外文翻译--数控切削技术综述.doc

CNCCuttingTechnologyReviewNumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology(HighSpeedMachining,HSM,orHighSpeedCutting,HSC),isoneoftheadvancedmanufacturingtechnologytoimprovethemachiningefficiencyandquality,thestudyofrelatedtechnologyhasbecomeanimportantresearchdirectionofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyathomeandabroad.Chinaisabigmanufacturingcountry,intheworldofindustrytransfertoacceptthefrontinsteadofback-endofthetransfer,tomasterthecoretechnologyofadvancedmanufacturing,orinanewroundofinternationalindustrialstructureadjustment,ourcountrymanufacturingindustrywillfurtherbehind.Imminentresearchonthetheoryandapplicationofadvancedtechnology.1,high-speedCNCmachiningmeaningHighspeedcuttingtheoryputforwardbytheGermanphysicistCarl.J.Salomoninthelastcenturyandearlythirtys.Heconcludedbyalotofexperiments:inthenormalrangeofcuttingspeed,cuttingspeediftheincrease,willcausethecuttingtemperaturerise,exacerbatingthewearofcuttingtool；however,whenthecuttingspeedisincreasedtoacertainvalue,aslongasmorethantheinflectionpoint,withtheincreaseofthecuttingspeed,cuttingtemperaturecannotrise,butwilldecline,soaslongasthecuttingspeedishighenough,itcanbesolvedverywellinhighcuttingtemperaturecausedbytoolwearisnotconducivetothecuttingproblem,obtainedgoodprocessingefficiency.Withthedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustry,thistheoryisgraduallypaidmoreattentionto,andattractedalotofattention,onthebasisofthistheoryhasgraduallyformedthefieldofhigh-speedcuttingtechnologyofNC,relativelyearlyresearchonNCHigh-speedMachiningTechnologyindevelopedcountries,throughthetheoreticalbasisoftheresearch,basicresearchandappliedresearchanddevelopmentapplication,atpresentapplicationshaveenteredthesubstantivestageinsomeareas.Thehigh-speedcuttingprocessingcategory,generallyhavethefollowingseveralkindsofclassificationmethods,oneistoseethatcuttingspeed,cuttingspeedoverconventionalcuttingspeedis5-10timesofhighspeedcutting.Alsohasthescholartospindlespeedasthedefinitionofhigh-speedprocessingstandards,thatthespindlespeedishigherthanthatof8000r/minforhighspeedmachining.Andfromthemachinetoolspindledesignpointofview,withtheproductofDNdiameterofspindleandspindlespeed,ifthevalueofDNto(52000)*105mm.r/min,isconsideredtobeofhighspeedmachining.Inpractice,differentprocessingmethods,differentmaterials,highspeedcuttingspeedcorrespondingtodifferent.Isgenerallybelievedthattheturningspeedof(7007000)m/min,millingspeedreachesm/min(3006000),thatisinthehigh-speedcutting.Inaddition,fromthepracticalconsiderations,high-speedmachiningconceptnotonlycontainsthehighspeedcuttingprocess,integrationandoptimizationalsocontainstheprocessofcutting,isacanobtaingoodeconomicbenefitsandhighspeed,istheunityoftechnologyandbenefit.High-speedcuttingtechnologyisinthemachinetoolstructureandmaterials,machinetooldesign,manufacturingtechnology,high-speedspindlesystem,highperformanceandfastfeedingsystem,ahighperformanceCNCsystem,toolholdersystem,highperformancetoolmaterialandtooldesignandmanufacturingtechnology,highefficiencyandhighprecisionmeasurementandtestingtechnology,themechanismofhighspeedcutting,highspeedcuttingprocessandotherrelatedhardwareandsoftwaretechnologyarefullyintegratedintothedevelopmentfoundation.Therefore,highspeedcuttingtechnologyisacomplexsystemengineering,isawiththerelatedtechnologydevelopmentandthedevelopmentoftheconceptof.2,thesuperiorityofhigh-speedCNCmachiningDuetothelargeamplitudeoftheincreaseofthecuttingspeed,highspeedmachiningtechnologynotonlyimprovesthecuttingproductivity,andcomparedwiththeconventionalcuttingalsohassomeobviousadvantages:first,smallcuttingforce:inhighspeedmilling,cuttingadoptstheformofsmallquantities,highcuttingspeed,thecuttingforceisreducedby30%comparedtotheconventionalcutting,especiallytheradialcuttingforcegreatlyspindlebearing,tool,workpieceisreduced.Bothtoreducetoolwear,andeffectivecontrolofthevibrationmachiningsystem,improvethemachiningaccuracy.Second,thematerialremovalrateishigh:theuseofhighspeedcutting,cuttingspeedandfeedrateareimprovedgreatly,thesametimethematerialremovalrateisimprovedgreatly.Thusgreatlyimprovetheprocessingefficiency.Third,thermaldeformationsmall:inthehigh-speedcutting,cuttingheat,mostofthetimetotheworkpiecebytheoutflowofhigh-speedchipaway,sotheheatingtimeofthemachinedsurfaceisshort,notbecauseofthetemperatureriseleadstothermaldeformation,ishelpfultoimprovethesurfaceaccuracy,physicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthemachinedsurfaceprocessingmethodisbetterthanthecommon.Fourth,highprecisionmachining:highspeedcuttingusuallyfeedisrelativelysmall,sothatthemachinedsurfaceroughnessisgreatlyreduced,atthesametimeasthecuttingforceissmallerthantheconventionalvibrationcutting,machiningsystemisreduced,themachiningprocessmoresmoothly,sothatgoodquality,canrealizehighaccuracy,lowdegreeofroughmachining.Fifth,thegreenenvironmentalprotection:whenhighspeedcutting,workpiecemachiningtimeisshortened,theuseofenergyandequipmentrate,highprocessingefficiency,lowprocessingenergyconsumption,atthesametime,duetothehighspeedcuttingcanbeachievedevenwithoutdrycutting,reducethecuttingfluid,reducepollutionandconsumption.Researchandapplicationofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,3Inviewoftheabovecharacteristicsofhighspeedmachining,thetechnologyhasgreatapplicationpotentialinthefieldoftraditionalprocessingweak.Firstofall,theworkpieceforthin-wallpartsandslender,usesthehigh-speedcutting,thecuttingforceissignificantlyreduced,theheatischippingaway,canbeverygoodforusingthetraditionalmethodofthedeformationproblemcausedduetotheinfluenceofcuttingforceandcuttingheat,greatlyimprovingtheprocessingquality.Secondly,becauseofthecuttingresistanceissmall,toreducetoolwear,materialsofhighmanganesesteel,hardenedsteel,austeniticstainlesssteel,compositematerials,wear-resistantcastironisdifficulttobeprocessedbytraditionalmethods,canbestudiedusingnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnologytoprocess.Inaddition,intheautomotive,aerospace,mold,manufacturingfield,someintegralcomponentsrequirerelativelylargematerialremovalrate,thefeedspeedCNChighspeedcuttingwiththecuttingspeedincreaseandthecorrespondingincreaseinunittime,sothatthematerialremovalrateisgreatlyimproved,thusinthemoldmanufacturing,automobilemanufacturing,aerospacemanufacturingapplicationofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,willproducetheenormouseconomicbenefits.Fourth,becauseofthehigh-speedcutting,machiningprocessisstable,thevibrationissmall,comparedwiththeconventionalcutting,highspeedcuttingcansignificantlyimprovetheprecisionof12,canbecancelledcompletelyfinishing,andsubsequent,adoptnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,canachieveandrough,finishingontheoverallstructureofcomplexpartsinamachine,reducesthelikelihoodoflocatingerrortransferprocess,whichisalsoconducivetoimprovethemachiningaccuracy.Therefore,highspeedcuttingtechnologyhasawideapplicationprospectinprecisionmanufacturing.Aluminiummouldsuchasabusinessprocess,themoldcavitylengthis1500mm,therequiredsizeerrorof0.05mm,surfaceroughnessRa0.8m,manufacturingprocesstheoriginal:roughplaning-semifinishplaning-finishing-Manualscraping-manualpolishing,manufacturingcycleis60hours.Usinghighspeedmilling,aftersemi-finishmachiningandfinishmachining,theprocessingcycleisonly6hours,notonlyimproveefficiency,butalsogreatlyimprovethequalityofmold.4,researchonKeyTechnologiesofhigh-speedCNCmachiningNCHigh-speedmachiningisacomplexsystemsengineering,involvescuttingmechanism,cuttingmachine,cutter,cuttingprocessmonitoringandprocessingtechnologyandotherrelatedhardwareandsoftwaretechnology,implementationanddevelopmentofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,relyonthissystemofvariouselements,thekeytechnologytorealizehigh-speedCNCcuttingtechnologycannotdowithout,specificallyinthefollowingaspects:1)themechanismofhighspeedcutting:thevariousmaterialsinhighspeedmachiningconditions,thechipformationmechanism,variationofcuttingforce,cuttingheat,toolwearpatternsandeffectsonthesurfacequality,thebasictheoryaboveexperimentsandresearch,willbeconducivetopromotingthehigh-speedcuttingprocessfordeterminingandcuttingtheamountofchoice,andprovideatheoreticalbasisfortheprocessingofspecificpartsandmaterialformulation,whichbelongstothetechnicalprinciple.Atpresent,todeterminetheprocessspecificationofhighspeedcuttingandcuttingferrousmetalsanddifficulttomachinematerials,isoneofthedifficultiesintheproductionofhigh-speedcutting,andisalsothefocusofresearchinthefieldofhighspeedmachining.2)technologyofhighspeedcuttingmachinetoolmodule:high-speedcuttingmachineneedshigh-speedspindlesystem,feedingsystemandhigh-speedCNCcontrolsystem.Abletoworkinveryhighspeedunderthehigh-speedprocessingrequirementsofspindleunit,theabovegeneralspindlespeed10000r/min,someevenashighas60000-100000r/min,andtoensuregooddynamicandthermalproperties.Thekeypartisthemainshaftbearing,itdecidesthelifeofhigh-speedspindleandloadcapacity,oneofthecorecomponentsandhigh-speedcuttingmachinetoolspindlestructure,improvementandperformanceimprovementisoneofthemostimportanttechnologyofhigh-speedmachinetools.Anotherimportantelementofthetechnologyishighspeedfeedsystem.Withthedevelopmentofmachinetoolspindlespeedincreasing,inordertoensureeachcutterteethorfeedingamountperrotationinvariant,machinetoolfeedspeedandaccelerationisalsoacorrespondingincrease,thesametimetoimprovetravelspeed.Therefore,machinetoolfeedsystemmustmovequicklyandfastandaccuratepositioning,whichisobviouslyonthemachinetoolguide,servosystem,workingtable,putforwardnewandhigherrequirements,isthekeytechnologyofhigh-speedmachinetooltechnologycontrolunit.3)thehighspeedcuttingtooltechnologymodule:high-speedmachiningprocesssystemcomposedofmachinetools,toolandworkpiece,toolisthemostactivefactor.Thecuttingtoolisoneofthekeytechnologytoensurehighspeedcuttingsmoothly.Withthesubstantialincreaseofcuttingvelocity,haveputforwarddifferentfromtraditionalspeedcuttingrequirementsofcuttingtoolmaterials,geometricparametersofcuttingtool,cutterbodystructure,highspeedcuttingtoolmaterialandtoolmanufacturingtechnologyhasundergonetremendouschanges,high-speedmachining,toensureproductivityandhighmachiningprecision,butalsototoensuresafetyandreliability.Therefore,highspeedcuttingtoolsystemmustmeetwithaclamprepeatpositioningaccuracyofgeometricaccuracygoodandhighloading,clampingrigidity,goodhighspeedwhentheequilibriumstateandsafeandreliable.Asfaraspossibletoreducetheknif