2005学年高三理综竞赛辅导讲义(化学三)（the 2005 year high school chemistry contest guidance notes (chemistry three)）

2005学年高三理综竞赛辅导讲义化学三（THE2005YEARHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYCONTESTGUIDANCENOTESCHEMISTRYTHREE）OWNCOLLECTIONTHINKITSUSEFULSOUPLOADITTOBAIDUSHAREITWITHEVERYONETHE2005YEARHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYCONTESTGUIDANCENOTESCHEMISTRYTHREECHEMICALREACTIONRATEANDCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMC1ATACERTAINTEMPERATUREINAIRTIGHTCONTAINERSOFFIXEDVOLUMETHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONAG3BG2CGREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMTIMETHERATIOOFTHEAMOUNTOFMATERIALTOEACHSUBSTANCEISNANBNC221KEEPTHETEMPERATUREUNCHANGEDATARATIOOF2TO21,THECHARGEISTHENFILLEDWITHA,B,ANDCABALANCEDOESNOTMOVEBWHENITREACHESEQUILIBRIUMNANBNCISSTILL221WHENCREACHESEQUILIBRIUMAGAINTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCINCREASESWHENDREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONRATEINCREASESTHEREVERSEREACTIONRATEDECREASESC2UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSINAIRTIGHTCONTAINERSCANBESAIDTHATTHEREACTIONOFXGAS2YGAS2ZGASACERTAINEQUILIBRIUMISX,Y,ZMOLARRATIOOF122X,Y,THECONCENTRATIONOFZDIDNOTCHANGETHEPRESSUREINTHEVESSELNOLONGERCHANGESN,MOLANDZAREGENERATEDINUNITTIME2NMOLYISGENERATEDATTHESAMETIMEA,B,C,IIDD3THEFOLLOWINGANALYSISOFTHEMOVEMENTOFCHEMICALEQUILIBRIAWHATISNOTCORRECTISTHATTHEEQUILIBRIUMREACTIONHASREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMCS,H2OG,COG,H2GWHENINCREASINGTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTMATERIALTIMETHEEQUILIBRIUMMUSTMOVEINTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONTHEEQUILIBRIUMREACTIONN2G,3H2G,2NH3GHASBEENREACHEDWHENTHECONCENTRATIONOFN2ISINCREASEDBALANCEPOSITIVEMOVEMENTOFREACTIONDIRECTIONTHECONVERSIONRATEOFN2MUSTBEINCREASEDWHENTHEREACTIONOFGASPARTICIPATIONISBALANCEDWHENTHEREACTORVOLUMEISREDUCEDTHEEQUILIBRIUMMUSTMOVEINTHEDIRECTIONTHATTHEVOLUMEOFGASINCREASESWHENTHEREACTIONOFGASPARTICIPATIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMFILLINGOFRAREGASINACONSTANTPRESSUREREACTORTHEBALANCEMUSTNOTMOVEA,B,C,D,IID4WHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHEEFFECTOFTEMPERATURE,T,ANDPRESSUREPONTHEREACTIONISASSHOWNTHEORDINATEINDICATESTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGINEQUILIBRIUMACCORDINGLY,ITISCORRECTTOJUDGETHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTWRONGATHEREACTIONISENDOTHERMIC,BIFCIFD,INCREASETHEAMOUNTOFLINEQUILIBRIUM,THEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGDECREASESC5ATACERTAINTEMPERATURETHEREACTIONOFH2GI2G2HIGHA1197KC2A2A1197KJD2A2A1197KJA13,ASSHOWNINTHEFOLLOWINGFIGURETHETHREEFLASKSAREFILLEDWITHNO2GASANDRESPECTIVELYPLACEDINABEAKERABEAKERFILLEDWITHTHEFOLLOWINGSUBSTANCESINWATERADDINGANHYDROUSCACL2TO1ADDNH4CLCRYSTALSTO32WITHOUTANYOTHERMATERIALFOUND1DARKREDBROWN3THEMIDDLEREDDISHBROWNISSHALLOWERTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISTRUE1ADDINGANHYDROUSCACL2ROOMWARMWATER3TONH4CLCRYSTALWHENACACL2ISDISSOLVEDINWATER,THEHEATISRELEASEDTHEPRESSUREOFTHEGASINTHEFLASKBISUNCHANGED1WHENCNH4CLISDISSOLVEDINWATER,THEHEATISRELEASED,ANDTHEPRESSUREOFTHEGASINTHEDFLASK3ISINCREASEDC14INACONSTANTVESSELFILLEDWITH2MOLAAND1MOLBREACTS2AGBGXCGREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCISAIFTHEVOLUMEANDTEMPERATUREOFTHECONTAINERREMAINUNCHANGEDACCORDINGTOTHEAMOUNTOFSTARTINGMATERIAL,AIS06MOL,BIS03MOLCIS14MOLINTOTHECONTAINERREACHEQUILIBRIUMTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCISSTILLATHENTHEVALUEOFXISACANONLYBE2B,ONLY3C,POSSIBLY2ITCOULDALSOBE3D,NOTSUREA2SO2REACTION298KG15KNOWNO2G2SO3GH197KJMOL1ADD2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2TOACLOSEDVESSELATTHESAMETEMPERATUREWHENTHECHEMICALBALANCEISRELEASED,THEHEATISA1KJ,AND1MOLSO2AND05MOLO2AREADDEDTOTHECLOSEDCONTAINERWITHTHESAMEVOLUMEWHENTHECHEMICALBALANCEISRELEASED,THEHEATISA2KJWHATFOLLOWSISTRUEINTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATIONA2A2A1197KC2A2A1197KJD2A2A1197KJB16INACLOSEDVESSELTHEREACTIONAAGBBGREACHESEQUILIBRIUMANDREMAINSCONSTANTDOUBLETHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERWHENTHENEWBALANCEISREACHEDTHECONCENTRATIONOFBIS60OFTHEORIGINALTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISWRONGTHEAEQUILIBRIUMSHIFTSTHEBMATERIALTOTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONDIRECTION,ANDTHECONVERSIONRATEOFADECREASESTHEMASSFRACTIONOFCINSUBSTANCEBINCREASEDBYDAP2JUDGETHEPOSITIVEREACTIONISEXOTHERMICREACTION,ANDTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONISENDOTHERMICREACTIONBA0ATEAMOFRESEARCHERSSTUDIEDOTHERCONDITIONSWHENTHEYWEREUNCHANGEDTHEEFFECTOFCHANGINGACONDITIONONTHEABOVEREACTIONACCORDINGTOTHEEXPERIMENTALDATA,THEFOLLOWINGDIAGRAMSAREMADETHEFOLLOWINGISTRUETHEADIAGRAMISTUDIESTHEEFFECTSOFTEMPERATUREONTHEREACTIONANDTHETEMPERATUREOFBISHIGHERBDIAGRAMISTUDIESTHEEFFECTSOFDIFFERENTCATALYSTSONTHEREACTIONANDTHECATALYSTEFFICIENCYISHIGHERTHECDIAGRAMIISTUDIESTHEEFFECTOFTHECATALYSTONTHEREACTIONAMONGOTHERS,THECATALYSTWASUSEDTHEDDIAGRAMIISTUDIESTHEEFFECTOFPRESSUREONTHEREACTIONANDTHEPRESSUREISHIGHERA22INACLOSEDCONTAINEROFACERTAINVOLUMEJOIN2LXGAND3LYGTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCURREDNXG3YG2RGDELTAHQKJ/MOLAFTERBALANCETHECONVERSIONRATESOFXANDYWEREAANDB,RESPECTIVELYKNOWNABD2SO2G24REVERSIBLEREACTIONGO22SO3GFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONANDREACHEDABALANCEATTHISPOINT,THERATIOOFTHEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCESO2ANDO2IS2TO1IFSOMETHINGISDONECAUSESO2ANDO2TOCONSUMESOMEMOREANDONCEAGAINTOACHIEVEBALANCETHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISCORRECTINTHEANEWBALANCESYSTEMTHERATIOOFSO2TOO2SUBSTANCESISSTILL2TO1THEBEQUILIBRIUMSHIFTEDINTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONTHEREASONISTHATTHERATEOFPOSITIVEREACTIONHASINCREASEDTHEREVERSEREACTIONRATEDECREASESCCOMPARISONBETWEENNEWBALANCESYSTEMANDOLDBALANCESYSTEMTHECONCENTRATIONOFSO3MUSTHAVEINCREASEDDIFTHEMEASURETAKENISTOREDUCETHEVOLUMEOFTHEVESSELINTHENEWANDOLDEQUILIBRIUM,THERATIOOFSO2TOO2CONVERSIONIS1TO1B25UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONS2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2AREFILLEDINTOTHEAIRTIG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HEVOLUMEOFTHEMIXTUREGASIS7168LSTANDARDCASEAMONGTHEM,THECONTENTOFNH3VOLUMEFRACTIONWAS25CALCULATETHEAMOUNTOFSUBSTANCENH3INEQUILIBRIUM3THERATIOOFTHETOTALMASSOFTHEORIGINALMIXTURETOTHEEQUILIBRIUMMIXTURETOWRITETHESIMPLESTINTEGERRATIOTHESAMEBELOWNSTARTNPING4INTHEORIGINALMIXTUREGASAB5BALANCETIMETHEEQUILIBRIUMMOLARMASSOFTHEMIXEDGASISM6INEQUILIBRIUMGASMIXTURENN2NH2NNH3ANSWER1A162,NFLATNH3,8MOL3,544,235,155G/MOL63,323912POINTSAT2DEGREESPERHOURATACERTAINTEMPERATUREANDPRESSURETHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONS2SO2G,O2G,2SO3GPUTTHEO2OF16MOLSO2AND08MOLINAVARIABLEVOLUMEAIRTIGHTCONTAINERTHEINITIALVOLUMEOFTHEVESSELWASMEASUREDTOBE100LAFTERAPERIODOFTIMETHEREACTIONREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMTHEDENSITYOFTHEMIXEDGASWAS16GL1PLEASEANSWERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1WHENTHEEQUILIBRIUMISREACHED,THEVOLUMEOFTHEMIXEDGASISTHECONVERSIONRATEOFSO2WAS2JOINAMOLSO2ANDBMOLO2ATTHEBEGINNINGANDAB21ATTHESAMETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREWHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHEVOLUMEOFTHEMIXEDGASWASMEASUREDTOBE120LTHEVALUESOFAANDBAREA,B3IFTHECONTAINERISANAIRTIGHTCONTAINEROFCONSTANTVOLUMEITSVOLUMEIS100LSTARTBYADDINGXMOLSO2,YMOLO2,ANDZMOLSO3WHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREAREEXACTLYTHESAMEAS2THEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGASINTHEVESSELISEXACTLYTHESAMEASTHATOF2WHENITREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHERELATIONTHATXANDYSHOULDSATISFYISTHERELATIONTHATXANDZSHOULDSATISFYISANSWER180L60224123XY21XZ2AT40TCENTIGRADETHEREARETWOAIRTIGHTCONTAINERSOFARMOURANDBTHEVOLUMEOFACONTAINERIS1LTHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERIS2L6MOL,AAND3MOLBAREADDEDTOAANDBTWOCONTAINERS