWOULDSOUNDVERYAWKWARDOREVENUNINTELLIGIBLETOTHEREADERTHEREFORE,EFFECTIVEUSEOFWORDCLASSCONVERSIONISCRUCIALANDNECESSARYINECTRANSLATIONICONVERSIONINTOCHINESEVERBSBECAUSEONEOFTHEMOSTREMARKABLEDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESELIESINTHEUSEOFTHEVERB,CONVERSIONINTOCHINESEVERBSHASBECOMETHEBASICCONVERSIONTECHNIQUEUSEDINECTRANSLATIONICONVERTINGENGLISHNOUNINTOCHINESEVERBASFORENGLISH,“ITSEEMSPOSSIBLETOEXPRESSIDEASWITHGREATERPRECISIONANDADEQUACYBYMEANSOFNOUNSTHANBYMEANSOFTHEMOREPICTORIALVERBS”JESPERSEN139THATISTOSAY,“ENGLISHISALANGUAGEINWHICHNOUNSAREMOREWIDELYUSEDTHANTHOSEINCHINESE,WHILEINCHINESEVERBSAREMOREFREQUENTLYUSEDANDOCCUPYADOMINANTPOSITION”ZHOU391,THEREFORESOMEENGLISHNOUNSAREOFTENCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEVERBSINTHEPRACTICALTRANSLATION注意文内引文规范。每个文献须在文末参考书目中出现。SPECIFICALLY,ANENGLISHNOUNWHICHPOSSESSESTHEPROPERTYOFAVERBORWASDERIVEDFROMAVERBISOFTENCONVERTEDINTOAVERBWHENTRANSLATEDINTOCHINESEHEREISANEXAMPLETOILLUSTRATETHISPOINTEXAMPLE1THEUSEOFBACTERIOLOGICALWEAPONSISACLEARVIOLATIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALLAW使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。IICONVERTINGENGLISHPREPOSITIONINTOCHINESEVERBITISKNOWNTHAT“THEREAREABOUT286PREPOSITIONSANDPREPOSITIONALPHRASESINENGLISH”LIAN50PREPOSITIONSORPREPOSITIONALPHRASESARESOWIDELYANDFREQUENTLYUSEDINENGLISHTHATENGLISHISSOMETIMESCALLEDPREPOSITIONALLANGUAGEPREPOSITIONSINENGLISH,WHICHAREVERYRICHANDFLEXIBLEINMEANING,HAVEAGREATPOWEROFEXPRESSIONONTHECONTRARY,THECHINESELANGUAGEISVERBORIENTED,SOITISNOTWITHOUTREASONTHATENGLISHPREPOSITIONSORPREPOSITIONALPHRASESAREOFTENCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEVERBSORVERBALPHRASESINECTRANSLATIONTHEREISANEXAMPLEBELOWEXAMPLE2ITISOURGOALTHATTHEPEOPLEINTHEUNDEVELOPEDAREASWILLBEFINALLYOFFPOVERTY我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。IIICONVERTINGENGLISHADJECTIVEINTOCHINESEVERBWHENMEETINGWITHSUCHENGLISHADJECTIVESTHATOFTENINDICATETHEHUMANPSYCHOLOGYORSTATEOFMIND,SUCHASONESCONSCIOUSNESS,EMOTIONALACTIVITIESANDDESIRES,TRANSLATORSUSUALLYCONVERTTHEMINTOCHINESEVERBSHEREISANEXAMPLETOILLUSTRATETHEPOINTEXAMPLE3ADVANCINGINTOTHEVASTNESSOFSPACE,MANISBECOMINGFULLYAWAREOFTHESMALLNESSOFHISPLANET由于进入浩无涯际的太空，人类已充分意识到本星球的渺小。IVCONVERTINGENGLISHADVERBINTOCHINESEVERBSOMEENGLISHADVERBS,WHICHHAVEANIMPLIEDMEANINGOFVERBS,IFNECESSARY,AREOFTENCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEVERBSTHEFOLLOWINGEXAMPLEILLUSTRATESTHISPOINTEXAMPLE4THEYFOUNDMRBENNETTSTILLUP他们发现班纳特先生还没有睡觉。VCONVERTINGENGLISHGERUNDINTOCHINESEVERBGERUND,ALSOCALLEDASAVERBALNOUN,OFTENSERVESFUNCTIONALLYASANOUNBUTRETAINSSOMEPROPERTIESOFAVERBINTHEORIGINALTEXTHOWEVER,THEREISNOSUCHLINGUISTICFORMOFINGINCHINESE,SOENGLISHGERUNDSAREGENERALLYCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEVERBSINECTRANSLATIONHEREISANEXAMPLEEXAMPLE5HEATINGWATERDOESNOTCHANGEITSCHEMICALCOMPOSITION把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。IICONVERSIONINTOCHINESENOUNSNOUNSACCOUNTFORANOVERWHELMINGPARTOFTHEVOCABULARYNOTONLYINENGLISHBUTINCHINESESOMEENGLISHWORDS,FOREXAMPLE,WHICHAREDERIVEDFROMNOUNS,CANHARDLYBETRANSLATEDLITERALLYTHEYAREUSUALLYCONVERTEDINTONOUNSICONVERTINGENGLISHVERBINTOCHINESENOUNBECAUSESOMEENGLISHVERBSDESCRIBINGTHECHARACTERISTICSORPROPERTIESOFTHESUBJECTAREDIFFICULTTOEXPRESSINEXACTCORRESPONDINGCHINESEVERBS,THEYAREOFTENCONVERTEDINTOCHINESENOUNSSOASTOACHIEVEASATISFACTORYTRANSLATIONHEREISANILLUSTRATIVEEXAMPLEEXAMPLE6TOTHEM,HEPERSONIFIEDTHEABSOLUTEPOWER在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。IICONVERTINGENGLISHADJECTIVEINTOCHINESENOUNSOMETIMESENGLISHADJECTIVESAREALSOCONVERTEDINTOCHINESENOUNSFORTHESMOOTHNESSOFTRANSLATIONTHEFOLLOWINGISONEEXAMPLEEXAMPLE7EVERYDAYEXPERIENCESHOWSUSTHATICEISNOTASDENSEASWATERANDITTHEREFOREFLOATS日常经验告诉我们，冰的密度比水小，因而能浮在水面上。GENERALLYSPEAKING,A“DEFINITEARTICLETHEADJECTIVE”CONSTRUCTIONINDICATESPEOPLEOFSOMEKINDORABSTRACTCONCEPTS,SOSUCHADJECTIVESAREOFTENCONVERTEDINTOCHINESENOUNSEXAMPLE8HEISALWAYSDREAMINGOFLIVINGALIFEASTHERICH他总是梦想过富人一样的生活。HERE,“THERICH”REFERRINGTOPEOPLEOFSOMEKINDISCONVERTEDINTOACHINESENOUNEXAMPLE9ITISHIGHLYIMPORTANTTODISTINGUISHBETWEENTHEFALSEANDTHETRUTH最重要的是分清是非。HERE,“THEFALSE”AND“THETRUTH”REFERRINGTOABSTRACTCONCEPTSARECONV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ESUBJECTSOFTHESENTENCEINTHEORIGINALENGLISHTEXTBUTRETAINSOMEPROPERTIESOFVERBS,AREOFTENCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEPREDICATEHEREISANEXAMPLETOILLUSTRATETHISPOINTEXAMPLE21AGLANCETHROUGHHISOFFICEWINDOWOFFERSAPANORAMICVIEWOFTHEWASHINGTONMONUMENTANDTHELINCOLNMEMORIAL从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念碑的全景。IIICONVERSIONINTOCHINESEOBJECTSACTUALLYTHISKINDOFCONVERSIONISCLOSELYRELATEDTOTHEPASSIVEHABITINENGLISH,WHICHISFURTHERELABORATEDINTHENEXTCHAPTERAS“AKINDOFCHANGEDVERBFORMSINENGLISH,”PASSIVEVOICE“EXPRESSESTHELOGICALVERBOBJECTRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENPREDICATEVERBANDITSSUBJECT,”ANDITSSUBJECTIS“ACTUALLYTHERECEIVEROFTHEPREDICATEVERBACTION”YAN116119WHATSMORE,“THEPASSIVEISESPECIALLYUSEDINENGLISHSENTENCESWHEREITISUNNECESSARYORUNDESIRABLETOMENTIONTHEAGENT”ZANDVOORT53BECAUSESENTENCESUSINGTHEPASSIVEVOICEARENOTSOCOMMONINCHINESE,ENGLISHSUBJECTSAREGENERALLYCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEOBJECTSHEREISANILLUSTRATIVEEXAMPLEEXAMPLE22ASTHEMATCHBURNS,HEATANDLIGHTAREGIVENOFF火柴燃烧时发出光和热。IVCONVERSIONINTOCHINESEATTRIBUTESIENGLISHSUBJECTCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEATTRIBUTESINCETHEREMAYBECLOSERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSUBJECTANDOBJECT,ORTHEOBJECTITSELFISPARTOFTHESUBJECT,THESUBJECTINTHESOURCELANGUAGEISOCCASIONALLYCONVERTEDINTOANATTRIBUTEFORTHESAKEOFNATURALNESSOFCHINESETHEREFORE,ITCANBECOHERENTINMEANINGASWELLASINLOGICDESPITETHECHANGEINTHEWORDORDERHEREISANEXAMPLETOILLUSTRATETHISPOINTEXAMPLE23VARIOUSSUBSTANCESDIFFERWIDELYINTHEIRMAGNETICCHARACTERISTICS各种材料的磁特性有很大不同。HERE,THESENTENCECONSTRUCTIONOFTHERENDEREDVERSIONISDIFFERENTFROMTHATOFTHEORIGINAL,BUTITCONVEYSTHEEXACTMEANINGINENGLISHIIENGLISHADVERBIALCONVERTEDINTOCHINESEATTRIBUTECERTAINPREPOSITIONALPHRASES,MOSTLYADVERBIALSOFPLACEANDTIME,SERVEASADVERBIALSINTHEFORM,BUTTHEYAREACTUALLYCONNECTEDCLOSELYWITHCERTAINNOUNSSUCHADVERBIALSMAYBECONVERTEDINTOATTRIBUTESINCHINESEHEREISANILLUSTRATIVEEXAMPLEEXAMPLE24THROUGHOUTTHEWORLD,OILCONSUMPTIONISGROWINGRAPIDLY全世界的石油消耗量正在迅速增长。VCONVERSIONINTOCHINESECOMPLEMENTSITISKNOWNTHAT,INENGLISH,ADVERBIALSMOSTCOMMONLYTAKETHEFORMOFADVERBS,ADVERBPHRASESORPREPOSITIONALPHRASESTOMODIFYVERBSHOWEVER,CHINESESENTENCESARETYPICALLYCONCERNEDWITHTHERESULTANDDIRECTIONOFAVERB,WHICHISSOMETIMESREFERREDTOBYWESTERNTEXTSASDOUBLEVERBSTHEACTIVEVERBOFASENTENCEISFOLLOWEDBYASECONDVERBWHICHINDICATESEITHERTHERESULTOFTHEFIRSTACTION,ORTHEDIRECTIONINWHICHITTAKESTHESUBJECTACOMPLEMENTOFRESULTUSUALLYINDICATESEITHERANABSOLUTEOUTCOMEORAPOSSIBLEOUTCOMETOILLUSTRATE,INTHEEXPRESSION听得懂“TOBEABLETOUNDERSTANDSOMETHINGYOUHEAR”,THEVERB听“TOLISTEN”WILLSERVEASTHEACTIVEVERB,AND懂“TOUNDERSTAND”WILLSERVEASTHECOMPLEMENTOFRESULTANOTHERILLUSTRATIVEEXAMPLEISASFOLLOWSEXAMPLE25THEATTRACTIVEFORCEBETWEENTHEMOLECULESISNEGLIGIBLYSMALL分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。TOILLUSTRATETHECOMPLEMENTSOFDIRECTION,WEMAYTAKEASEXAMPLESTHETWOSIMPLEDIRECTIONALCOMPLEMENTS,去“TOGO”AND来“TOCOME”,WHICHMAYBEPLACEDATTHEENDOFAVERBTOINDICATETHATITMOVESSOMEHOWAWAYORTOWARDSTHESPEAKER,RESPECTIVELYEXAMPLE26HEWALKEDUPTOWARDSME他走上来了。THEABOVEDISCUSSIONSHOWSTHAT,ALONGWITHTHECONVERSIONOFWORDCLASSES,THECONVERSIONOFSENTENCECOMPONENTSCANHELPACHIEVETHENATURALNESSANDACCURACY