外文翻译--模具在工业生产中的地位.doc

英文原文1DiepositioninindustrialproductionMoldisahigh-volumeproductswiththeshapetool,isthemainprocessofindustrialproductionequipment.Withmoldcomponents,withhighefficiency,goodquality,lowcost,savingenergyandrawmaterialsandaseriesofadvantages,withthemoldworkpiecespossesshighaccuracy,highcomplexity,highconsistency,highproductivityandlowconsumption,othermanufacturingmethodscannotmatch.Havealreadybecomeanimportantmeansofindustrialproductionandtechnologicaldevelopment.Thebasisofthemodernindustrialeconomy.Thedevelopmentofmodernindustrialandtechnologicalleveldependslargelyonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentdie,sodieindustrytonationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentwillplayanincreasingrole.March1989theStateCouncilpromulgatedonthecurrentindustrialpolicydecisionpointsinthemoldasthemachineryindustrytransformationsequenceofthefirst,productionandcapitalconstructionofthesecondsequence(afterthelarge-scalepowergenerationequipmentandthecorrespondingpowertransmissionequipment),establishtoolingindustryinanimportantpositioninthenationaleconomy.Since1997,theyhavetomoldanditsprocessingtechnologyandequipmentincludedinthecurrentnationalfocusonencouragingthedevelopmentofindustries,productsandtechnologiescatalogandtoencourageforeigninvestmentindustrydirectory.ApprovedbytheStateCouncil,from1997to2000,morethan80professionalmoldfactoryowned70%VATrefundofpreferentialpoliciestosupportmoldindustry.AllthesehavefullydemonstratedthedevelopmentoftheStateCouncilandstatedepartmentstoolingindustryattentionandsupport.Moldaroundtheworldaboutthecurrentannualoutputof60billionU.S.dollars,Japan,theUnitedStatesandotherindustrializedcountriesdieofindustrialoutputvalueofmorethanmachinetoolindustry,beginningin1997,Chinasindustrialoutputvaluehasexceededthemoldmachinetoolindustryoutput.Accordingtostatistics,homeappliances,toysandotherlightindustries,nearly90%ofthepartsareintegratedwithproductionofchopsticks；inaircraft,automobiles,agriculturalmachineryandradioindustries,theproportionexceeded60%.Suchasaircraftmanufacturing,theuseofacertaintypeoffighterdiesmorethan30,000units,ofwhichthehost8000sets,2000setsofengines,auxiliary20000sets.Fromtheoutputofview,sincethe80s,theUnitedStates,Japanandotherindustrializedcountriesdieindustryoutputvaluehasexceededthemachinetoolindustry,andtherearestillrising.Productiontechnology,accordingtotheInternationalAssociationpredictsthatin2000,theproductbestpiecesofrough75%,50%willbefinishedmoldcompleted；metals,plastics,ceramics,rubber,buildingmaterialsandotherindustrialproducts,mostofthemoldwillbecompletedinmorethan50%metalplates,morethan80%ofallplasticproducts,especiallythroughthemoldinto.2ThehistoricaldevelopmentofmoldTheemergenceofmoldcanbetracedbackthousandsofyearsago,potteryandbronzefoundry,butthelarge-scaleuseiswiththeriseofmodernindustryanddeveloped.The19thcentury,withthearmsindustry(gunsshell),watchindustry,radioindustry,diesarewidelyused.AfterWorldWarII,withtherapiddevelopmentofworldeconomy,itbecameamassproductionofhouseholdappliances,automobiles,electronicequipment,cameras,watchesandotherpartsthebestway.Fromaglobalperspective,whentheUnitedStatesintheforefrontofstampingtechnology-manydieofadvancedtechnologies,suchassimplemold,highefficiency,mold,dieandstampingthehighlifeautomation,mostlyoriginatedintheUnitedStates；andSwitzerland,fineblanking,coldinGermanyextrusiontechnology,plasticprocessingoftheSovietUnionareattheworldadvanced.50s,moldindustryfocusisbasedonsubscriberdemand,productioncanmeettheproductrequirementsofthemold.Multi-diedesignruleofthumb,referencehasbeendrawingandperceptualknowledge,onthedesignofmoldpartsofalackofrealunderstandingoffunction.From1955to1965,isthepressureprocessingofexplorationanddevelopmentofthetimes-themaincomponentsofthemoldandthestressstateofthefunctionofamathematicalsub-bridge,andtocontinuetoapplytoon-sitepracticalknowledgetomakestampingtechnologyinallaspectsofaleapindevelopment.Theresultissummarizedmolddesignprinciples,andmakesthepressuremachine,stampingmaterials,processingmethods,plumwithastructure,moldmaterials,moldmanufacturingmethod,thefieldofautomationdevices,anewlooktothepracticaldirectionofadvance,sothatpressingprocessingapparatuscapableofproducingqualityproductsfromthefirststage.Intothe70stohighspeed,launchtechnology,precision,security,developmentofthesecondstage.Continuetoemergeinthisprocessavarietyofhighefficiency,businesslife,high-precisionmulti-functionalautomaticschooltohelpwith.Representedbythenumberofworkingplacesasmuchasotherprogressivedieanddozensofmulti-stationtransferstationmodule.Onthisbasis,hasdevelopedbothacontinuouspressingstationtherearemoreslideformingstationofthepress-bendingmachine.Inthemeantime,theJapanesestandtotheworldslargest-themoldintothemicron-levelprecision,dielife,alloytoolsteelmoldhasreachedtensofmillionsoftimes,carbidesteelmoldtoeachofhundredsofmillionsoftimespminutesforstampingthenumberofsmallpressesusually200to300,upto1200timesto1500times.Inthemeantime,inordertomeetproductupdatesquickly,withtheshortduration(suchascarsmodified,refurbishedtoys,etc.)needavarietyofeconomic-typemold,suchaszincalloydiedown,polyurethanerubbermold,diesteelskin,alsohasbeenverygreatdevelopment.Fromthemid-70ssofarcanbesaidthatcomputer-aideddesign,supportingthecontinuousdevelopmentofmanufacturingtechnologyofthetimes.Withtheprecisionandcomplexityofmoldrising,acceleratingtheproductioncycle,themoldindustry,thequalityofequipmentandpersonnelarerequiredtoimprove.Relyoncommonprocessingequipment,theirexperienceandskillscannotmeettheneedsofmold.Sincethe90s,mechanicalandelectronictechnologiesincloseconnectionwiththedevelopmentofNCmachinetools,suchasCNCwirecuttingmachine,CNCEDM,CNCmilling,CNCcoordinategrindingmachineandsoon.Theuseofcomputerautomaticprogramming,controlCNCmachinetoolstoimprovetheefficiencyintheuseandscope.Inrecentyears,hasdevelopedacomputertotime-sharingbythewayagroupofdirectmanagementandcontrolofCNCmachinetoolsNNCsystem.Withthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,computershavegraduallyintothemoldinallareas,includingdesign,manufacturingandmanagement.InternationalAssociationfortheStudyofproductionforecaststo2000,asameansoflinksbetweendesignandmanufacturingdrawingswillloseitsprimaryrole.AutomaticDesignofdiemostfundamentalpointistoestablishthemoldstandardanddesignstandards.Togetridofthepeopleofthepast,andpracticalexperiencetojudgethecompositionofthedesigncenter,wemusttakepastexperiencesandwaysofthinking,forseries,numericalvalue,thenumberoftype-based,asthedesigncriteriatothecomputerstore.Componentsaredrybecauseofmoldconstitutesamillionotherdifferences,tocomeupwithacanadapttovariouspartsofthedesignsoftwarealmostimpossible.Butsomeproductsdonotchangetheshapeofparts,moldstructurehascertainrules,canbesummedupfortheautomaticdesignofsoftware.IfaJapanesecompanysCDMsystemforprogressivediedesignandmanufacturing,includingtheimportationofpartsofthefigure,roughstart,striplayout,determinethesizeandstandardtemplates,assemblydrawingandparts,theoutputNCprogram(forCNCmachiningCenterandlinecuttingprogram),etc.,usedin20%ofthetimebyhand,reducetheirworkinghoursto35hours；fromJapanintheearly80swillbethree-dimensionalcad/camsystemforautomotivepaneldie.Currently,thephysicalpartsscanninginput,maplinesanddatainput,geometricform,display,graphics,annotationsandthedataisautomaticallyprogrammed,resultingineffectivecontrolmachinetoolcontrolsystemofpost-processingdocumentshavereachedahighlevel；computerSimulation(CAE)technologyhasmadesomeachievements.Athighlevels,CAD/CAM/CAEintegration,thatdataisintegrated,cantransmitinformationdirectlywitheachother.Achievenetwork.Present.Onlyafewforeignmanufacturerscandoit.3ChinasmoldindustryanditsdevelopmenttrendDie&MouldIndustryStatusDuetohistoricalreasonsfortheformationofclosed,bigandcompleteenterprisefeatures,mostenterprisesinChinaareequippedwithmoldworkshop,infactorymatchingstatussincethelate70shaveamoldtheconceptofindustrializationandspecializationofproduction.Productionefficiencyisnothigh,pooreconomicreturns.Moldproductionindustryissmallandscattered,cross-industry,capital-intensive,professional,commercialandtechnicalmanagementlevelarerelativelylow.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,therearenowspecializedinmanufacturingmold,theproductsupportingmoldfactoryworkshop(factory)near17000,about600000employees,annualoutputvaluereached20billionyuanmold.However,theexistingcapacityofthemoldanddieindustrycanonlymeetthedemandof60%,stillcannotmeettheneedsofnationaleconomicdevelopment.Atpresent,thedomesticneedsoflarge,sophisticated,complexandlonglifeofthemoldalsorelymainlyonimports.Accordingtocustomsstatistics,in1997630millionU.S.dollarsworthofimportsmold,notincludingtheimportofmoldtogetherwiththeequipment；in1997only78millionU.S.dollarsexportmold.AtpresentthetechnologicallevelofChinaDie&MouldIndustryandmanufacturingcapacity,Chinasnationaleconomyintheweaklinksandbottlenecksconstrainingsustainableeconomicdevelopment.3.1ResearchontheStructureofindustrialproductsmoldInaccordancewiththedivisionofChinaMouldIndustryAssociation,Chinamoldisdividedinto10basiccategories,which,stampingdieandplasticmoldingtwocategoriesaccountedforthemainpart.Calculatedbyoutput,present,Chinaaccountsforabout50%diestamping,plasticmoldingdieabout20%,WireDrawingDie(Tool)about10%oftheworldsadvancedindustrialcountriesandregions,theproportionofplasticformingdiediegeneralofthetotaloutputvalue40%.Mostofourstampingdiemoldforthesimple,single-processmodeandmeetthemolds,precisiondie,precisionmulti-positionprogressivedieisalsooneofthefew,dielessthan100milliontimestheaveragelifeofthemoldreached100milliontimesthemaximumlifeofmorethanaccuracy35um,morethan50progressivestation,andtheinternationallifeofthedie600milliontimesthehighestaveragelifeofthedie50milliontimescomparedtothemid80sattheinternationaladvancedlevel.Chinasplasticmoldingmolddesign,productiontechnologystartedrelativelylate,theoverallleveloflow.Currentlyasinglecavity,asimplemoldcavity70%,andstilldominant.Asophisticatedmulti-cavitymoldplasticinjectionmold,plasticinjectionmoldhasbeenabletomulti-colorpreliminarydesignandmanufacturing.Mouldisabout80milliontimestheaveragelifespanisabout,themaindifferenceisthelargedeformationofmoldcomponents,excessburrsideofalarge,poorsurfacequality,erosionandcorrosionseriousmoldcavity,themoldcavityexhaustpoorandvulnerablesuchas,injectionmold5umaccuracyhasreachedbelowthehighestlifeexpectancyhasexceeded20milliontimes,thenumberhasmorethan100chambercavity,reachingthemid80stoearly90stheinternationaladvancedlevel.3.2moldPresentStatusofTechnologyTechnicallevelofChinasmoldindustrycurrentlyuneven,withwidedisparities.Generallyspeaking,withthedevel