虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。一、虚拟条件句条件句有两类一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。IFYOUDONTWORKHARD,YOUWILLFAILIFITISFINETOMORROW,WEWILLGOFORAPICNIC如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设HADDONEWOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULDHAVEDONE与现在事实相反的假设过去时WASWEREWOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULDDO与将来事实相反的假设过去时WASWERESHOULDDOWERETODOWOULD/COULD/MIGHT/SHOULDDO1与现在事实相反的虚拟WHATWOULDYOUDOIFYOUWONTHELOTTERYIFIWEREYOU,IWOULDSEIZETHECHANCETOGOABROADIFIHADALOTOFMONEYNOW,IWOULDTRAVELAROUNDTHEWORLD2与过去事实相反的虚拟IFYOUHADBEENHEREYESTERDAY,YOUWOULDHAVESEENHERIFHEHADDRIVENMORECAREFULLY,HEWOULDNOTHAVEHADTHECARACCIDENTYESTERDAY3与将来事实相反的虚拟IFITWERETORAIN/SHOULDRAIN/RAINEDTOMORROW,OURPLANWOULDBEPUTOFFIFWEWERETOPICNIC,WEWOULDNOTBEABLETOHELP二、错综、混合虚拟语气通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。1IFIHADSEENYOU,IWOULDNOTBESOWORRIEDNOW从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设2IFYOUHADNOTWATCHEDTELEVISIONSOLATELASTNIGHT,YOUWOULDNOTBESOSLEEPYNOW从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设3HADYOUFOLLOWEDTHEDOCTORSSUGGESTION,YOUWOULDBEFINENOW从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设4IFIHADMADESOMEMONEYLASTSUMMER,IWOULDGOONHOLIDAYNEXTMONTH从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设5YOUDIDNTLETMEDRIVEIFWEHADDRIVENINTURNS,YOUWOULDNTBESOTIREDNOW从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设6IFIWEREYOURMOTHER,IWOULDLETYOUGOOUTTHISWEEKEND从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设三、含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以IF引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有WITH,WITHOUT,BUTFOR,OTHERWISE,OR，EVEN,INCASEOF,WHATIF如果将如何等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句考试时多数情况是对过去的假设。BUTFORYOURENCOURAGEMENT,IWOULDNOTHAVEBEENADMITTEDTOTHISUNIVERSITY（过去）WITHOUTWATER,ALLLIVESWOULDDIE（现在）HEFELTTOOTIREDYESTERDAY,ORHEWOULDHAVEATTENDEDMYPARTY（过去）IWASHAVINGAMEETING,OTHERWISEIWOULDHAVECOMETOSEEYOUOFF（过去）四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气含有SHOULDV的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀一个坚持INSIST，两个命令ORDER,COMMAND，三个建议SUGGEST,ADVISE,RECOMMEND，四个要求ASK,REQUIRE,DEMAND,REQUEST。1宾语从句的虚拟语气HEINSISTEDTHATTHEMEETINGBEPUTOFFTHEGENERALORDEREDTHATALLTHESOLDIERSSHOULDLEAVEHEGIVESORDERSTHATTHESOLDIERSSHOULDLEAVE2表语从句的虚拟语气MYSUGGESTIONISTHATWESHOULDSTAYHEREFORAREST3同位语从句的虚拟语气THEREISNOSUGGESTIONTHATSHESHOULDRESIGN4主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在IT做形式主语的三种情况ITSPPTHAT；ITSADJTHAT；ITSNTHAT常用的动词RECOMMAND,DEMAND,DESIRE,ORDER,REQUEST,REQUIRE,SUGGEST,COMMAND常用的形容词IMPORTANT,NECESSARY,RIGHT,ADVISABLE,NATURAL,STRANGE,SURPRISING,REGRETFUL,URGENT,VITAL,INSISTENT,ESSENTIAL常用的名词DUTY,PITY,NOSURPISE,NOWONDER,SHAME,REGRET其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思ITSIMPORTANTTHATYOUSHOULDTAKETHEMEDICINEITSAPITYTHATYOUSHOULDREFUSETHEINVITATIONITSESSENTIALTHATWESHOULDLEARNSOMEKNOWLEDGEABOUTFISTAIDITSDEMANDEDTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDGOTOTHEPLAYGROUNDITWASSUGGESTEDTHATHESHOULDJOINTHECLUBACTIVITIES5IT为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以IT为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，IT后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。ICONSIDERITVITALTHATHESHOULDTHINKDEEPLYBEFOREACTINGWETHINKITNECESSARYTHATTHEMEETINGSHOULDBEPUTOFF6某些词语如SUGGEST,INSIST等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。HERSMILESUGGESTEDTHATSHEWASINFAVOROFTHEPLANWEINSISTEDTHATWHATTHEBOYDIDWASWRONG五虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况IWOULDRATHER,ITSTIME,FORFEARTHATWOULDRATHER在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身WOULDRATHER可以直接接动词原形，构成WOULDRATHERDOSTHTHANDOSTHELSE或者WOULDDOSTHRATHERTHANDOSTHELSE而虚拟语气的WOULDRATHER是这样使用的WOULDRATHERSBDID对现在或将来的假设/HADDONE对过去的假设IWOULDRATHERHEDIDNTGONOWTHEYWOULDRATHERTHEYHADNTATTENDEDTHEPARTYITSABOUTHIGHTIMETHAT从句中常用过去式有时也用SHOULDDO,含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做的时候了”，也等于ITSTIMEFORSBTODOSTHITSHIGHTIMETHATWEWENTHOMEITSHIGHTIMETHATWESHOULDGOHOMEITSHIGHTIMEFORUSTOGOHOMEFORFEARTHAT后面可以接虚拟语气SHOULDDO，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。IWILLNOTMAKEANOISEFORFEARTHATISHOULD/MIGHTDISTURDYOUIIWISHCLAUSEASIF/THOUGHCLAUSEIFONLY这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。WISH后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种WISHSBDID对现在的虚拟WISHSBHADDONE对过去的虚拟WISHSBWOULDDO对将来的虚拟偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现WISHSBWOULDHAVEDONE的情况。IWISHIKNEWWHATWASGOINGTOHAPPENSHEWISHEDSHEHADSTAYEDATHOMEIWISHIWOULDHAVESEENHERLASTNIGHT此时要注意表示语气很强时用HOWSBWISHCLAUSE,其用法同上。如果要用WAS依然换成WEREHOWIWISHIWEREABIRDASIF/THOUGH出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况主句ASIF/THOUGH引导的状语从句；SEEM/LOOK/SMELLASIF/THOUGH引导的表语从句。主句ASIF/THOUGH引导的状语从句主句ASIF/THOUGH主语DID/WERE对现在的假设；主句ASIF/THOUGH主语COULD/WOULDDO对将来的假设；主句ASIF/THOUGH主语HADDONE对过去的假设SEEM/LOOK/SMELL等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。SHETALKSASIFSHEKNEWEVERYTHINGHEBEHAVEDASIFNOTHINGHADHAPPENED注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况IFONLY引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为用过去式或者WOULD/COULDDO,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。IFONLYHEWEREHEREIFONLYYOUWOULDLISTENTOOURADVISEIFONLYIHADNOTBEENBUSYLASTWEEKIFONLY也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如IFONLYIHADMOREMONEY,ICOULDBUYACAR六、虚拟语气测试题I用所给单词的适当形式填空。1IFYOU_FOLLOWTHEDOCTOR,YOU_BEALLRIGHTNOW2IFWE_DRIVETHECARBYTURNS,YOU_NOTBESOTIREDNOW3IFI_BEYOU,I_NOTMISSTHATOPPORTUNITY4IFTHEY_STARTINTHEEARLYMORNING,THEY_ARRIVESOON5IFYOU_TAKEANUMBRELLA,YOU_NOTBEWETNOW6WITHOUTWATER,THERE_BENOLIVINGTHINGS7BUTFORYOURHELP,WE_NOTFINISHTHEWORK8THEYOUNGMANINSISTEDTHATHE_DONOTHINGWRONGAND_SETFREE9HADYOULISTENEDTOTHEDOCTOR,YOU_BEALLRIGHTNOW10LOOKATTHETERRIBLESITUATIONIAMINIFONLYI_FOLLOWYOURADVICEII单项选择。1IFIHADENOUGHTIME,I_ITBETTERNEXTTIMEAWILLDOBHAVEDONECDIDDWOULDDO2IFMYCAR_MORERELIABLE,IWOULDHAVEDRIVENTOLHASAINSTEADOFFLYINGLASTSUMMERAWASBHADBEENCSHOULDBEDWOULDBE3HOWIWISHEVERYFAMILY_ALARGEHOUSEWITHABEAUTIFULGARDENAHADBHAVEHADCWILLHAVEDHADHAD4SORRY,IAMTOOBUSYNOWIFI_TIME,IWOULDCERTAINLYGOFORANOUTINGWITHYOUAHADBHAVEHADCHADHADDHAVE5I_THROUGHTHATBITTERPERIODWITHOUTYOURGENEROUSHELPAWOULDNTHAVEGONEBDIDNTGOCWOULDNTGODHADNTGONE6HEWILLCOMETOMORROWBUTIDRATHERHE_THEDAYAFTERTOMORROWAWILLCOMEBISCOMINGCCAMEDHADCOME7WHATWOULDHAVEHAPPENED,_ASFARASTHERIVERBANKABOBHADWALKEDFARTHERBIFBOBSHOULDWALKEDFARTHERCHADBOBWALKEDFARTHERDIFBOBWALKEDFARTHER8THEWEATHERTURNEDOUTTOBEFINEYESTERDAYI_THETROUBLETOCARRYMYUMBRELLAWITHMEASHOULDHAVETAKENBCOULDHAVETAKENCMUSTNTHAVETAKENDNEEDNTHAVETAKEN9YOU_MUCHBETTERNOWIFYOUHADTAKENTHEDOCTORSADVICEAWOULDBEBWOULDHAVEBEENCWILLBEDSHOULDBE10_MYSELFTOMYSTUDY,IWOULDBESITTINGINACOMFORTABLETABLEOFFICENOWAIFIDEVOTEDBSHOULDIDEVOTECWOULDIDEVOTEDHADIDEVOTED11_ITRAINTOMORROW,WEWOULDHAVETOPUTOFFTHEVISITTOZHONSHANBRIDGEAWEREBSHOULDCWOULDDWILL12IFHE_MYADVICE,HEWOULDNTHAVELOSTHISJOBAFOLLOWEDBSHOULDFOLLOWCHADFOLLOWEDDWOULDFOLLOW13_NOAIRORWATER,THEREWOULDBENOLIFEINTHEWORLDAWERETHEREBTHEREARECTHEREWASDISTHERE14ITSHIGHTIMETHATYOURDAUGHTER_TOSCHOOLAWOULDBESENTBMUSTBESENTCSHOULDBESENTDISSENT15ITISNECESSARYTHATTHESEEXERCISEBOOKS_ASSOONASPOSSIBLEAAREHANDEDINBWOULDBEHANDEDINCWILLBEHANDEDINDBEHANDEDIN16MRGREENREQUIRESTHATTHESTUDENTS_ACOMPOSITIONEVERYOTHERWEEKAWRITEBWRITTENCWOULDWRITEDWILLWRITE17BUTFORTHEHELPOFMYENGLISHTEACHER,I_THEFIRSTPRIZEINTHEENGLISHWRITINGCOMPOSITIONAWOULDNOTWINBWOULDNOTHAVEWONCWOULDWINDWOULDHAVEWON18BROWNHADINTENDEDTOTAKEAJOBINBUSINESS,BUT_THATPLANAFTERTHEUNPLEASANTEXPERIENCEINAMERICAIN2011AHADABANDONEDBHASABANDONEDCABANDONEDDWILLABANDONIII根据汉语提示，用括号中的单词完成句子。1要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不那样受