高中名词性从句讲解与练习

名词性从句详解与练习名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。引导词主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类一是THAT；二是WHETHER；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY等（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词WHO,WHOSE,WHOM,WHAT,WHICH。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词THAT,WHETHER,IF,ASIF。THAT无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；IFWHETHER,ASIF虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词WHETHER和IF（是否），ASIF（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，WHETHER、IF和ASIF都用不上时，才用THAT作连接词（THAT本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。EGWHOWILLGOISNOTIMPORTANT2、用IT作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。EGITDOESNTMATTERSOMUCHWHETHERYOUWILLCOMEORNOT3、THAT引导主语从句时，不能省略。EGTHATHESUDDENLYFELLILLLASTWEEKMADEUSSURPRISED（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。EGTHEQUESTIONWASWHOCOULDGOTHERE2、引导表语从句的连接词THAT有时可省去。EGMYIDEAISTHATWECANGETMORECOMRADESTOHELPINTHEWORK（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词THAT一般可省略。EGIHOPETHATEVERYTHINGISALLRIGHT2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用WHICH或IF连接，要分别用WHAT或WHETHER。EGIMINTERESTEDINWHETHERYOUVEFINISHEDTHEWORKIMINTERESTEDINWHATYOUVESAID3、WHETHER与IF都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用IF，不用WHETHER。EGIWONDERIFITDOESNTRAIN用IF会引起误解，就要用WHETHER。EGPLEASELETMEKNOWWHETHERYOUWANTTOGO（此句如果把WHETHER改成IF，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的WHETHER与ORNOT直接连用，就不能换成IF；不直接连用，可换。EGIDONTKNOWWHETHERORNOTTHEREPORTISTRUEIDONTKNOWWHETHER/IFTHEREPORTISTRUEORNOT介词后的宾语从句要用WHETHER引导。WHETHER可与不定式连用。WHETHER也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成IF。但引导条件从句时，只能用IF，而不能用WHETHER。EGITDEPENDSONWHETHERWEHAVEENOUGHTIMETHEYDONTKNOWWHETHERTOGOTHEREPLEASECOMETOSEEMEIFYOUHAVETIME（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如NEWS,FACT,IDEA,SUGGESTION,PROMISE等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。EGIHAVENOIDEAWHENHEWILLBEBACKTHEFACTTHATHEHADNOTSAIDANYTHINGSURPRISEDEVERYBODY一、主语从句1引导词主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类一是THAT；二是WHETHER；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY等。如THATWESHALLBELATEISCERTAIN我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。WHATHESAYSISNOTIMPORTANT他说的话并不重要。HOWTHISHAPPENEDISNOTCLEARTOANYONE这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。WHICHSIDEWINSMAKESNODIFFERENCETOHIM哪边赢他都无所谓。WHETHERITWILLDOUSHARMREMAINSTOBESEEN是否对我们有害还要看一看。2形式主语有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用IT作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句末。如ITSAPITYTHATHEDIDNTCOME很遗憾他没来。ITSNOTYETKNOWNWHATSHEDID她做什么还不得而知。ITWASUNCERTAINWHETHERHECOULDCOMEORNOT他是否会来还不肯定。这三句句首的IT均为形式主语，相应的真主语分别是THATHEDIDNTCOME/WHATSHEDID/WHETHERHECOULDCOMEORNOT。二、表语从句表语从句就是在复合句中用作表语的从句。一般说来，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句，如THAT,WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY,WHETHER等。如MYIDEAISTHATWESHOULDDOITRIGHTAWAY我的意见是马上就干。THATISWHATHEMEANT这就是他的意思。THEPROBLEMISHOWWECANFINDHIM问题是我们如何找到他。THEMORNINGISWHENIMBUSIEST早上是我最忙的时候。THATSWHEREYOUAREWRONG这就是你不对的地方。THATSWHYHEDIDNTCOME这就是他没有来的缘故。另外，表语从句还可以用ASIF,ASTHOUGH,BECAUSE等来引导。如ITISBECAUSEHEISTOOFOOLISH那是因为他太蠢了。ITISNOTASTHOUGHWEWEREPOOR又不是我们家里穷。三、宾语从句1引导词宾语从句就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句。一般说来，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导宾语从句，如THAT,WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY,WHETHER等。如WEBELIEVETHATHEISHONEST我们相信他是诚实的。SHEHASGOTWHATSHEWANTED她要的东西得到了。IHAVENTDECIDEDWHETHERISHOULDGO我还没决定我是否会去。IASKEDHOWHEWASGETTINGON我问他情况怎样。HEASKEDWHENTHETRAINWOULDGETIN他问火车什么时候进站。HEASKEDMEWHEREIWASGOING他问我到哪儿去。PLEASETELLMEWHICHYOULIKE告诉我你喜欢哪一个。HEASKEDWHOLIVEDNEXTDOOR他问谁住在隔壁。SHEASKEDWHYHEWASSILENT她问他为什么一言不发。2IF与WHETHERIF通常不用于引导主语从句或表语从句，但可以用于引导宾语从句，与WHETHER用法相同，常可互换。如IWONDERIFITSLARGEENOUGH不知它是否够大。SHEDIDNTSAYIFHEWASSTILLALIVE她没说他是否还活着WWWYYWORDSCOM。但是，当于用于介词后引导宾语从句时，只能用WHETHER，不能用IF。如IWORRYABOUTWHETHERIHURTHERFEELINGS我为是否伤了她的感情而忧虑。3THAT的省略THAT引导主语从句或表语从句时通常不省略，但引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。如SHESAIDTHATSHEDIDNTWANTTOKNOW她说她不想知道。IDONTTHINKTHATSHESINTERESTEDINIT我想她对这事没有兴趣。4否定转移当主句主语为第一人称，且主句谓语动词为THINK,BELIEVE,SUPPOSE,EXPECT,IMAGINE等时，若其后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，此时通常应将否定转移到主句上。如IDONTTHINKTHATHEWILLLEAVE我认为他不会离开。IDONTBELIEVETHATITISEASY我相信这不会容易。四、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。所谓同位语，就是指两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，此时我们就把后一项称为前一项的同位语。所谓同位语从句，就是指用于名词后对该名词的内容进行说明解释的从句。如THEJUDGEPAIDNOATTENTIONTOTHEFACTTHATSHEHADJUSTLOSTHERHUSBAND法官毫不考虑她刚刚失去丈夫一事。句中的THATSHEHADJUSTLOSTHERHUSBAND为修饰名词THEFACT的同位语从句，用以具体说明THEFACT的内容。MARYSUDDENLYGOTTHEFEELINGTHATSOMEONEWASWATCHINGHER玛丽突然感到有人在看她。句中的THATSOMEONEWASWATCHINGHER为修饰名词THEFEELING的同位语从句，用以具体说明THEFEELING的内容。英语中只有少数名词可后接同位语从句，比较常见的有BELIEF,DOUBT,FACT,FEELING,HOPE,IDEA,MESSAGE,NEWS,OPINION等WWWYYGRAMMARCOM。另外，同位语从句的引导词也比较有限，主要是由THAT引导，有时可也可用WHEN,HOW,WHERE,WHETHER,WHO等引导，但是不能用IF也引导，也不能用WHAT来引导。如YOUHAVENOIDEAHOWWORRIEDIWAS你不知道我多着急HEHADNOIDEAWHYSHELEFT他不知道她为什么离开。THEREISSOMEDOUBTWHETHERHEWILLCOME他是否会来还不一定。练习名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句1CHINAISNOLONGERWHATITUSEDTOBE2THETRUTHTHATTHEEARTHTURNAROUNDTHESUNISKNOWNTOALL3ITWASSNOWINGWHENHEARRIVEDATTHESTATION4HOWHEPERSUADEDTHEMANAGERTOCHANGETHEPLANISINTERESTINGTOUSALL5THENEWSTHATTHEYHADWONTHEGAMESOONSPREADOVERTHEWHOLESCHOOL6THENEWSTHATYOUTOLDMEYESTERDAYWASREALLYDISAPPOINTING7THATISWHERELUXUNUSEDTOLIVE8HESPOKEASIFHEUNDERSTOODWHATHEWASTALKINGABOUT9DOYOUREMEMBERTHETEACHERWHOTAUGHTUSENGLISHATMIDDLESCHOOL10IWONDERWHYSHEREFUSEDMYINVITATION二、用适当的连词填空1ICANTDECIDE_DICTIONARYISHOULDBUY2THATS_HEREFUSEDMYINVITATION3IAMVERYINTERESTEDIN_HEHASIMPROVEDHISPRONUNCIATIONINSUCHASHORTTIME4_WENEEDISMORETIME5THEFACT_SHEHADNOTSAIDANYTHINGATTHEMEETINGSURPRISEDEVERYBODY6_AND_THEYWILLMEETHASNOTBEENDECIDEDYET7PLEASETELLME_YOUAREWAITINGFOR8ISTHAT_YOUARELOOKINGFOR9WOULDYOUPLEASETELLME_THENEARESTPOSTOFFICEIS10IDONTKNOW_HEWILLAGREETOTHEPLANORNOT三、选择填空1DOYOUSEE_IMEANATHATB/CHOWDWHAT2TELLME_ISONYOURMINDATHATBWHATCWHICHDWHY3WEMUSTSTICKTO_WEHAVEAGREEDONAWHATBTHATC/DHOW4LETMESEE_ATHATCANIREPAIRTHERADIOBWHETHERICANREPAIRTHERADIOCICANREPAIRTHERADIODWHETHERCANIREPAIRTHERADIO5KEEPINMIND_ATHATTHETEACHERSAIDBWHATDIDTHETEACHERSAYCTHATDIDTHETEACHERSAYDWHATTHETEACHERSAID6COULDYOUADVISEME_AWHICHBOOKSHOULDIREADFIRSTBWHATBOOKSHOULDIREADFIRSTCTHATBOOK1SHOULDREADFIRSTDWHICHBOOKISHOULDREADFIRST7HEWASCRITICIZEDFOR_AHEHADDONEITBWHATHEHADDONECWHATHADHEDONEDTHATHEHADDONEIT8WOULDYOUKINDLYTELLME_AHOWCANIGETTOTHEBEIJINGRAILWAYSTATIONBHOWICANGETTOTHEBEIJINGRAILWAYSTATIONCWHERECANIGETTOTHEBEIJINGRAILWAYSTATIONDWHETHERCANIGETTOTHEBEIJINGRAILWAYSTATION9MRSSMITHWASVERYMUCHIMPRESSEDBY_AWHATHADSHESEENINCHINABTHATSHEHADSEENINCHINACWHATSHEHADSEENINCHINADWHICHHADSHESEENINCHINA10WETOOKITFORGRANTED_ATHATTHEYWERENOTCOMINGBTHATWERETHEYNOTCOMINGCTHEYWERECOMINGNOTDWERETHEYNOTCOINING11IREALLYDONTKNOW_AISHOULDDONEXTBWHATSHOULDIDONEXTCWHATISHOULDDONEXTDHOWISHOULDDONEXT12IMAFRAID_ATHELITTLEGIRLWILLHAVETOBEOPERATEDONBTHATWILLTHELITTLEGIRLHAVETOOPERATEONCTHELITTLEGIRLWILLHAVETOOPERATEONDTHATWILLTHELITTLEGIRLHAVETOBEOPERATEDON13SHEWALKEDUPTO_AWHEREDIDISTANDBWHEREISTOODCISTOODTHEREDWHEREISTOODTHERE14CANYOUTELLME_AWHOISTHATGENTLEMANBTHATGENTLEMANISWHOCWHOTHATGENTLEMANISDWHOMISTHATGENTLEMAN15WELLGIVEYOU_ATHATDOYOUNEEDBWHATDOYOUNEEDCWHATEVERYOUNEEDDWHETHERDOYOUNEED16THEYWANTUSTOKNOW_TOHELPUSAWHATCANTHEYBWHATTHEYCANCHOWTHEYCANDHOWCANTHEY17WEMUSTPUT_INTOPRACTICEAWHATWEHAVELEARNEDBTHATWEHAVELEARNEDCTHATHAVEWELEARNEDDWHATHAVEWELEARNED18DIDSHESAYANYTHINGABOUT_ATHATTHEWORKWASTOBEDONEBHOWWASTHEWORKTOBEDONECTHATWASTHEWORKTOBEDONEDHOWTHEWORKWASTOBEDONE19HEWASNEVERSATISFIEDWITH_AWHATSHEHADACHIEVEDBHADWHATSHEACHIEVEDCSHEHADACHIEVEDDTHATSHEACHIEVED20THESEPHOTOGRAPHSWILLSHOWYOU_AWHATDOESOURVILLAGELOOKLIKEBWHATOURVILLAGELOOKSLIKECHOWDOESOURVILLAGELOOKLIKEDHOWOURVILLAGELOOKSLIKE21PETERINSISTED_HEPAYTHEBILLAONTHATBWHATCTHATDONWHICH22THEYURGED_THELIBRARYOPENDURINGTHEVACATIONAWHENBWHERECWHYDTHAT23WEWISHWECOULDHAVELEARNED_WHENWEWEREATHIGHSCHOOLAWHATYOUDIDBTHATYOUHADDONECTHATWHATYOUDIDDWHATDIDYOUDO241WILLDESCRIBETOYOU_ISAWWHENTHEREAWHATBTHATCWHICHD/25FROM_ISHOULDSAYHEISAGOODWORKERAWHAT1KNOWOFHIMBTHATIDOKNOWOFHIMCWHATDOIKNOWOFHIMDTHATDOIKNOWOFHIM26IWILLGIVETHISDICTIONARYTO_WANTSTOHAVEITAWHOMEVERBANYONECWHOEVERDSOMEONE27_THEYWILLCOMEHEREHASNTBEENDECIDEDYETAWHATBTHATCWHENDWHERE28_WASSAIDHEREMUSTBEKEPTSECRETAWHOBTHETHINGCWHATEVERDWHERE29ITISSTILLAQUESTION_WESHALLHAVEOURSPORTSMEETAIFBTHATCWHATDWHEN30IMGOINGANYWAY_SHEWILLGOISUPTOHERTODECIDEAIFORNOTBWHETHERORNOTCIFDTHAT31ITISSTRANGE_SHEHAVELEFTWITHOUTSAYINGAWORDATHATBWHATCWHYDHOW32ITISVERYCLEAR_OURPOLICYISACORRECTONEAWHATBTHATCWHYDWHERE33_MRZHANGSAIDISQUITERIGHTATHATBWHENCWHATDWHETHER34ITHASBEENDECIDED_HEWILLBESENTTHEREAIFBWHETHERCWHYDTHAT35ITDOESNTMATTER_HESCOMEBACKORNOTAIFBWHETHERCTHATDWHEN36ITSAGREATPITY_WEWONTBEABLETOFINISHTHETASKONTIMEAWHENBTHATCWHYDWHERE37ITHAPPENED_IWASNTTHERETHATDAYAWHENBWHYCWHEREDTHAT38_YOUHAVEDONEMIGHTDOHARMTOOTHERPEOPLEAWHATBTHATCWHICHDTHETHINGS39_LEAVESTHEROOMLASTOUGHTTOTURNOFTTHELIGHTSAANYONEBTHEPERSONCWHOEVERDWHO40_THE2000OLYMPICGAMESWONTBEHELDINBEIJINGISKNOWNTOALLAWHETHERBIFCWHENEVERDTHAT41_FAILSTOSEETHISWILLMAKEABIGMISTAKEATHATBWHOEVERCWHETHERDWHETHERORNOT42_WENEEDMOREEQUIPMENTISQUITEOBVIOUSAWHATBWHETHERCTHATDWHATEVER43HASITBEENANNOUNCED_AWHENARETHEPLANESTOTAKEOFFBTHATARETHEPLANESTOTAKEOFFCWHEREARETHEPLANESTOTAKEOFFDWHENTHEPLANESARETOTAKEOFF44THATIS_WEALLSUPPORTHISIDEAAWHATBWHYCWHEREDWHEN45THATS_WESHOULDDOATHATBWHATCHOWDWHY46_ISTROUBLINGMEIS_IDONTUNDERSTAND_HESAIDAWHATTHATWHATBWHATWHATWHATCTHATTHATWHATDWHYTHATWHICH47THINGSWERENOT_THEYSEEMEDTOBEAWHENBWHYCTHATDWHAT48THATS_IWANTTOSAYAALLWHATBWHATCALLWHICHDWHATTHAT49THATS_AWHEREOURDIFFERENCESLIEBOURDIFFERENCESLIETHERECWHEREDOOURDIFFERENCESLIEDTHATWHEREOURDIFFERENCESLIE50THATIS_AWHERELIVEDHETHEREBWHEREDIDHELIVECWHEREHELIVEDDTHATWHEREHELIVED51THEQUESTIONSIS_AWHETHERISITWORTHDOINGBTHATIFITISWORTHDOINGCWHETHERITISWORTHDOINGDIFITISWORTHDOING52WATERWILLCONTINUETOBE_ITISTODAYNEXTINIMPORTANCETOOXYGENAHOWBWHICHCWHATDAS53THATS_AHOWDIDIBECOMEATEACHERBHOWIBECAMEATEACHERCHOWATEACHERIBECAMEDTHATIBECAMEATEACHER54THEYAREJUST_ATHATWHATSHALLIHAVEBWHATSHALLIHAVECTHATISHALLHAVEWHATDWHATISHALLHAVE55ITLOOKED_AASIFITWASGOINGTORAINBTHATASIFITWASGOINGTORAINCASIFWASITGOINGTORAINDASIFTHATITWASGOINGTORAIN56THATS_AHOWSHEDIDITBTHATHOWDIDSHEDOITCHOWDIDSHEDOITDWHATSHEDIDIT57THATIS_WEDECIDEDTOPUTTHEDISCUSSIONOFFAWHEREBWHICHCTHATDWHY58THATS_ILIVEDWHENIWASTENYEARSOLDAWHEREBATWHICHCTHEREWHEREDWHEN59MYSUGGESTIONIS_WESHOULDSENDAFEWCOMRADESTOHELPTHEMAIFBTHATCWHENTHATDTHATWHERE60THEIDEA_ALLPEOPLEARESELFISHISWRONGAWHATBTHATCWHYDIF61WEHEARDTHENEWS_OURTEAMHADWONATHATBWHATCWHETHERDWHY62THEFACT_HEHADNTSAIDANYTHINGSURPRISEDUSALLAWHYBIFCTHATDWHETHER63IHAVENOIDEA_SHEWILLBEBACKATHATBWHERECTHATWHENDWHEN64WEMUSTKEEP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