翻译文献-智能工作流-工作流技术发展现状

外文原文INTELLIGENTWORKFLOWSTATEOFTHEARTINWORKFLOWTHISSUMMARYOFOURLITERATURESEARCHINTHEAREAOFWORKFLOWISINTENDEDASANINTRODUCTIONTOTHEBASICCONCEPTSANDASTATEMENTABOUTEXISITINGACHIEVEMENTSANDCHALLENGESWITHINTHEFIELDTHEFIRSTSECTIONGIVESTHEOVERVIEWOFTHEPROBLEMSADDRESSEDBYTHEWORKFLOWCOMMUNITYANDTHEBASICCONCEPTSBEHINDTHEWORKFLOWSOLUTIONTHESUMMARYTHENDIVIDESTHETECHNICALSTATEOFTHEARTDISCUSSIONSINTO2BROADFIELDS1PROCESSMODELINGTECHNIQUESANDTOOLSINCLUDINGPROCESSSPECIFICATIONLANGUAGES2WORKFLOWMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSOFTENREFERREDTOASWORKFLOWENGINESOVERVIEWOFWORKFLOWDOMAINWORKFLOWISADOMAINTHATHASEVOLVEDFROMSEVERALFIELDS,BUSINESSMANAGEMENT,MODELING,SIMULATIONAND,TOALESSEREXTENT,PLANNINGANDCONTROLITHASPRIMARILYEVOLVEDFROMTHENEEDTOUNDERSTAND,TOORGANISEAND,OFTENULTIMATELY,TOAUTOMATETHEPROCESSESONWHICHABUSINESSISBASEDHOWEVER,ITCANALSOBECHARACTERIZEDBYTHEANALYSISANDAUTOMATIONOFPROCESSESOFANYKINDINVOLVINGCOMBINATIONSOFHUMANSANDMACHINEBASEDACTIVITIES,PARTICULARLYINFORMATIONINTENSIVEACTIVITIESWORKFLOW,INGENERAL,ISDEFINEDBYTHEWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTCOALITIONWFMCAS“THEAUTOMATIONOFABUSINESSPROCESS,INWHOLEORPART,DURINGWHICHDOCUMENTS,INFORMATIONORTASKSAREPASSEDFROMONEPARTICIPANTTOANOTHERFORACTION,ACCORDINGTOASETOFPROCEDURALRULES“WFMC96WEHAVEEMPHASISEDTHEWORKBUSINESSINTHEABOVEDEFINITIONBECAUSEWESEEWORKFLOWASBEINGAPPLICABLETOMANYTYPESOFPROCESSNOTONLYBUSINESSPROCESSESANDTHEREFORETHETECHNIQUESOFWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTASAPPLICABLETOAWIDEVARIETYOFCOORDINATIONANDCONTROLPROBLEMSHOWEVER,THISSUMMARYWILLCONCENTRATEONTHEEVOLUTIONOFWORKFLOWWITHINTHEBUSINESSMANAGEMENTDOMAINASITDOMINATESTHELITERATUREINAFINALSECTIONWEWILLEXPLORETHEIMPLICATIONSOFPOLICYANDTECHNOLOGIESBEINGDEVELOPEDTOALLOWEFFECTIVESTATEMENTOFPOLICYANDINTEGRATIONWITHTHEEMERGINGWORKFLOWTOOLSANDTECHNIQUESFIGURE1BELOWISADAPTEDFROMONEBYTHEWFMCINITSREFERENCEMODELWFMC94FIGURE1ARCHITECTUREFORCURRENTWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTECHNOLOGYPROCESSMODELINGTOOLSANDTECHNIQUESABSTRACTORGRAPHICALREPRESENTATIONSOFANORGANIZATIONSPROCESSESARECALLED“PROCESSMODEL“PROCESSMODELSAREANEXCELLENTTOOLFORBOTHTHEANALYSISANDREENGINEERINGHOWEVER,THEYALSOFORMTHEBASISOFMOSTAUTOMATEDWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSTHEPURPOSEOFPROCESSMODELINGISTOPRODUCEANABSTRACTIONOFAPROCESSMODELTHATSERVESASABASISFORTHEWORKFLOWSPECIFICATIONCICHOCKIETAL98PROCESSMODELSCANBEUSEDFORIMPROVEDHUMANUNDERSTANDINGOFOPERATIONSWITHINADOMAIN,ORTOASSISTWITHANALYSISORREENGINEERINGADDITIONALLY,THEYCANSERVEASTHEBASISFORAUTOMATEDWORKFLOWCONTROLMODELINGASADISCIPLINEHADBEENAROUNDFORSOMETIMEANDTHEREARETHREEBASICAPPROACHESTOMODELINGAPROCESSCOMMUNICATIONBASEDMODELSARTIFACTBASEDMODELSACTIVITYBASEDMODELSCOMMUNICATIONBASEDMETHODOLOGIESAREBASEDON“THEWINOGRAD/FLORESCONVERSATIONFORACTIONMODEL“WINOGRADANDFLORES87ANACTIONINAWORKFLOWISREPRESENTEDBYTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENCUSTOMERANDPERFORMERINARTIFACTBASEDMETHODOLOGIESOBJECTS,ORARTIFACTS,ARECREATED,MODIFIEDANDUSEDDURINGTHEPROCESSANDTHUSTHEMODELISBASEDONWORKPRODUCTSANDTHEIRPATHSTHROUGHASERIESOFWORKFLOWACTIVITIESANINCREASINGLYCOMMONLYUSEDMETHODOLOGYINTHEWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTDOMAINISACTIVITYBASEDMODELINGHERETHEOVERALLPROCESSISDECOMPOSEDINTOTASKSTHATAREORDEREDBASEDONTHEDEPENDENCIESAMONGTHEMTHISMODELCANMOSTEASILYBETRANSFEREDINTOAWORKFLOWSPECIFICATIONHOWEVER,MANYTECHNICIANSUSEACOMBINATIONOFTHESEMETHODOLOGIESPRODUCINGASETOFMODELSFORANORGANIZATIONALPROCESSBASEDONANINFORMATIONFLOWMODELCOMMUNICATIONBASEDACAPABILITIESMODELARTIFACTBASEDANDAPROCESSMODELACTIVITYBASEDAPROCESSSPECIFICATIONBASICALLYANACTIVITYBASEDMODELOFAPROCESSTHEWFMCHASCONSTRUCTEDAGLOSSARYOFTERMS,WFMC96,FROMWHICHFIGURE2THEFOLLOWINGDIAGRAMINDICATESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTERMINOLOGYFIGURE2WFMCGLOSSARYOFWORKFLOWTERMSTHEREHAVEBEENSEVERALSPECIFICATIONLANGUAGESUSEDTOCONSTRUCTPROCESSMODELSHEREISALISTOFAFEWTHEPROCESSINTERCHANGEFORMATPIFPIFISBUILTONTOPOFTHEKNOWLEDGEINTERCHANGEFORMATKIF,APRODUCTOFTHEARPASPONSOREDKNOWLEDGESHARINGEFFORTPIFADDSCONSTRUCTSSPECIFICALLYTAILOREDFORCAPTURINGTYPICALPROCESSINFORMATIONFOREXAMPLE,ITALLOWSACOMPLEXPROCESSTOCOMPRISEANUMBEROFDISTINCTACTIVITIESLINKEDTOGETHERBYSUCCESSORRELATIONSPIFISDESIGNEDASA“LEASTCOMMONDENOMINATOR“AMONGPROCESSMODELINGLANGUAGESANDASSUCHHASMANYSHORTCOMINGSTHEENHANCEDPROCESSINTERCHANGEFORMATEPIFEPIFWASDEVELOPEDATKNOWLEDGEBASEDSYSTEMSINC,ASA“BEEFEDUP“VERSIONOFPIFTHUS,ITDISTINGUISHESBETWEENANACTIVITYANDTHEROLESITCANPLAYINDISTINCTPROCESSESANDITALSOPROVIDESEXPLICITREPRESENTATIONOFACTIVITYANDPROCESSINSTANCESTHEPROCESSSPECIFICATIONLANGUAGEPSLPSLISUNDERDEVELOPMENTBYANATIONALINSTITUTEOFSTANDARDSANDTECHNOLOGYNISTPROJECTIDEF3PROCESSMODELINGANDSIMULATIONTHENAMEIDEFORIGINATESFROMTHEAIRFORCEPROGRAMFORINTEGRATEDCOMPUTERAIDEDMANUFACTURINGICAMWHICHDEVELOPEDTHEFIRSTICAMDEFINITION,ORIDEF,METHODSTHEIDEF3PROCESSDESCRIPTIONCAPTUREMETHODWASCREATEDSPECIFICALLYTOCAPTUREDESCRIPTIONSOFSEQUENCESOFACTIVITIESTHEPRIMARYGOALOFIDEF3ISTOPROVIDEASTRUCTUREDMETHODBYWHICHADOMAINEXPERTCANEXPRESSKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHEOPERATIONOFAPARTICULARSYSTEMORORGANIZATIONITISPROBABLYTHEMOSTCOMMONALYUSEDFORMALISMFORTHEMODELINGOFMILITARYPROCESSESVERB/NOUNPHRASE/QUALIFIERPHRASEVNQMETHODOLOGYDRABBLE98DEVELOPEDTOCAPTURETHECAPAB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