外文翻译--汽车的差速器.doc

41附录AutomobiledifferentialdeviceThemotorcarenginepowerafterthecoupling,thetransmissiongearbox,thedriveshaft,thefinalbiographydeliversdrivingaxleabouttoassignagainforsemiaxisactuatesthewheel,inthistransmissionofpowerway,drivingaxleislastalwaysbecomes,itsmajorcomponentisthereductiongearandthedifferentialdevice.Thereductiongearfunctionisdeceleratesincreasesrectangular,thisfunctiondependsentirelyonbetweenthegearandthegearmeshescompletes,comparedwithiseasytounderstand.Butthedifferentialdevicequiteisdifficulttounderstandthat,whatiscalledthedifferentialdevice,whywantsthedifferencefast?Theautomobiledifferentialdeviceisactuationhost.Itsfunctioniswhiletotwosidesemiaxistransmissionspowers,allowsnearbytwosemiaxistorevolvebythedifferentrotationalspeed,satisfiestwosidewheelstotheformwhichpurelyrollsnottomakesamelenggethetravelasfaraspossible,reducesthetireandthegroundfriction.automobilewhenthecornerthewheeltrajectoryisacirculararc,iftheautomobiletenleftiscurved,thecirculararccentralpointinleftside,inthesametime,thearcwhichrightflankthewheelwalkscomparedtoaleftsideturnofZichang,inordertobalancethisdifferenceleftside,wantswheelslow,rightsidewheelquick,makesupthedistancewiththedifferentrotationalspeedthedifference.Ifbackwheelmakesawhole,isunabletoachievetwosideswheelstherotationalspeeddifference,alsoiscannotachievetheautomaticcontrol.Inordertosolvethisproblem,asearlyasin100yearsago,FrenchReynoldcarcompanysfounderLouisReynolddesignedthedifferentialdevicethisgadgetordinarydifferentialdevicebytheplanetgear,planetarygear,componentsandsoonrear42axleshaftgearhasbeencomposed.Theenginepowerclassicsandcommentariesmovingaxisentersthedifferentialdevice,thedirectdriveplanetarygearframe,leadsleft,righttwoagainbytheplanetarygearsemiaxis,separatelyactuatesleft,therightwheel.Thedifferentialdevicedesignrequestsatisfies:(leftsemiaxisrotationalspeed)(rightsemiaxisrotationalspeed)=2(planetarygearrotationalspeed).Whenautomobilegoalone,isleft,therightwheelandaplanetarygearthreerotationalspeedequallyisatthestateofequilibrium,butwhenautomobilecurvethreestatesofequilibriumaredestroyed,causeaninsideturnofrotationalspeedtoreduce,aflankturnofrotationalspeedincreases.Thiskindofadjustmentisautomatic,hereinvolvesthesmallestenergyconsumptionprinciple,alsoisontheEarthallobjectsallfavorstoconsumesenergythesmallestcondition.Forexampleadmitsagrainofbeaninabowl,thebeancanautomaticallypauseinthebowlbottombutcannotpauseinthebowlwall,becausethebowlbottomistheenergylowestposition(potentialenergy),itsautomaticselectionstatic(kineticenergyissmallest)butcannottheunceasingmovement.Similartruth,wheelwhencurvealsocanautomaticallytendtotheenergyconsumptionlowestconditionabout,whenautomaticallyadjustsaturnofrotationalspeed.worksasthecurveaccordingtotheradiusofturn,becauseoutsidesidewheelhasthephenomenonwhichslipperytows,insidewheelhaswheelspinthephenomenon,twodrivinggearsthistimecanoppositehavetwodirectionstoattachthethrustaugmentation,becausethesmallestenergyconsumptionprinciple,inevitablycausestwosidewheelstherotationalspeedstobedifferent,thusdestroyedthreebalancesrelations,andthroughsemiaxisreflectedtotherearaxleshaftgearon,forcestheplanetgeartohavetherotation,makestheflanksemiaxisrotationalspeedtospeedup,theinsidesemiaxisrotationalspeedreducesspeed,Thusrealizestwosidecarsturnofrotationalspeedsdifference.Ontheautomobileusesthegeardrivetheparttohavedrivingaxle,thetransmissiongearbox,theengine,theazimuthtraining43gearandsoonalwaysbecomes,thedifferentpartusesaformdifferentsizenotgear.Inallkindsofgear,someonenamenamedthehyperboliccurvethegear,matchesinthemarketinthesteamalsotohavespeciallyusesinitslubricatingoiltobecalledthehyperboliccurvegearoil.Thiskindofgearusesonthedrivingaxlemaingearbox.Onthepassengervehiclemaingearboxgenerallyusesthehyperboliccurvegear.Thisisbecausethehyperboliccurvegearcompareswiththespiralbevelgear,formerrevolutionnoisefew,worksteadier,turnsthetoothintensitytobehigher,moreoveralsohasthedrivegearspoolthreadtobeallowedtherelativedrivengeardisalignmentcharacteristic,thispointregardingthe，automobiletechnicalperformancecountformuch,engineertobeallowedinnottochangetheenginethepositionsizetobealloweddirectlytochangedrivingaxlethegroundclearance,alsoischangestheentirevehiclethegroundclearance.Someautomobilesproducethepassengervehicleandthemovementleisurevehicleontheidenticalframe,itschassisparametertransformationalsohasusedhyperboliccurvegearthischaracteristic.Becausehasthesemerits,atpresentautomobiledrivingaxlealreadytendedtousesthehyperboliccurvegear,infactrecentyearsimportedtheautomobilebasicallywasusesthehyperboliccurvegear,thedomesticallyproducedautomobilealsohasmanyvehicletypestousethehyperboliccurvegear,andalreadymoreandmoremanyincenter,ontheheavyfreightvehicleobtaineduses.whenthehyperboliccurvegearworked,betweenthetoothfacecanhaveinabigwayrelativelyskids,alsothetoothfacepressurewasverybig,thetoothfacelubricantfilmiseasilydestroyed.Inordertoreducethefriction,enhancestheefficiency,musthavetouseincludesguardsagainstblowsthewoundchemicaladditivespecial-purposehyperboliccurvegearoil,cannotuseothergearoiltoreplace,otherwisewillcausethetoothfacerapidattritionandtheabrasion,seriouslywillaffecttheautomobiletherunningstatus.44汽车的差速器汽车发动机的动力经离合器、变速器、传动轴，最后传送到驱动桥再左右分配给半轴驱动车轮，在这条动力传送途径上，驱动桥是最后一个总成，它的主要部件是减速器和差速器。减速器的作用就是减速增矩，这个功能完全靠齿轮与齿轮之间的啮合完成，比较容易理解。而差速器就比较难理解，什么叫差速器，为什么要“差速”？汽车差速器是驱动轿的主件。它的作用就是在向两边半轴传递动力的同时，允许两边半轴以不同的转速旋转，满足两边车轮尽可能以纯滚动的形式作不等距行驶，减少轮胎与地面的摩擦。汽车在拐弯时车轮的轨线是圆弧，如果汽车向左转弯，圆弧的中心点在左侧，在相同的时间里，右侧轮子走的弧线比左侧轮子长，为了平衡这个差异，就要左边轮子慢一点，右边轮子快一点，用不同的转速来弥补距离的差异。如果后轮轴做成一个整体，就无法做到两侧轮子的转速差异，也就是做不到自动调整。为了解决这个问题，早在一百年前，法国雷诺汽车公司的创始人路易斯.雷诺就设计出了差速器这个玩意。普通差速器由行星齿轮、行星轮架（差速器壳）、半轴齿轮等零件组成。发动机的动力经传动轴进入差速器，直接驱动行星轮架，再由行星轮带动左、右两条半轴，分别驱动左、右车轮。差速器的设计要求满足：（左半轴转速）+（右半轴转速）=2（行星轮架转速）。当汽车直行时，左、右车轮与行星轮架三者的转速相等处于平衡状态，而在汽车转弯时三者平衡状态被破坏，导致内侧轮转速减小，外侧轮转速增加。这种调