毕业论文外文翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统（适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照）

外文文献原稿和译文原稿MULTIPLESINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERAPPROACHTOFIREDETECTIONANDMONITORINGSYSTEMAJAIKHALILI,MSC,PHDDAIKHALILI,MSC,PHDMSKHASSEM,MSCINDEXINGTERMHAZARDS,DESIGN,PLANTCONDITIONMONITORINGABSTRACTACOMPLETESYSTEMFORFIREDETECTIONANDALARMMONITORINGHASBEENPROPOSEDFORCOMPLEXPLANTSTHESYSTEMUSESMULTIPLESINGLECHIPARCHITECTUREATTACHEDTOAPARTYLINETHECONTROLALGORITHMISBASEDONATWOLEVELHIERARCHYOFDECISIONMAKING,THUSTHECOMPLEXITYISDISTRIBUTEDACOMPLETECIRCUITDIAGRAMISGIVENFORTHELOCALANDTHECENTRALSTATIONWITHREQUIREMENTSFORTHESOFTWARESTRUCTURETHEDESIGNISKEPTINGENERALFORMSUCHTHATITCANBEADAPTEDTOAMULTITUDEOFPLANTCONFIGURATIONSITISPARTICULARLYSHOWNHOWNEWDEVELOPMENTSINTECHNOLOGY,ESPECIALLYCMOSSINGLECHIPDEVICES,AREINCORPORATEDINTHESYSTEMDESIGNTOREDUCETHECOMPLEXITYOFTHEOVERALLHARDWARE,EGBYDECOMPOSINGTHESYSTEMSUCHTHATLOWERLEVELSOFHIERARCHYAREABLETOHAVESOMEAUTONOMYINDECISIONMAKING,ANDTHUSAMORECOMPLEXDECISIONISSOLVEDINASIMPLEDISTRIBUTEDMETHOD1INTRODUCTIONREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSFORMOSTHIGHRISKPLANTSANDBUILDINGSMANDATETHEINSTALLATIONOFFIREDETECTIONANDWARNINGSYSTEMSFORALLSENSITIVEAREASOFTHEPLANTORTHEBUILDINGMOSTFIRECODESSTATETHEREQUIREMENTFORMONITORINGANDCONTROLSPECIFICALLYRELATEDTOATYPEOFAPLANTORBUILDINGSUCHASCHEMICALPLANTS,PETROLEUM,NUCLEARPLANTS,RESIDENTIALHIGHRISESETCAGENERALCONCLUSIONOFTHESECODESCANBESPECIFIEDASTHEFOLLOWINGREQUIREMENTSATHESOURCEOFALLDETECTORSIGNALSSHOULDBEEXACTLYIDENTIFIABLEBYTHECENTRALSTATIONBANEXTRAPATHOFCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHECENTRALSTATIONANDALLLOCALCONTROLLERSCDIRECTMEANSOFCONTROLOFALARMANDCENTRALEQUIPMENTBYTHECENTRALSTATIONDMEANSOFCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHECENTRALSTATIONANDTHEFIREDEPARTMENTEAVAILABILITYOFEMERGENCYPOWERSUPPLYTHECODESUSUALLYALSOSPECIFYTHETYPESANDFREQUENCYOFTESTSFORALLEQUIPMENTAFIREDETECTIONANDALARMSYSTEMISACOMBINATIONOFDEVICESDESIGNEDTOSIGNALANALARMINCASEOFAFIRETHESYSTEMMAYALSOACCOMPLISHFANCONTROL,FIREDOORHOLDORRELEASE,ELEVATORRECALL,EMERGENCYLIGHTINGCONTROLANDOTHEREMERGENCYFUNCTIONSTHESEADDITIONALFUNCTIONSSUPPLEMENTTHEBASICSYSTEMWHICHCONSISTSOFDETECTIONANDALARMDEVICESANDCENTRALCONTROLUNITTECHNOLOGYHASANINFLUENCEONSYSTEMARCHITECTUREWHENTECHNOLOGYCHANGES,THEARCHITECTUREHASTOBEREVISEDTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHESECHANGESINRECENTYEARS,VLSITECHNOLOGYHASBEENADVANCINGATANEXPONENTIALRATEFIRSTNMOSAND,INTHELASTYEARORTWO,CMOSCHIPSHAVEBEENPRODUCEDWITHTHESAMEPACKINGDENSITYWITHMOREGATESPERCHIPYETATALOWERPOWERCONSUMPTIONTHANNMOSSURELYTHISCHANGEINTECHNOLOGYMUSTAFFECTOURDESIGNOFHARDWAREATBOTHTHECHIPANDTHESYSTEMLEVELATTHECHIPLEVEL,SINGLECHIPSARENOWBEINGPRODUCEDWHICHAREEQUIVALENTTOBOARDLEVELSOFONLYTHEPREVIOUSYEARORTWOTHESECHIPSHAVEMICROPROCESSOR,MEMORYINRAMANDROM,IOPORTSBOTHSERIALANDPARALLEL,A/DTIMER,FLAGSANDOTHERFUNCTIONSONCHIPATTHESYSTEMLEVEL,THENEWCHIPSMAKENEWARCHITECTURESPOSSIBLETHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISPAPERISTOSHOWHOWTECHNOLOGYCANINFLUENCESYSTEMARCHITECTUREINTHEFIELDOFFIRECONTROLTHENEWHIGHDENSITYSINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLERSAREINCORPORATEDINTHEDESIGNOFALARGESCALESYSTEMANDYETWEOBTAINASMALLERSYSTEMWITHABETTERPERFORMANCEINTERMSOFFIREDETECTIONANDALARMMONITORING,THISISREFLECTEDDIRECTLYINTHELOCALSTATIONHARDWARE,BECAUSEOFTHEIRREMOTENESSANDPOWERSUPPLYREQUIREMENTSACOMPLETELOCALSTATIONCANBEDESIGNEDAROUNDASINGLECMOSCHIPWITHPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFAFEWMWDEPENDINGONSYSTEMOPERATIONTHISAPPROACHREDUCESTHECOSTANDCOMPLEXITYOFDESIGN,IMPLEMENTATIONANDMAINTENANCEANDPROVIDESEASILYEXPANDABLEANDPORTABLEDESIGNTHISIMPLEMENTATIONWASNOTPOSSIBLEWITHOLDTECHNOLOGYMOSTOFFIREDETECTION/MONITORINGSYSTEMSAVAILABLEARETAILOREDTOWARDSASPECIFICAPPLICATIONANDLACKTHEUSEOFRECENTADVANCESINCMOSVLSITECHNOLOGYINTHISSTUDY,WEDEVELOPAFIREDETECTION/MONITORINGSYSTEMWHICHISGENERALINCONCEPT,READILYIMPLEMENTABLEINAMULTITUDEOFAPPLICATIONSFOREARLYDETECTIONOFAFIREBEFOREITBECOMESCRITICAL,FOREQUIPMENTANDEVACUATIONOFPERSONNELHERE,WEPROPOSEACENTRALCONTROLANDDISTRIBUTEDCONTROL/DETECTION/MONITORINGWITHADEQUATECOMMUNICATION,WHEREUSEISMADEOFSINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLERSINTHELOCALSTATIONS,THUSIMPROVINGCONTROLLABILITYANDOBSERVABILITYOFTHEMONITORINGPROCESS2DETECTIONANDALARMDEVICESABASICFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMCONSISTSOFTWOPARTS,DETECTIONANDANNUNCIATIONANAUTOMATICDETECTIONDEVICE,SUCHASAHEAT,SMOKEORFLAMEDETECTOR,ULTRAVIOLETORINFRAREDDETECTORSORFLAMEFLICKER,ISBASEDONDETECTINGTHEBYPRODUCTOFACOMBUSTIONSMOKEDETECTORS,OFBOTHIONIZATIONANDOPTICALTYPES,ARETHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDDETECTORDEVICESWHENATYPICALDETECTOROFTHISTYPEENTERSTHEALARMSTATEITSCURRENTCONSUMPTIONINCREASESFROMTHEPATOTHEMARANGESAY,FROMAMERE15PAINTHEDORMANTMODETO60MAINTHEACTIVEMODEINMANYDETECTORSTHEDETECTOROUTPUTVOLTAGEISWELLDEFINEDUNDERVARIOUSOPERATINGCONDITIONS,SUCHASTHOSEGIVENINTABLE1THEMORESENSITIVETHEDETECTOR,THEMORESUSCEPTIBLEITISTOFALSEALARMSINORDERTOCONTROLTHEDETECTORPRECISELY,EITHEROFTHEFOLLOWINGMETHODSISUSEDACOINCIDENCETECHNIQUECANBEBUILTINTOTHEDETECTOR,ORAFILTERINGTECHNIQUESUCHTHATALOGICCIRCUITBECOMESACTIVEONLYIFXALARMSAREDETECTEDWITHINATIMEPERIODTTHEDETECTIONTECHNIQUEDEPENDSGREATLYONTHELOCATIONANDPLANTBEINGPROTECTEDSMOKEDETECTORSAREUSEDFORSLEEPINGAREAS,INFRAREDORULTRAVIOLETRADIATIONAREUSEDWHENFLAMMABLELIQUIDSAREBEINGHANDLED,HEATDETECTORSAREUSEDFORFIRESUPPRESSIONOREXTINGUISHINGSYSTEMSINGENERAL,LIFEANDPROPERTYPROTECTIONHAVEDIFFERENTAPPROACHESALARMDEVICES,APARTFROMTHEUSUALAUDIBLEORVISIBLEALARMS,MAYINCORPORATESOLIDSTATESOUNDREPRODUCTIONANDEMERGENCYVOICECOMMUNICATIONORPRINTERSTHATRECORDTIME,DATE,LOCATIONANDOTHERINFORMATIONREQUIREDBYTHESTANDARDCODEOFPRACTICEFORFIREPROTECTIONFORCOMPLEXPLANTSHEAVISIDE4HASANEXCELLENTREVIEWOFALLTYPESOFDETECTORSANDEXTINGUISHERSYSTEMS21CONTROLPHILOSOPHYANDDIVISIONOFLABOUROURCONTROLPHILOSOPHYISIMPLEMENTEDHIERARCHICALLYTHREELEVELSOFSYSTEMHIERARCHYAREIMPLEMENTED,WITHTWOLEVELSOFDECISIONMAKINGTHEREISNOCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENEQUIPMENTONTHESAMELEVELINTERACTIONBETWEENLEVELSOCCURSBYUPWARDSTRANSFEROFINFORMATIONREGARDINGTHESTATUSOFTHESUBSYSTEMSANDDOWNWARDSTRANSFEROFCOMMANDSTHISISSHOWNINFIG1WHEREATLEVEL1ISTHECENTRALSTATIONMICROCOMPUTERANDISTHEULTIMATEDECISIONMAKERWHENNOTINMANUALMODEATLEVEL2ARETHELOCALCONTROLLERS,WHICHRESIDEINTHELOCALSTATIONSATLEVEL3ARETHEACTUALDETECTORSANDACTUATORSAMANUALMODEOFOPERATIONISPROVIDEDATALLLEVELSINFORMATIONREGARDINGTHESTATUSOFALLDETECTORSISTRANSMITTEDONAPERAREABASISTOTHELOCALCONTROLLERSTHEIRINFORMATIONISCONDENSEDANDTRANSMITTEDUPWARDTOTHECENTRALMICROCOMPUTERTRANSFEROFSTATUSISALWAYSUNIDIRECTIONALANDUPWARDSTRANSFEROFCOMMANDSISALWAYSUNIDIRECTIONALANDDOWNWARDS,WITHEXPANSIONATTHELOCALCONTROLLEVELTHISAPPROACHPRESERVESTHESTRICTRULESOFTHEHIERARCHYFOREXACTMONITORINGDETECTIONANDALARMSYSTEMSASSOCIATEDWITHHIGHRISKPLANTSTHECLASSIFICATIONOFTHETWOLAYERSOFCONTROLSISBASEDUPONLAYERSOFDECISIONMAKING,WITHRESPECTTOTHEFACTSTHATAWHENTHEDECISIONTIMECOMES,THEMAKINGANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFADECISIONCANNOTBEPOSTPONEDBTHEDECISIONSHAVEUNCERTAINTYCITWILLISOLATELOCALDECISIONSEGLOCALLYWEMIGHTHAVEANALARMALTHOUGHTHEREMAYBEAFAULTWITHTHESYSTEM3GENERALHARDWAREIFIG2DEPICTSOURDESIGNINTHESIMPLESTOFFORMSTHESYSTEMUSESANOPENPARTYLINEAPPROACHWITHFOURCONDUCTORCABLESGOINGINALOOPSHAREDBYALLTHEREMOTEDEVICESANDTHECONTROLPANELTHISAPPROACHISSIMPLEINCONCEPTANDISECONOMICALLYFEASIBLEHOWEVER,ONEMAJORDISADVANTAGEISTHEDEPENDENCYONASINGLECABLEFORPOWERANDSIGNALINGINCASESWHERERELIABILITYISOFEXTREMEIMPORTANCE,TWOOREVENTHREECABLESTAKINGDIFFERENTROUTESTHROUGHOUTTHESYSTEMMAYBECONNECTEDINPARALLELFIG3GIVESTHEDRIVERCIRCUITRYREQUIREDTODERIVEANEXPANDABLEBUSTHISDESIGNTAKESADVANTAGEOFRECENTADVANCESINTHESINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYTOREDUCETHEINTERFACEBETWEENTHECENTRALSTATIONANDTHELOCALSTATIONS31CENTRALCONTROLTASKACENTRALUNITPROVIDESACENTRALIZEDPOINTTOMONITORANDCONTROLTHESYSTEMACTIVITIESINTHESYSTEMTOBEDESCRIBEDTHECENTRALCONTROLUNITSERVESAFIVEFOLDPURPOSEIITRECEIVESINFORMATIONFROMTHELOCALSTATIONSANDOPERATESTHEALARMSANDOTHEROUTPUTDEVICESIIITNOTIFIESTHEOPERATORINCASEOFSYSTEMMALFUNCTIONIIIITPROVIDESANOVERALLSYSTEMCONTROLMANUALANDAUTOMATICIUITPROVIDESASYSTEMTESTPOINTOFLOCALSTATIONSANDITSELFUITPROVIDESACENTRALPOINTFOROBSERVATION,LEARNINGANDADAPTATION32LOCALSTATIONSTHELOCALSTATIONSCANTAKELOCALDECISIONSREGARDINGRECOGNITIONOFARISKSITUATION,ANDACTINDEPENDENTLYONLOCALAFFAIRSINTHISTECHNIQUEWEDEPENDONLOADTYPECOORDINATION,EGTHELOWERLEVELUNITSRECOGNIZETHEEXISTENCEOFOTHERDECISIONUNITSONTHESAMELEVELTHECENTRALORTHETOPLEVELPROVIDESTHELOWERUNITSWITHAMODELOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENITSACTIONANDTHERESPONSEOFTHESYSTEMITISEVIDENTTHATAPOWERFULMACHINEISREQUIREDATTHISSTAGESOTHATALLTHEREQUIREDFUNCTIONSCANBEIMPLEMENTEDTHEAVAILABILITYOFTHENEWGENERATIONOFMICROCHIPSMAKESTHISARCHITECTUREAFEASIBLESOLUTIONASINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERWASCHOSENOVERDISCRETEDIGITALANDANALOGUEDEVICESTOINTERFACETOTHEFIELDDEVICESANDTOTHECENTRALMICROCOMPUTERTHISISTHEMAINREASONTHATPREVIOUSLYTHISAPPROACHWASNOTFEASIBLEINSELECTINGTHEMICROCOMPUTERFORTHELOCALSTATIONS,THECRITERIONWASTHEREQUIREMENTFORACHIPWHICHCONTAINSTHEMOSTINTEGRATIONOFTHEANALOGUEANDDIGITALPORTSREQUIREDFORTHEINTERFACEANDTHEUTILIZATIONOFCMOSTECHNOLOGYOWINGTOREMOTENESSOFTHELOCALSTATIONSTHECHOICEWASTHEMOTOROLA68HC11A4,FORTHEFOLLOWINGREASONSAITISCMOSTECHNOLOGYTHISREDUCESPOWERCONSUMPTIONBITHASAUARTONBOARDTHISFACILITATESSERIALCOMMUNICATIONEITHASANA/DCONVERTERONBOARDTHISELIMINATESANEXTERNALA/DDITHAS4KOFROM,256BYTESOFRAM,512BYTESOFEERROMWITH401/0LINESANDA16BITTIMERTHISSATISFIEDALLOURMEMORYAND1/0REQUIREMENTSATTHELOCALSTATIONSIDE4SYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONTHELOCALSTATIONFIG3ISTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHECIRCUITUSEDTOUTILIZETHEMC68HCLLA4ASAREMOTEFIREDETECTINGCIRCUITWHILEFIG4ILLUSTRATESTHESAMECIRCUITINANEXPANDEDFORMITCANBESEENTHATTHESINGLEMICROCONTROLLERCANBEUSEDTOMONITORMORETHANONEDETECTOR,THUSREDUCINGSYSTEMCOSTTHELOOPPOWERSUPPLY,WHICHISUSUALLYBETWEEN28AND26V,ISFURTHERREGULATEDBYA5V100MAMONOLITHICLOWPOWERVOLTAGEREGULATORTOSUPPLYPOWERTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERTHEONBOARDOSCILLATOR,COUPLEDWITHANEXTERNALCRYSTALOF24576MHZ,SUPPLIESTHEMICROCONTROLLERWITHITSTIMINGSIGNALWHICHISDIVIDEDINTERNALLYBYFOURTOYIELDAPROCESSORFREQUENCYOF6144KHZ,WHICHISANEVENMULTIPLEOFTHERS2327BAUDRATEGENERATORINTHISSECTIONTHETERMSUPERVISEDINPUTOROUTPUTWILLBEUSEDTOMEANTHATTHEFUNCTIONINQUESTIONISMONITOREDFOROPENANDSHORTCIRCUITCONDITIONSINADDITIONTOITSOTHERNORMALFUNCTIONSMOREINFORMATIONCANBEFOUNDINREFERENCE95MAINLOOP6CONCLUSIONTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFALARGESCALEFIREDETECTIONANDALARMSYSTEMUSINGMULTISINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSTHEARCHITECTUREUSEDISATWOLEVELHIERARCHYOFDECISIONMAKINGTHISARCHITECTUREISMADEPOSSIBLEBYTHENEWCMOSMICROCONTROLLERSWHICHREPRESENTAHIGHPACKINGDENSITYATALOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONYETAREPOWERFULINDATAPROCESSINGANDTHUSINDECISIONMAKINGEACHLOCALSTATIONCOULDMAKEANAUTONOMOUSDECISIONIFTHEHIGHERLEVELOFHIERARCHYALLOWSITTODOSOITHASBEENTRIEDTOKEEPTHESYSTEMDESIGNINGENERALFORMATSOITCANBEADAPTEDTOVARYINGSITUATIONSAPROTOTYPEOFTHEDESCRIBEDSYSTEMHASBEENBUILTANDTESTEDLOTHECONTROLPARTOFTHECENTRALSTATIONISIMPLEMENTEDWITHADEVELOPMENTCARDBASEDONMC68000MICROPROCESSORMEX68KECB,BYMOTOROLA,WHICHHASABUILTINMONITORCALLEDTUTORTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMSWEREDEVELOPEDUSINGTHEFEATURESPROVIDEDBYTHISMONITORTHELOCALSTATIONSCONTROLLERSWEREDESIGNEDUSINGTHEMC68705R3,SINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLER7REFERENCES1FIREPROTECTIONGUIDELINESFORNUCLEARPOWERPLANTS,USNRCREGULATORYGUIDE11202BAGCHI,CNAMULTILEVELDISTRIBUTEDMICROPROCESSORSYSTEMFORANUCLEARPOWERPLANTFIREPROTECTIONSYSTEMCONTROLS,MONITORING,ANDCOMMUNICATION,IEEETRANS,19823PUCILL,PMFIREHAZARDPROTECTION,DETECTIONANDMONITORINGSYSTEMS,SEACON,2,PROCEEDINGSOFSYMPOSIUMONADVINOFFSHOREANDTERMINALMEASUREMENTANDCONTROLSYSTEMS,BRIGHTON,ENGLAND,MARCH1979,PP3533634HEAVISID,LOFFSHOREFIREANDEXPLOSIONDETECTIONANDFIXEDFIREOFFSHORETECHNOLOGICALCONFERENCE,12THANNUALPROCEEDINGS,HOUSTON,TEXAS,MAY1980,PP5095225CELLENTANI,EN,ANDHUMPHREY,WYCOORDINATEDDETECTION/COMMUNICATIONAPPROACHTOFIREPROTECTION,SPECIFYENG,6MOTOROLAMICROPROCESSORSDATAMANUALMOTOROLASEMICONDUCTORPRODUCTS,AUSTIN,TEXAS,USA7ELECTRONICINDUSTRIESASSOCIATIONINTERFACEBETWEENDATATERMINALEQUIPMENTANDDATACOMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENTEMPLOYINGSERIALBINARYDATAINTERCHANGEEIASTANDARDRS232,WASHINGTON,DC,19698MESAROVIC,MD,MACKO,D,TAKAHARA,YTHEORYOFHIERARCHICALMULTILEVELSYSTEMSACADEMICPRESS,19709KASSEM,MFIREALARMSYSTEMS,MSCTHESIS,DEPTOFELEC中央或高层提供了一个较低的单位模型之间的行动和系统响应的关系。很明显，一个强大的机器，需要在这个阶段，使所有需要的功能得到有效执行。该芯片的新一代供应使得该体系结构的解决变得可行。单片机被选中了离散的数字和模拟设备接口，到外地设备和中央微机。这是最主要的原因，以前这种做法是不可行的。该芯片的选择的，包含要求的模拟和数字接口所需的端口和CMOS技术的运用，由于地处偏僻的分控制站最一体化。这个选择是摩托罗拉68HC11A4，理由如下（1）它是CMOS技术，这可减少电力消耗。（2）它有一个UART，这有利于串行通信。（3）它有一个A/D转换器上，这消除了外部A/D转换（4）它有一个4K的ROM，256K内存，512KEERROM字节40个I/O端口的线路和一个16位定时器符合分控制站所有的内存和1/0的要求。4、系统实施分控制站图3是用于一个远程火灾报警MC68HCLLA4电路框图检测电路图4这是前一个电路的扩展形式。可以看出单片机可用于监控多个探测器，从而降低了系统成本。回路电源，通常在26到28V之间，通常五伏一百毫安单片低功耗电压调节器供电的微控制器。板载振荡器，是一个24576MHZ的外部晶体结合，提供时间信号，它被分为4个内部收益率为6144千赫，这是一个更多的RS2327波特率发生器的处理器频率微控制器。5、主循环6、结论本文描述了一个大规模的火灾探测及报警系统，使用多的发展，单芯片微型计算机。该架构是采用两个层次的决策层次。这种架构是可以用到的新的CMOS微控制器，低功耗，并在数据处理功能强大的高堆积密度和决