【word优秀硕士论文】中国欧盟信息社会项目

EUCHINAINFORMATIONSOCIETYPROJECT中国欧盟信息社会项目PROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSRIGHTSINTHEDIGITALAGE数字时代的广播组织权保护BYDRPETERGANEA,MAXPLANCKINSTITUTEFORINTELLECTUALPROPERTY,COMPETITIONANDTAXLAW,MUNICHPETERGANEA博士，马克斯普朗克知识产权学会，竞争与税法，慕尼黑ADJPROFDRSILKEVONLEWINSKI,MAXPLANCKINSTITUTEFORINTELLECTUALPROPERTY,COMPETITIONANDTAXLAW,MUNICHSILKEVONLEWINSKI教授，博士，马克斯普朗克知识产权学会，竞争与税法，慕尼黑PROFDRWANGQIAN,EASTCHINAUNIVERSITYOFPOLITICALSCIENCEANDLAW,SHANGHAI王迁教授，博士,华东政法大学THISREPORTWASCONDUCTEDFORTHEEUCHINAINFORMATIONSOCIETYPROJECTSUPERVISEDANDEDITEDBYDRTHOMASHART由中国欧盟信息社会项目法规专家THOMASHART先生指导修订JANUARY20092009年1月TABLEOFCONTENTSACHINA41ITRANSMISSIONOFBROADCASTINNETWORKENVIRONMENT411TRANSMISSIONOFONESOWNPROGRAM412UNAUTHORIZEDRETRANSMISSIONOFOTHERSPROGRAM42IITHESTATUSQUOOFTHEPROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSINCHINA421THESCOPEOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONS43AWEBCASTER43BSIMULCASTER442THERIGHTSENJOYEDBYBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONS44ACOPYRIGHTOVERWORKS44BPRODUCERSRIGHTOVERSOUND/VIDEORECORDINGS47CBROADCASTERSRIGHTOVERSIGNALS48BINTERNATIONALLAW56ITHEEXISTINGINTERNATIONALLAW581THEROMECONVENTION196158ATHETERM“BROADCASTINGORGANISATIONS”58BELIGIBILITYFORPROTECTION58CPRINCIPLESOFPROTECTION59DMINIMUMRIGHTS61EEXCEPTIONSANDLIMITATIONS632BRUSSELSSATELLITECONVENTION1974653THETRIPSAGREEMENT68ATERM“BROADCASTINGORGANISATIONS”68BPRINCIPLESOFPROTECTION68CTHEMINIMUMRIGHTS69DRESTRICTIONOFOBLIGATIONTOPROTECTBROADCASTERS70ERESUME71IITHERECENTWIPODISCUSSIONSONAPOSSIBLETREATYONBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONS711THEDEVELOPMENTOFDISCUSSIONSFROM1997TO200871AINITIALACTIVITIES71BDEVELOPMENTOFWORKINTHESTANDINGCOMMITTEEOFWIPO732THEMAINISSUESATSTAKEFORATREATYONTHEPROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONS79APRINCIPLESOFPROTECTION79BRIGHTOWNERSANDOBJECTSOFPROTECTION80CMINIMUMRIGHTS86DLIMITATIONSANDOTHERRESTRICTIONSOFPROTECTION87EOTHERMINIMUMSTANDARDS88FFRAMEWORKPROVISIONS893RESUMEOFWIPODISCUSSIONS89CTHELEGALPROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONSUNDERECLAW92ITHEECSPECIFICLEGALSITUATION92IIHARMONISATIONOFRIGHTSREGARDINGBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONSBYECDIRECTIVES941THESPECIFICISSUESDEALTWITHINTHE1993SATELLITEANDCABLEDIRECTIVE942THERIGHTSOFBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONSUNDERDIFFERENTDIRECTIVES96ARENTALDIRECTIVE96BINFORMATIONSOCIETYDIRECTIVE973LIMITATIONSOFRIGHTSOFBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONSUNDERDIFFERENTDIRECTIVES984DURATIONOFPROTECTION995PROTECTIONAGAINSTCIRCUMVENTIONOFTECHNICALMEASURES/RMI996COVEREDBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONS99IIICONCLUSIONSREGARDINGTHEPROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANISATIONSUNDERTHEECDIRECTIVES100DNATIONALLEGISLATIONANDCASELAW102IINTRODUCTORYREMARKS102IIDECISIONSWITHREGARDTOSIMULTANEOUSINTERNETTRANSMISSIONOFBROADCASTEDSIGNALS1041GERMANYTHE“PEERTOPEERNETWORK”CASE1042JAPANTHE“MANEKITV”CASE106IIIDECISIONSRELATEDTOTHEPROVIDERSLIABILITYIFINTERNETUSEOFBROADCASTSINVOLVESINTERMEDIARYREPRODUCTIONS1121GERMANYTHE“VIRTUALVIDEORECORDER”CASE1132JAPANTHE“ROKUGANET”CASE119IVINTERIMCONCLUSIONS122ECONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSFORCHINA125IIIRECOMMENDATIONSONAMENDINGTHEPRCCOPYRIGHTLAWTOBETTERPROTECTBROADCASTERSINCHINA1251“RADIOSTATION,TELEVISIONSTATION”AND“BROADCASTING”SHOULDBEDEFINED1262PROTECTIONSOFSIMULCASTSTRANSMITTEDONCOMPUTERNETWORKSHOULDBEGRANTED1273“REBROADCASTING”INARTICLE44SHOULDBEDEFINEDTOCOVERSIMULTANEOUSRETRANSMISSIONOFBROADCASTOVERTHEINTERNET1284THERIGHTOFCOMMUNICATIONSHOULDBEADDED129PROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSRIGHTSINTHEDIGITALAGETHEEUCHINAINFORMATIONSOCIETYPROJECT“SUPPORTTOREGULATORYDIALOGUEPREPAREDBYDRPETERGANEA,MAXPLANCKINSTITUTEFORINTELLECTUALPROPERTY,COMPETITIONANDTAXLAW,MUNICHADJPROFDRSILKEVONLEWINSKI,MAXPLANCKINSTITUTEFORINTELLECTUALPROPERTY,COMPETITIONANDTAXLAW,MUNICHPROFDRWANGQIAN,EASTCHINAUNIVERSITYOFPOLITICALSCIENCEANDLAW,SHANGHAIACHINAWANGQIANITRANSMISSIONOFBROADCASTINNETWORKENVIRONMENTALONGWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDPROSPERITYOFTHEINTERNET,ONLINETRANSMISSIONOFPROGRAMSTHROUGHTHEINTERNETISBOOMINGNOWADAYSALMOSTALLTHEBROADCASTPROGRAMSOFTRADITIONALRADIOSTATIONSCANBEHEARDONTHEINTERNETWITHREGULARPLAYERSSUCHASREALPLAYERANDMEDIAPLAYERINADDITION,MANYBROADCASTPROGRAMSOFTRADITIONALTELEVISIONSTATIONSCANBEWATCHEDONTHEINTERNETWITHVARIOUSKINDSOFSOFTWARESUCHASPPLIVE,PPSTREAMANDGSOPCASTTHENUMBEROFINDIVIDUALSANDUNITSTHATTRANSMITPROGRAMSONTHEREALTIMEBASISOVERTHEINTERNETWEBCASTERSISINCREASINGRAPIDLYITISBEYONDDOUBTTHATTHEINTERNETHASBECOMEAVERYIMPORTANTWAYOFTRANSMITTINGPROGRAMS1TRANSMISSIONOFONESOWNPROGRAMINSOMECASES,TRADITIONALRADIOORTELEVISIONSTATIONSPROVIDETHEIRBROADCASTPROGRAMSTOTHEPUBLICVIATHEINTERNETEITHERONTHEREALTIMEORONTHEINTERACTIVEBASISCHINACENTRALTELEVISIONSTATIONCCTVISATYPICALEXAMPLEONTHECCTVSWEBSITEHTTP/TVCCTVCOM,ALLTHE17CHANNELSPROGRAMS,WHICHAREBROADCASTEDOVERTHEAIR,BYTHECABLEORSATELLITE,ARESIMULACASTEDVIATHEINTERNETAUSERCANCHOOSETOSEETHEPROGRAMEITHERTHROUGHTVSETORINTERNETINADDITION,CCTVALSOMAKESMOSTOFITSPROGRAMSAVAILABLEFORONDEMANDTRANSMISSIONAUSERCANACCESSTHEPROGRAMFROMAPLACEANDATATIMEINDIVIDUALLYCHOSENBYTHEMINSOMEOTHERCASES,WEBSITESTRANSMITTHEIROWNPROGRAMSONTHEREALTIMEBASISWITHOUTBROADCASTINGTHESAMEPROGRAMSBYTRADITIONALWAYINOTHERWORDS,THEYAREONLYWEBCASTERS,NOTSIMULCASTERSFOREXAMPLE,DURINGBEIJINGOLYMPICGAMES,SOMEOFFICIALLYAUTHORIZEDWEBSITESAREALLOWEDTOTRANSMITOLYMPICGAMESLIVE2UNAUTHORIZEDRETRANSMISSIONOFOTHERSPROGRAMTHEREAREMAINLYTWOWAYSOFUNAUTHORIZEDONLINERETRANSMISSIONOFBROADCASTPROGRAMSOFRADIOANDTELEVISIONSTATIONSFIRST,SOMEWEBSITESSIMULTANEOUSLYRETRANSMITBROADCASTPROGRAMSOFRADIOORTELEVISIONSTATIONSVIATHEINTERNETONTHEREALTIMEBASISTHISFORMOFUNAUTHORIZEDRETRANSMISSIONISPARTICULARLYATTRACTIVETOSTUDENTSLIVINGINCAMPUSTHEREASONISTHATMOSTDORMITORIESINCAMPUSARECONNECTEDTOINTERNET,BUTONLYVERYFEWOFTHEMAREEQUIPPEDWITHTVSETSASARESULT,MANYSTUDENTSAREUSEDTOWATCHINGTELEVISIONPROGRAMSONTHELINEONTHEIRPERSONALORSHAREDCOMPUTERSINDORMITORIES,ESPECIALLYWHENTHEREARESPORTSEVENTS,SUCHASNBA,WORLDCUPANDOLYMPICGAMESINADDITION,SOMEUNIVERSITIESEVENPROVIDEFREE“TVSOFTWARE”TOENABLESTUDENTSTOWATCHTELEVISIONPROGRAMSONTHEIRCOMPUTERSTHEQUALITYOFPROGRAMSSIMULTANEOUSLYRETRANSMITTEDBYINTERNETISASGOODASTHATOFPROGRAMSBROADCASTEDBYTRADITIONALWAYCONSEQUENTLY,INTERNETBECOMESANALTERNATIVEWAYOFACCESSINGTELEVISIONPROGRAMSUNCONTROLLEDRETRANSMISSIONPOSESATHREATTOTHEBUSINESSOPPORTUNITIESOFTHEESTABLISHEDTVBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONS,ASUNAUTHORIZEDWEBSERVICESNORMALLYOFFERTHEPROGRAMOFSEVERALORALLTVSTATIONSTHROUGHONEWEBPAGE,WHICHISMORECONVENIENTTOTHEAUDIENCETHANACCESSINGTHEDESIREDBROADCASTBYOPENINGTHERESPECTIVEBROADCASTERSSEPARATEHOMEPAGETHEREFORE,SIMULTANEOUSRETRANSMISSIONOFBROADCASTEDPROGRAMSBYUNAUTHORIZEDTHIRDSWILLREDUCETHETELEVISIONSTATIONSAUDIENCEANDTHEADVERTISEMENTINCOMEANDPOSESERIOUSTHREATSTOTHEMSECONDLY,SOMEWEBSITESRECORDTHEBROADCASTPROGRAMSTRANSMITTEDBYRADIOSTATIONSANDTELEVISIONSTATIONS,ANDTHENMAKETHEPROGRAMSAVAILABLEFORONDEMANDSERVICEFORMANYPEOPLE,WATCHINGTHEBROADCASTPROGRAMSONTHELINEISMORECONVENIENTSINCETHEYCOULDCHOOSETHETIMEANDTHEYARENOLONGERSUBJECTTOTHETIMESCHEDULEOFTELEVISIONSTATIONSSOMEIPTVSERVICEPROVIDERSRECORDEDALLTHEBROADCASTPROGRAMSOFTELEVISIONSTATIONS,ANDPROVIDETHEMTOSUBSCRIBERSONTHEINTERACTIVEONDEMANDBASISITCOULDBEESTIMATEDTHATMOREANDMOREPEOPLEWILLCHOOSETOWATCHTELEVISIONPROGRAMSONLINEWITHTHEINCREASINGLYPOPULARITYOFBANDWIDTHIITHESTATUSQUOOFTHEPROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSINCHINATHEPROTECTIONOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSISEXTREMELYCOMPLEX,NOTONLYBECAUSETHEPROTECTIONHASOFTENBEENIMPACTEDBYTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY,BUTALSOBECAUSEINDIFFERENTCIRCUMSTANCESBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSHAVEDIFFERENTLEGALSTATUSWITHDIFFERENTRIGHTS1THESCOPEOFBROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONSAWEBCASTERARTICLE44INPRCCOPYRIGHTLAWPROVIDESNEIGHBORINGRIGHTPROTECTIONFOR“RADIOSTATIONSANDTELEVISIONSTATIONS”HOWEVER,THECOPYRIGHTLAWDOESNOTDEFINETHETERMOF“RADIOSTATIONSANDTELEVISIONSTATIONS”,NORDOTHEREGULATIONSADOPTEDBYTHESTATECOUNCILORJUDICIALINTERPRETATIONSISSUEDBYTHESUPREMECOURTTHEONLYLEGALDEFINITIONOFTHETERMEXISTSINREGULATIONONRADIOANDTELEVISIONADMINISTRATIONARTICLE8INTHEREGULATIONPROVIDES,“THERADIOSTATIONSANDTELEVISIONSTATIONSREFERREDTOINTHISREGULATIONSHALLINDICATETHOSEUNITSTHATEDITANDPRODUCERADIOANDTELEVISIONBROADCASTPROGRAMS,ANDTRANSMITTHEPROGRAMSBYWIREORWIRELESSMEANS”ARTICLE10FURTHERPROVIDES,“RADIOSTATIONSANDTELEVISIONSTATIONSSHALLBEESTABLISHEDBYTHEDEPARTMENTOFRADIOANDTELEVISIONADMINISTRATIONINPEOPLESGOVERNMENTABOVETHELEVELOFCOUNTYANDTHEMUNICIPALITYWITHOUTSUBORDINATEDISTRICTSEDUCATIONALTELEVISIONSTATIONSSHALLBEESTABLISHEDBYTHEDEPARTMENTOFEDUCATIONADMINISTRATIONINPEOPLESGOVERNMENTABOVETHELEVELOFAUTONOMOUSPREFECTUREANDMUNICIPALITYWITHSUBORDINATEDISTRICTSNOOTHERUNITSORINDIVIDUALSCANESTABLISHRADIOSTATIONSANDTELEVISIONSTATIONS”INCHINA,NOWEBSITETHATTRANSMITSITSOWNPROGRAMSSOLELYTHROUGHTHEINTERNETISESTABLISHEDASA“RADIOSTATION”OR“TELEVISIONSTATION”BYTHERADIOANDTELEVISIONADMINISTRATIONBUREAUINLOCALGOVERNMENTITMEANSTHATTHOSEWEBSITESARENOT“RADIOSTATIONS”OR“TELEVISIONSTATIONS”THATCANENJOYTHEPROTECTIONSGRANTEDBYARTICLE44INTHECOPYRIGHTLAWINADDITION,SINCERADIOANDTELEVISIONSTATIONSAREDEFINEDBYARTICLE8INREGULATIONONRADIOANDTELEVISIONADMINISTRATIONASUNITSTHATTRANSMITTHEPROGRAMS“BYWIREORWIRELESSMEANS”,WEBCASTERSCOULDNOTBEPOSSIBLYRECOGNIZEDAS“RADIOANDTELEVISIONSTATIONS”SINCETHEYDONOTTRANSMITPROGRAMSBYTHETRADITIONALWIREORWIRELESSMEANS,BUTTHROUGHTHEINTERNETTHEREFORE,WEBCASTERSCANNOTBEPROTECTEDASRADIOANDTELEVISIONSTATIONSBYTHECOPYRIGHTLAW,UNLESSTHEREGULATIONONRADIOANDTELEVISIONADMINISTRATIONISAMENDEDTOEXTENDTHECONCEPTOFRADIOANDTELEVISIONSTATIONSTOWEBCASTERSTHATTRANSMITSTHEIRPROGRAMSSOLELYTHROUGHTHEINTERNETBSIMULCASTERITSEEMSTHATATRADITIONALRADIOORTELEVISIONSTATIONCOULDBEPROTECTEDBYARTICLE44INTHECOPYRIGHTLAWEVENIFTHESTATIONSIMULTANEOUSLYTRANSMITSTHESAMEPROGRAMSTHATAREBEINGBROADCASTEDBYWIREORWIRELESSMEANSHOWEVER,ITISNOTCLEARWHETHERORNOTTHEPROTECTIONGRANTEDBYARTICLE44INTHECOPYRIGHTLAWONLYCOVERSTHEPROGRAMCARRYINGSIGNALSSENTBYTHETRADITIONALWIREORWIRELESSMEANS,ORITCOULDBEEXTENDEDTOPROGRAMCARRYINGDATATRANSMITTEDOVERTHEINTERNETFORINSTANCE,ITISANINFRINGINGACTTOREBROADCASTCCTVSBROADCASTPROGRAMTHATISBEINGTRANSMITTEDBYWIRELESSMEANSORBYCABLEBUTWHETHERITISALSOANINFRINGINGACTTORETRANSMITCCTVSPROGRAMTHATISBEINGSHOWEDSIMULTANEOUSLYONITSWEBSITETHEREISNOCLEARANSWERINCHINA2THERIG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