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COMMERCIALINSTANTMESSAGINGFORAMOREMEANINGFULDESIGNATHESISINCOMPUTERSCIENCEPRESENTEDTOTHEFACULTYOFTHEINTERNATIONALCOLLEGE,ZHEJIANGUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYINFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEBACHELOROFSCIENCEINCOMPUTERSCIENCEBYZHUJIAQIJUNE,2010ONMYHONORASAUNIVERSITYSTUDENT,ONTHISASSIGNMENTIHAVENEITHERGIVENNORRECEIVEDUNAUTHORIZEDAIDASDEFINEDBYTHEHONORGUIDELINESFORPAPERSINCSFRIES1940,THISSUGGESTSTHATIMISAMOREFORMALREGISTERTHANSPEECHHOWEVER,WHENTHETEENAGERSDOINTENSIFYTHEIRADJECTIVES,THEIRPREFERREDCHOICEISSOTHUS,WHILETHETWOMEDIAMIRROREACHOTHERINEXHIBITINGTHESAMEINTENSIFYINGADVERBSOVERALL,THEREARESOMENOTABLEDIFFERENCESTHISISTHEFIRSTINDICATIONTHATIMCANNOTSIMPLYBELABELEDASPEECHLIKEREGISTERITMIXESINNOVATIVETRENDSALONGSIDEANOVERARCHINGCONSERVATIVENATURE163INSTANTMESSAGINGSECURITYASDISCUSSEDTHROUGHOUTTHISCHAPTER,THEUSEOFIMCANPUTONEATRISKOFHAVINGCONFIDENTIALINFORMATIONDISCLOSEDAHACKERCANOBTAINPASSWORDS,SYSTEMCONFIGURATIONINFORMATION,ANDSENSITIVEFILESVIAIMTHISDATACANBESTOLENWITHOUTABREACHOFTHEACTUALSYSTEMANDWITHOUTTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEIMUSERMOREIMPORTANTLY,THERESULTANTDAMAGEDUETOINFORMATIONDISCLOSURECANOUTWEIGHTHEDIRECTDAMAGEDUETOAMALICIOUSTHREATOTHERTHREATSAREHIJACKINGIM,SESSIONS,IMPERSONATINGOTHERUSERS,MALICIOUSLYPROXYINGDATA,SNIFFINGNETWORKTRAFFIC,PASSWORDTHEFT,ANDEXPORTINGDATAVIAIM,ALLIMPORTANTASSETSTOASPYWHOWANTSTOEXPLOITIM8INSUPPORTOFVARIOUSENTERPRISEITINITIATIVE,SELF/RECOMMEND,CUSTOMIZE,IMPLEMENT,DOCUMENT,ANDTRANSITIONTOOPERATIONSREUSABLETECHNICALSECURITYSERVICECOMPONENTS,INCLUDINGFIREWALLSYSTEMS,INTRUSIONDETECTIONSYSTEMS,AUTHENTICATIONSYSTEMS,AUTHORIZATIONSYSTEMS,AUDITTRAILMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS,VIRUSDETECTIONANDPREVENTIONSYSTEMS,CRYPTOGRAPHICSYSTEMS,ANDMANYOTHERS8MOSTCOMMUNICATIONSINIMSYSTEMSARECLIENTSERVERBASED,WHEREEACHUSERSHARESASECRET,USERCHOSENOFTEN“WEAK”PASSWORDWITHTHEIMSERVERAPASSWORDHASHISGENERALLYEXCHANGEDBETWEENACLIENTANDASERVERFORAUTHENTICATIONMESSAGESAMONGUSERSAREALSOTYPICALLYRELAYEDTHROUGHTHESERVERMAINLYTOAVOIDFIREWALLISSUESHOWEVER,PURELYPEERTOPEERCOMMUNICATIONSALSOOCCURINSOMESITUATIONSEGAUDIO/VIDEOCHAT,FILETRANSFERCOMMUNICATIONSOCCURMOSTLYOVERTCPHOWEVER,UDPISSOMETIMESUSEDINPEERTOPEERCONNECTIONSALSO,SSLISUSEDINSOMECORPORATEIMSERVICESEGREUTERSMESSAGING9ANDINTHEAUTHENTICATIONPHASEOFTHECURRENTLYAVAILABLEMSNPROTOCOLWHILETHEIMSERVERAPPEARSTOBEASINGLEENTITYTOACLIENT,ITMAYBEAGROUPOFSERVERSCONTROLLEDBYASINGLEIMSERVICEPROVIDER,ORACOLLECTIONOFSERVERSFROMINDEPENDENTIMSERVICEPROVIDERSIFUSERAWANTSTOCOMMUNICATEINSTANTLYWITHUSERB,BOTHMUSTLOGINTOHESAMEIMSERVICEMESSAGESFROMATOBWILLBEDELIVEREDBYTHESERVERDEPENDINGONBSPRIVACYSETTINGSFORDIRECTCOMMUNICATIONSBETWEENAANDB,THESERVERPROVIDESNECESSARYINFORMATIONEGNETWORKADDRESSTOEACHPARTYFIGURE3SHOWSTHESTANDARDIMCOMMUNICATIONSMODELFORSINGLEANDMULTIPLESERVERS14TOENSURECONFIDENTIALITYREQUIREMENTS,THECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHECLIENTSISPROTECTEDBYENDTOENDENCRYPTIONATAPPLICATIONLEVELADDITIONALSECURITYMECHANISMSAREINCLUDED,BASEDONTHESOLUTIONSIMPLEMENTEDINASYSTEMFORCOMMUNICATINGSENSITIVEINFORMATIONBETWEENINSECUREANDSECURENETWORKS,DEVELOPEDBYNST20ASSHOWNINFIGURE4,THENETWORKUSEDBYHEALTHCAREWORKERSISSEPARATEDINTODIFFERENTZONESWITHCORRESPONDINGSECURITYLEVELSTHESECUREZONE,THEINTERNALZONE,ADEMILITARIZEDZONEDMZ,ANDTHEOPENINTERNETTHELOCALNETWORKINTHEHOSPITALISREGARDEDASECUREZONEITISSEPARATEDFROMTHEHEALTHCARENETWORKBYFIREWALLSOLUTIONSTHENORWEGIANHEALTHCARENETWORKCONNECTSALARGENUMBEROFHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONSITISINTHISCASEREGARDEDANINTERNALZONETHEHEALTHCARENETWORKISSEPARATEDFROMTHEOPENINTERNETBYADOUBLESETOFFIREWALLSOLUTIONSTHEDMZISATTHEINTERFACEBETWEENTHEHEALTHCARENETWORKANDTHEINTERNET54INSTANTMESSAGINGSOFTWAREARCHITECTUREOLLYISAWEBAPPLICATIONBUILTUSINGTHEAJAXASYNCHRONOUSJAVASCRIPTANDXMLPROTOCOLFUNCTIONALITYISACCESSEDTHROUGHASINGLEWEBPAGE,THECONTENTSOFWHICHAREUPDATEDTOREFLECTUSERACTIONSMUCHOFTHEAPPLICATIONLOGICISIMPLEMENTEDINTHEBROWSERONTHECLIENTSIDEAMYSQLDATABASEISUSETOTRACKTHEPRESENCEOFUSERS,ANDTOMAINTAINADETAILEDHISTORYOFINTERACTIONTHROUGHTHETOOLCHATMESSAGES,LOGIN/OUTSANDPERIODSOFACTIVITY/INACTIVITYARERECORDEDSERVERSIDEFUNCTIONALITYISIMPLEMENTEDATOPRUBYONRAILS,APOPULAROPENSOURCEWEBDEVELOPMENTFRAMEWORKBUILTINTHERUBYPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGETHISLAYERMANAGESAUTHENTICATIONOFUSERS,ANDEXPOSESSERVICEURLSUSUALLYSERVINGDATAASJSONTOTHEAJAX/JAVASCRIPTCLIENTEGTHECLIENTQUERIESASPECIFICURLFORCHATMESSAGESRECORDEDSINCETHECLIENTLASTPOLLEDTHESERVER,THESERVERRETURNSCHATMESSAGESASJSONDATATHEBULKOFTHEAPPLICATIONISIMPLEMENTEDINJAVASCRIPTINTHECLIENTWEBBROWSERTHEDOJOJAVASCRIPTLIBRARYISUSEDFORLAYOUTANDINTERFACEWIDGETS,ANDTOPROVIDEACROSSBROWSERCOMPATIBLEPLATFORMFOREVENTHANDLINGANDAJAXREQUESTS13WITHTHISINFRASTRUCTUREINPLACE,LETUSCONSIDERAOLUSERAWHOWISHESTOCOMMUNICATEWITHYAHOOUSERYFORTHEFIRSTTIMETHEFOLLOWINGSTEPSWILLTAKEPLACESEEFIGURE61INITIALCONTACTASGATEWAYINTERCEPTSABUDDYADDITIONREQUESTFROMAFORYYAHOOTHEGATEWAYTHENLOOKSUPYYAHOOINTHEDHTTO_NDTHEIPADDRESSOFYSGATEWAY2ASKFORPERMISSIONASGATEWAYSENDSTHEPERMISSIONREQUESTTOYSGATEWAYIFUSERYISONLINE,YACCEPTSORDENIESTHEBUDDYADDITIONREQUEST,ANDTHERESPONSEISCOMMUNICATEDBACKVIATHEGATEWAYSTOAIFUS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