企业it项目风险和控制交互影响绩效的实证模型研究

企业IT项目风险和控制交互影响绩效的实证模型研究/PAPEREDUCN1中国科技论文在线企业IT项目风险和控制交互影响绩效的实证模型研究刘汕，张金隆华中科技大学管理学院，武汉（430074）摘要尽管过去研究从不同视角（如风险视角、权变理论视角）探讨企业IT项目绩效的影响因素，但是成功控制IT项目一直是项目经理和用户关注的重要问题。但控制与绩效之间的重要关系在过去的研究中很少受到关注，也没有研究表明企业IT项目风险和控制如何交互影响绩效。因此，本文以企业IT项目绩效为研究对象，构建企业IT项目风险和控制（包括正式控制和非正式控制）交互影响绩效的理论框架，在国内128个企业IT项目调查的基础上，建立需求风险和用户风险调节影响控制和绩效之间关系的实证模型并验证所提理论框架的有效性和合理性。关键词IT项目管理；风险管理；项目绩效；正式和非正式控制中图分类号TP31150引言虽然IT项目管理的水平不断提高，但是当前企业IT项目的成功率却仍然不容乐观。STANDISHGROUP在2007VIEWFROMTHECLIENTMANAGEMENTSCIENCE,2002,48448449810MARKUS,ML,MAO,JPARTICIPATIONINDEVELOPMENTANDIMPLEMENTATIONUPDATINGANOLD,TIREDCONCEPTFORTODAYSISCONTEXTSJOURNALOFTHEASSOCIATIONFORINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,2004,5111251454411IVES,B,OLSON,MUSERINVOLVEMENTANDMISSUCCESSAREVIEWOFRESEARCHMANAGEMENTSCIENCE,1984,30558660312BOEHM,BWSOFTWARERISKMANAGEMENTPRINCIPLESANDPRACTICESIEEESOFTWARE,1991,81324113WALLACE,L,KEIL,M,RAI,AUNDERSTANDINGSOFTWAREPROJECTRISKACLUSTERANALYSISINFORMATIONMANAGEMENT,2004A,42111512514BARKI,H,RIVARD,S,TALBOT,JANINTEGRATIVECONTINGENCYMODELOFSOFTWAREPROJECTRISKMANAGEMENTJOURNALOFMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,2001,174376915KEIL,M,TIWANA,A,BUSH,ARECONCILINGUSERANDPROJECTMANAGERPERCEPTIONSOFITPROJECTRISKADELPHISTUDYINFORMATIONSYSTEMSJOURNAL2002,12210311916OUCHI,WACONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKFORTHEDESIGNOFORGANIZATIONALCONTROLMECHANISMSMANAGEMENTSCIENCE,1979,25983384817NIDUMOLU,STHEEFFECTOFCOORDINATIONANDUNCERTAINTYONSOFTWAREPROJECTPERFORMANCERESIDUALPERFORMANCERISKASANINTERVENINGVARIABLEINFORMATIONSYSTEMSRESEARCH,1995,6319121918JIANG,JJ,KLEIN,GINFORMATIONSYSTEMSUCCESSASIMPACTEDBYRISKSANDDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESIEEETRANSACTIONSONENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT,2004,481465519SCHMIDT,R,LYYTINEN,K,KEIL,M,CULE,PIDENTIFYINGSOFTWAREPROJECTRISKSANINTERNATIONALDELPHISTUDYJOURNALOFMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,2001,17453620BARKI,H,RIVARD,S,TALBOT,JTOWARDANASSESSMENTOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTRISKJOURNALOFMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,1993,10220322521BELLO,D,GILLILAND,DTHEEFFECTOFOUTPUTCONTROLS,PROCESSCONTROLS,ANDFLEXIBILITYONEXPORTCHANNELPERFORMANCEJOURNALOFMARKETING,1997,611223822KIRSCH,LDEPLOYINGCOMMONSYSTEMSGLOBALLYTHEDYNAMICSOFCONTROLINFORMATIONSYSTEMSRESEARCH,2004RIGHT,PM,GEORGE,JM,FARNSWORTH,RS,MCMAHAN,GCPRODUCTIVITYANDEXTRAROLEBEHAVIORTHEEFFECTSOFGOALSANDINCENTIVESONSPONTANEOUSHELPINGJOURNALOFAPPLIEDPSYCHOLOGY,1993,783337438124MERCHANT,KTHECONTROLFUNCTIONOFMANAGEMENTSLOANMANAGEMENTREVIEW,1982,234435525JAWORSKI,B,MERCHANT,KTOWARDATHEORYOFMARKETINGCONTROLENVIROMENTALCONTEXT,CONTROLTYPES,ANDCONSEQUENCESJOURNALOFMARKETING,1988,523233926HWANG,MI,THORN,RGTHEEFFECTOFUSERENGAGEMENTONSYSTEMSUCCESSAMETAANALYTICALINTEGRATIONOFRESEARCHFINDINGSINFORMATIONMANAGEMENT,1999,35422933627HUNTON,J,BEELER,JEFFECTSOFUSERPARTICIPATIONINSYSTEMSDEVELOPMENTALONGITUDINALFIELDEXPERIMENTMISQUARTERLY,1997,214359388/PAPEREDUCN12中国科技论文在线28JARVIS,CB,MACKENZIE,SB,PODSAKOFF,PMACRITICALREVIEWOFCONSTRUCTINDICATORSANDMEASUREMENTMODELMISSPECIFICATIONINMARKETINGANDCONSUMERRESEARCHJOURNALOFCONSUMERRESEARCH,2003,30219921829CARTE,TA,RUSSELL,CINPURSUITOFMODERATIONNINECOMMONERRORSANDTHEIRSOLUTIONSMISQUARTERLY,2003,27347950130FUTRELL,CM,SWAN,JE,TODD,JTJOBPERFORMANCERELATEDTOMANAGEMENTCONTROLSYSTEMSFORPHARMACEUTICALSALESMENJOURNALOFMARKETINGRESEARCH1976,131253331DAS,TK,TENG,BBETWEENTRUSTANDCONTROLDEVELOPINGCONFIDENCEINPARTNERCOOPERATIONINALLIANCESTHEACADEMYOFMANAGEMENTREVIEW,1998,23349151232CRAVENS,DW,FELICIA,LG,LOW,GS,MARSHALL,GW,MONCRIEF,WCFORMALANDINFORMALMANAGEMENTCONTROLCOMBINATIONSINSALESORGANIZATIONSJOURNALOFBUSINESSRESEARCH2004,57324124833RAO,MTFORMALANDINFORMALISCONTROLMECHANISMSINMULTINATIONALCORPORATIONSATESTOFRESOURCEDEPENDENCETHEORYINPROCEEDINGSOFTHE39THHAWAIIINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONSYSTEMSCIENCES,2006,1934OUCHI,W,MAGUIRE,MORGANIZATIONALCONTROLTWOFUNCTIONSADMINISTRATIVESCIENCEQUARTERLY,1975,204559569ANEMPIRICALSTUDYONINTERACTIONEFFECTOFRISKANDCONTROLONITPROJECTPERFORMANCELIUSHAN,ZHANGJINLONGSCHOOLOFMANAGEMENT,HUAZHONGUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,WUHAN430074ABSTRACTALTHOUGHPRIORLITERATUREHAVEDISCUSSEDTHEFACTORSIMPACTONITPROJECTPERFORMANCEFROMMANYPERSPECTIVESEGRISKPERSPECTIVEANDCONTINGENCYPERSPECTIVE,SUCCESSFULLYCONTROLLINGITPROJECTISAPRIMECONCERNFORBOTHPROJECTMANAGERSANDUSERSSURPRISINGLY,THEREISLITTLERESEACHEXAMININGHOWINFORMALCONTROLSAFFECTPROJECTPERFORMANCEANDHOWKEYRISKSAFFECTTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCONTROLSANDPERFORMANCETHEREFORE,INTHISSTUDY,WEFOCUSONENTERPRISEITPROJECTPERFORMANCEANDTHERORIZINGAFRAMEWORKOFHOWRISKSANDCONTROLSINCLUDINGFORMALANDINFORMALCONTROLSINTERACTTOAFFECTPERFORMANCEBASEDONTHEDATAOBTAINEDFROM128ITPROJECTS,WEEXAMINETHEMODERATINGEFFECTOFREQUIREMENTRISKAND