外文翻译-机床自动化

毕业论文中英文翻译MACHINETOOLAUTOMATION484TECHNICALINNOVATIONINNCMACHINETOOLS4841FUNCTIONALANDSTRUCTURALINNOVATIONBYMULTITASKINGANDMULTIAXISTURNINGANDMILLINGINTEGRATEDMACHINETOOLRECENTLY,ATURNINGANDMILLINGINTEGRATEDMACHINETOOLHASBEENDEVELOPEDASASOPHISTICATEDTURNINGCENTERITALSOHASAROTATINGCUTTINGTOOLWHICHCANPERFORMMILLINGOPERATIONBESIDESTURNINGOPERATION,ASSHOWNINFIG4818THEBENEFITSOFTHEUSEOFTURNINGANDMILLINGINTEGRATEDMACHINETOOLSARE1REDUCTIONOFPRODUCTIONTIME2IMPROVEDMACHININGACCURACY3REDUCTIONOFFLOORSPACEANDINITIALCOSTASTHEHIGHPERFORMANCEOFTHESEMACHINETOOLSWASACCEPTED,THECONFIGURATIONBECAMEMOREANDMORECOMPLICATEDMULTISPINDLESANDMULTITURRETSAREINTEGRATEDTOPERFORMMULTITASKSSIMULTANEOUSLYTHEMACHINETOOLSHOWNINFIG4818HASTWOSPINDLESONEMILLINGSPINDLEWITHFOURAXESANDONETURRETWITHTWOAXESINCREASINGTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHESEMACHINETOOLSCAUSESTHERISKOFMACHINECRASHESDURINGMACHININGOPERATION,ANDREQUIRESCAREFULPARTPROGRAMMINGTOAVOIDMACHINECRASHESFIG4818MILLINGANDTURNINGINTEGRATEDMACHINETOOLCOURTESYOFYAMAZAKIMAZAKCORPFIVEAXISMACHININGCENTERMULTIAXISMACHININGCENTERSAREEXPANDINGINPRACTICALAPPLICATIONSRAPIDLYTHEMULTIAXISMACHININGCENTERISAPPLIEDTOGENERATEAWORKPIECEWITHCOMPLEXGEOMETRYWITHASINGLEMACHINESETUPINPARTICULAR,FIVEAXISMACHININGCENTERSHAVEBECOMEPOPULARFORMACHININGAIRCRAFTPARTSANDCOMPLICATEDSURFACESSUCHASDIESANDMOLDSATYPICALFIVEAXISMACHININGCENTERISSHOWNINFIG4819BENEFITSTOTHEUSEOFMULTIAXISMACHININGCENTERSARE1REDUCTIONOFPREPARATIONTIME2REDUCTIONOFPRODUCTIONTIME3IMPROVEDMACHININGACCURACYFIG4819FIVEAXISMACHININGCENTERCOURTESYOFMORISEIKICOLTDPARALLELKINEMATICMACHINETOOLAPARALLELKINEMATICMACHINETOOLISCLASSIFIEDASAMULTIAXISMACHINETOOLINTHEPASTYEARS,PARALLELKINEMATICMACHINETOOLSPKMHAVEBEENSTUDIEDWITHINTERESTFORTHEIRADVANTAGESOFHIGHSTIFFNESS,LOWINERTIA,HIGHACCURACY,ANDHIGHSPEEDCAPABILITYOKUMACORPORATIONINJAPANDEVELOPEDTHEPARALLELMECHANISMMACHINETOOLCOSMOCENTERPM600SHOWNINFIG4820THISMACHINETOOLACHIEVESHIGHSPEEDANDHIGHDEGREESOFFREEDOMMACHININGOPERATIONFORPRACTICALPRODUCTSALSO,HIGHSPEEDMILLINGOFAFREESURFACEISSHOWNINFIG4820FIG4820PARALLELKINEMATICMACHININGCENTERCOURTESYOFOKUMACORPULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLRECENTLY,ULTRAPRECISIONMACHININGTECHNOLOGYHASEXPERIENCEDMAJORADVANCESINMACHINEDESIGN,PERFORMANCE,ANDPRODUCTIVITYULTRAPRECISIONMACHININGWASSUCCESSFULLYADOPTEDFORTHEMANUFACTUREOFCOMPUTERMEMORYDISCSUSEDINHARDDISKDRIVESHDD,ANDALSOPHOTOREFLECTORCOMPONENTSUSEDINPHOTOCOPIERSANDPRINTERSTHESEAPPLICATIONSREQUIREEXTREMELYHIGHGEOMETRICALACCURACIESANDFORMDEVIATIONSINCOMBINATIONWITHSUPERSMOOTHSURFACESTHEFANUCROBONANOA0IBISSHOWNINFIG4821ASANEXAMPLEOFAFIVEAXISULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLNANOMETERSERVOCONTROLTECHNOLOGIESANDAIRBEARINGTECHNOLOGIESARECOMBINEDTOREALIZEANULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLTHISMACHINEPROVIDESVARIOUSMACHININGMETHODSFORMASSPRODUCTIONWITHNANOMETERPRECISIONINTHEFIELDSOFOPTICALELECTRONICS,SEMICONDUCTOR,MEDICAL,ANDBIOTECHNOLOGYFIG4821ULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLCOURTESYOFFANUCLTD4842INNOVATIONINCONTROLSYSTEMSTOWARDINTELLIGENTCNCMACHINETOOLSTHEFRAMEWORKOFFUTUREINTELLIGENTCNCMACHINETOOLSISSUMMARIZEDINFIG4822ACONVENTIONALCNCCONTROLSYSTEMHASTWOMAJORLEVELSTHESERVOCONTROLLEVEL1INFIG4822ANDTHEINTERPOLATORLEVEL2FORTHEAXIALMOTIONCONTROLOFMACHINETOOLSCERTAINLY,THECONVENTIONALCNCCONTROLSYSTEMCANACHIEVEHIGHLYSOPHISTICATEDMOTIONCONTROL,BUTITCANNOTACHIEVESOPHISTICATEDCUTTINGPROCESSCONTROLTWOADDITIONALLEVELSOFCONTROLHIERARCHY,LEVELS3AND4INFIG4822,AREREQUIREDFORAFUTUREINTELLIGENTCNCCONTROLSYSTEMTOACHIEVEMORESOPHISTICATEDPROCESSCONTROLMACHININGOPERATIONSBYCONVENTIONALCNCMACHINETOOLSAREGENERALLYDOMINATEDBYNCPROGRAMS,ANDONLYFEEDSPEEDCANBEADAPTEDFORSOPHISTICATEDCUTTINGPROCESSCONTROL,DYNAMICADAPTATIONOFCUTTINGPARAMETERSISINDISPENSABLETHEADAPTIVECONTROLACSCHEMEISASSIGNEDATAHIGHERLEVELLEVEL3OFTHECONTROLHIERARCHY,ENABLINGINTELLIGENTPROCESSMONITORING,WHICHCANDETECTMACHININGSTATEINDEPENDENTLYOFCUTTINGCONDITIONSANDMACHININGOPERATIONLEVEL4INFIG4822ISUSUALLYREGARDEDASASUPERVISORYLEVELTHATRECEIVESFEEDBACKFROMMEASUREMENTSOFTHEFINISHEDPARTAREASONABLEINDEXTOEVALUATETHECUTTINGRESULTSANDAREASONABLESTRATEGYTOIMPROVECUTTINGRESULTSAREREQUIREDATTHISLEVELFORTHISPURPOSE,THEUTILIZATIONOFKNOWLEDGE,KNOWHOW,ANDSKILLRELATEDTOMACHININGOPERATIONSHASTOBECONSIDEREDEFFECTIVEUTILIZATIONOFFEEDBACKINFORMATIONREGARDINGTHECUTTINGRESULTSISVERYIMPORTANTFIG4822FRAMEWORKOFINTELLIGENTMACHINETOOLSCAPPCOMPUTERAIDEDPROCESSPLANNINGADDITIONALLY,ANAUTONOMOUSPROCESSPLANNINGSTRATEGY,WHICHCANGENERATEAFLEXIBLEANDADAPTIVEWORKINGPLAN,ISREQUIREDASAFUNCTIONOFINTELLIGENTCNCMACHINETOOLSITMUSTBERESPONSIVEANDADAPTIVETOUNPREDICTABLECHANGES,SUCHASJOBDELAY,JOBINSERTION,ANDMACHINEBREAKDOWNONMACHININGSHOPFLOORSINORDERTOGENERATETHEOPERATIONPLANAUTONOMOUSLY,SEVERALPLANNINGANDINFORMATIONPROCESSINGFUNCTIONSARENEEDEDOPERATIONPLANNING,CUTTINGTOOLSELECTION,CUTTINGPARAMETERSASSIGNMENT,ANDTOOLPATHGENERATIONFOREACHMACHININGOPERATIONAREREQUIREDATTHEMACHINELEVELPRODUCTDATAANALYSISANDMACHININGFEATURERECOGNITIONAREIMPORTANTISSUESASPARTOFINFORMATIONPROCESSING4843CURRENTTECHNOLOGIESOFADVANCEDCNCMACHINETOOLSOPENARCHITECTURECONTROLTHECONCEPTOFOPENARCHITECTURECONTROLOACWASPROPOSEDINTHEEARLY1990STHEMAINAIMOFOACWASEASYIMPLEMENTATIONANDINTEGRATIONOFCUSTOMERSPECIFICCONTROLSBYMEANSOFOPENINTERFACESANDCONFIGURATIONMETHODSINAVENDERNEUTRALSTANDARDIZEDENVIRONMENT482ITPROVIDESTHEMETHODSANDUTILITIESFORINTEGRATINGUSERSPECIFICREQUIREMENTS,ANDITISREQUIREDTOIMPLEMENTSEVERALINTELLIGENTCONTROLAPPLICATIONSFORPROCESSMONITORINGANDCONTROLALTINTASHASDEVELOPEDAUSERFRIENDLY,RECONFIGURABLE,ANDMODULARTOOLKITCALLEDTHEOPENREALTIMEOPERATINGSYSTEMORTSORTSHASSEVERALINTELLIGENTMACHININGMODULES,ASSHOWNINFIG4823ITCANBEUSEDFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFREALTIMESIGNALPROCESSING,MOTION,ANDPROCESSCONTROLAPPLICATIONSASAMPLETOOLPATHGENERATIONUSINGQUINTICSPLINEINTERPOLATIONFORHIGHSPEEDMACHININGISDESCRIBEDASANAPPLICATION,ANDASAMPLECUTTINGFORCECONTROLHASALSOBEENDEMONSTRATED483FIG4823APPLICATIONOFORTSONTHEDESIGNOFCNCANDMACHININGPROCESSMONITORINGAFTER483DSPDIGITALSIGNALPROCESSORFFTFASTFOURIERTRANSFORM,FRFFREQUENCYRESPONSEFUNCTION,PIDPROPORTIONALINTEGRALDERIVATIVECONTROLLER,PPCPOLEPLACEMENTCONTROLLER,CCCCROSSCOUPLINGCONTROLLER,ZPETCZEROPHASEERRORTRACKINGCONTROLLER,L/OINPUT/OUTPUT,MTMACHINETOOLMORIANDYAMAZAKIDEVELOPEDANOPENSERVOCONTROLSYSTEMFORANINTELLIGENTCNCMACHINETOOLTOMINIMIZETHEENGINEERINGTASKREQUIREDFORIMPLEMENTINGCUSTOMINTELLIGENTCONTROLFUNCTIONSTHECONCEPTUALDESIGNOFTHISSYSTEMISSHOWNINFIG4824THESOFTWAREMODELREFERENCEADAPTIVECONTROLWASIMPLEMENTEDASACUSTOMINTELLIGENTFUNCTION,ANDAFEASIBILITYSTUDYWASCONDUCTEDTOSHOWTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHEOPENSERVOCONTROL484OPENARCHITECTURECONTROLWILLREACHTHELEVELOFMATURITYREQUIREDTOREPLACECURRENTCNCCONTROLLERSINTHENEARFUTURETHECUSTOMINTELLIGENTCONTROLFUNCTIONSREQUIREDFORANINTELLIGENTMACHINETOOLWILLBEEASYTOIMPLEMENTWITHTHECNCCONTROLLERMACHININGPERFORMANCEINTERMSOFHIGHERACCURACYANDPRODUCTIVITYWILLTHEREBYBEENHANCEDFIG4824CONCEPTUALDESIGNOFOPENSERVOSYSTEMAFTER484FEEDBACKOFCUTTINGINFORMATIONYAMAZAKIPROPOSEDTRUECNCASAFUTUREORIENTEDCNCCONTROLLERTRUECNCWASNAMEDAFTERTHEFOLLOWINGKEYWORDSTTRANSPARENT,TRANSPORTABLE,TRANSPLANTABLE,RREVIVABLE,UUSERRECONFIGURABLE,ANDEEVOLVINGTHESYSTEMCONSISTSOFANINFORMATIONSERVICE,QUALITYCONTROLANDDIAGNOSIS,MONITORING,CONTROL,ANALYSIS,ANDPLANNINGSECTIONS,ASSHOWNINFIG4825485TRUECNCALLOWSTHEOPERATORTOACHIEVEMAXIMUMPRODUCTIVITYANDHIGHESTQUALITYFORMACHINEDPARTSINAGIVENENVIRONMENTWITHAUTONOMOUSCAPTUREOFMACHININGOPERATIONPROFICIENCYANDMACHININGKNOWHOWTHEAUTONOMOUSCOORDINATEMEASUREMENTPLANNINGACMPSYSTEMISACOMPONENTOFTRUECNC,ANDENHANCESTHEOPERABILITYOFCOORDINATEMEASURINGMACHINESCMMSTHEACMPGENERATESPROBEPATHSAUTONOMOUSLYFORINLINEMEASUREMENTOFMACHINEDPARTS486INSPECTIONRESULTSORMEASUREMENTDATAAREUTILIZEDTOEVALUATETHEMACHININGPROCESSTOBEFINISHEDANDTOASSISTINTHEDECISIONMAKINGPROCESSFORNEWOPERATIONPLANNINGTHEAUTONOMOUSMACHININGPROCESSANALYZERAMPASYSTEMISALSOACOMPONENTOFTRUECNCINORDERTORETRIEVEKNOWLEDGE,KNOWHOW,ANDSKILLRELATEDTOMACHININGOPERATIONS,THEAMPAANALYZESNCPROGRAMSCODEDBYEXPERIENCEDMACHININGOPERATORSANDGATHERSMACHININGINFORMATIONMACHININGPROCESSSEQUENCE,CUTTINGCONDITIONS,MACHININGTIME,ANDMACHININGFEATURESAREDETECTEDAUTOMATICALLYANDSTOREDINTHEMACHININGKNOWHOWDATABASE487,WHICHISTHENUSEDTOGENERATENEWOPERATIONPLANSMITSUISHIDEVELOPEDACAD/CAMMUTUALINFORMATIONFEEDBACKMACHININGSYSTEMWHICHHASCAPABILITIESFORCUTTINGSTATEMONITORING,ADAPTIVECONTROL,ANDLEARNINGTHESYSTEMCONSISTSOFACADSYSTEM,ADATABASE,ANDAREALTIMECONTROLLER,ASSHOWNINFIG4826488THECNCMACHINETOOLEQUIPPEDWITHASIXAXISFORCESENSORWASCONTROLLEDTOOBTAINTHESTABILITYLOBEDIAGRAMCUTTINGPARAMETERS,SUCHASDEPTHOFCUT,SPINDLESPEED,ANDFEEDSPEED,AREMODIFIEDDYNAMICALLYACCORDINGTOTHESEQUENCEFORFINDINGSTABLECUTTINGSTATES,ANDTHESTABILITYLOBEDIAGRAMISOBTAINEDAUTONOMOUSLYTHESTABILITYLOBEDIAGRAMISTHENUSEDTODETERMINECHATTERFREECUTTINGCONDITIONSFURTHERMORE,MITSUISHIPROPOSEDANETWORKEDREMOTEMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMWHICHPROVIDESREMOTEOPERATINGANDMONITORING489THESYSTEMDEMONSTRATEDTHECAPABILITYTOTRANSMITTHEMACHININGSTATEINREALTIMETOTHEOPERATORWHOISLOCATEDFARFROMTHEMACHINETOOLTHEOPERATORCANMODIFYTHECUTTINGCONDITIONSINREALTIMEDEPENDINGONTHEMACHININGSTATEMONITOREDFIVEAXISCONTROLMOSTCOMMERCIALCAMSYSTEMSARENOTSUFFICIENTTOGENERATESUITABLECUTTERLOCATIONCLDATAFORFIVEAXISCONTROLMACHININGTHECLDATAMUSTBEADEQUATELYGENERATEDANDVERIFIEDTOAVOIDTOOLCOLLISIONWITHTHEWORKPIECE,FIXTURE,ANDMACHINETOOLINGENERAL,FIVEAXISCONTROLMACHININGHASTHEADVANTAGEOFENABLINGARBITRARYTOOLPOSTURE,BUTITMAKESITDIFFICULTTOFINDASUITABLETOOLPOSTUREFORAMACHININGSTRATEGYWITHOUTTOOLCOLLISIONMORISHIGEANDTAKEUCHIAPPLIEDTHECONCEPTOFCSPACETOGENERATETOOLCOLLISIONFREECLDATAFORFIVEAXISCONTROL4810,11THETWODIMENSIONALCSPACEISUSEDTOREPRESENTTHERELATIONBETWEENTHETOOLPOSTUREANDTHECOLLISIONAREA,ASSHOWNINFIG4827ALSO,THREEDIMENSIONALCSPACEISUSEDTOGENERATETHEMOSTSUITABLECLDATAWHICHSATISFYTHEMACHININGSTRATEGY,SMOOTHTOOLMOVEMENT,GOODSURFACEROUGHNESS,ANDSOONEXPERIMENTALFIVEAXISCONTROLCOLLISIONFREEMACHININGWASPERFORMEDSUCCESSFULLY,ASSHOWNINFIG4828机床自动化484数控机床的技术创新4841通过多任务和多主轴进行功能和结构的创新车铣复合机床近日，车削和铣削一体机工具已经发展成为一个复杂的车削中心。它也有一个旋转切削工具，它可以执行除了转弯操作以外的铣削操作如图4818所示。车铣复合机床的优势是1减少生产时间。2提高加工精度。3减少占地面积和初始投入。随着这些机床的高性能被认可，其结构也变得越来越复杂。结合多主轴和多转塔可以同时执行多个任务。图4818的机床有两个主轴一个铣削主轴有4个轴、一个转塔有两个轴。随着机床的复杂性增加，造成了机械加工过程中导致机器崩溃的风险，因此需要小心编程，以避免机器崩溃。图4818铣削和车削综合机床（山崎马扎克公司提供五轴加工中心多轴加工中心在实际应用中迅速成长。多轴加工中心适用于用于生成具有复杂几何形状的工件与单一的机器设置。特别是，五轴加工中心已普遍应用于飞机零部件和复杂的表面如模具的加工。如图4819所示是一个典型的五轴加工中心。多轴加工中心的使用效益有1减少准备时间。2减少生产时间。3改进加工精度。图4819五轴加工中心（森精机有限公司提供）并联机床一个并联运动机床被归类为多主轴机床。在过去的几年中，对并联机床（PKM）进行了研究，他们的优势有高刚度，低惯性，高精度，高速度。本大隈公司研发的并联机床COSMOCENTERPM600如图4820所示。该机床实现了对产品高速和高自由度的机械加工。此外，高速铣削的自由表面也如图4820所示。图4820并联加工中心（大隈公司提供）超精密机床最近，超精密加工技术在机械设计，性能和生产力方面经历了重大进展。超精密加工，成功地采用了用于制造中使用的硬盘驱动器（HDD）的计算机内存光盘，影印机和打印机中使用的光反射器元件。这些应用需要极高的几何精度和结合与超光滑表面的形状偏差。如图4821所示的FANUCROBONANO0IB是作为五轴超精密机床的一个例子。纳米伺服控制技术和空气轴承技术相结合，形成了超精密机床。本机实现了各种加工方法在光学电子，半导体，医疗和生物等技术领域纳米精度的大规模生产。图4821超精密机床（发那科公司提供）4842数控机床控制系统的智能化创新总结了未来智能数控机床的框架图，见图4822。传统的数控系统主要有两个层次伺服控制（图48221级）和内插（2级）的轴向运动控制机床。当然，传统的CNC控制系统可以实现高度复杂的运动控制，但它不能达到精密的切割过程中控制。另外两个级别的控制层次，级别3和4，见4822，都需要为未来的智能数控控制系统，实现更复杂的过程控制。传统的数控机床加工操作一般是占主导地位的NC程序，只进给速度可以适应。对于更复杂切割过程控制，动态适应切削参数是必不可少的。自适应控制（AC）计划在较高的水平（第3级）的控制层次结构分配，实现智能的过程监控，它可以检测独立的切削条件和加工操作和状态。如图4822的4级通常被看作是接收测量的成品部分反馈的监督水平。合理的评价指标切割效果和合理的策略，以提高切割的结果，需要在这个水平。为了这个目的，利用加工操作有关的知识，诀窍和技能，必须考虑到关于切割效果的反馈信息的资源的有效利用是非常重要的。图4822智能机床的框架（CAPP计算机辅助工艺规划）此外，需要一个自治过程规划战略，它可以产生一个灵活和适应性的工作计划，作为一个功能的智能型数控机床。它必须响应和适应不可预知的变化，如工作延迟，作业插入，以及对加工车间的机器故障。为了产生自主的操作计划，一些规划和信息处理功能是必要的。操作规划，刀具选择，切削参数的分配，为每个加工操作和刀具路径生成需要在机器的水平。产品数据分析和加工特征识别作为信息处理的重要问题。4843目前先进的数控机床技术开放式体系结构控制开放式体系结构控制（OAC）的概念是在20世纪90年代初提出的。OAC的主要目的是通过开放的接口和配置方法易于实施和集成的客户的具体控制在一个供应商中立的标准化环境482。它提供的方法和工具，用于整合用户的具体要求，它需要实现几个过程监测和控制的智能控制应用。ALTINTAS已经开发出一种人性化，可重构，模块化的工具包称为开放的实时操作系统（ORTS）。ORTS有几个智能加工模块，如图4823所示。它可以被用来为实时信号处理，运动，和过程控制应用的发展。五次样条插值的高速加工刀具路径生成的样本应用程序，被描述为一个试样切割力控制也得到了证实483。图4823ORTS应用数控的设计和加工过程监控（后483）（DSP数字信号处理器。FFT快速傅立叶变换，FRF频率响应功能，PID比例积分微分控制器，PPC极安置控制器，CCC交叉耦合控制器，ZPETC零相位