mba经典案例--日本“循环经济”发展战略分析与解读

MBA经典案例日本“循环经济”发展战略分析与解读1,THEHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCIRCULARECONOMYINJAPAN1ECONOMICDEVELOPMENTFACTORSJAPANISABIGCOUNTRYWITHRESOURCECONSUMPTION,ANDTHEVASTMAJORITYOFTHERESOURCESANDENERGYNEEDEDFORECONOMICDEVELOPMENTAREIMPORTEDFROMABROAD,WHICHISVULNERABLETOTHEIMPACTOFFOREIGNPRICESTHEREFORE,INMARCH2000,THEINDUSTRIALSTRUCTUREWILLBECONSIDEREDINMITI“OUTLOOK“TWENTYFIRSTCENTURYECONOMICPOLICYRESEARCHREPORT,PUTFORWARDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFENVIRONMENTALINDUSTRYANDCIRCULARECONOMYSYSTEMASTHEIMPROVEMENTOFTHEECONOMICSTRUCTUREINJAPAN,ANIMPORTANTPARTOFIMPROVINGINDUSTRIALCOMPETITIVENESS2SOCIALFACTORSJAPANSMASSPRODUCTION,MASSIVEABANDONMENTANDCONSUMPTIONINTHEPASTHAVEBROUGHTABOUTMANYENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSFIRST,THEWASTETREATMENTPRESSUREISINCREASINGDAYBYDAY,ANDTHESOCIALCOSTOFWASTETREATMENTISINCREASINGTWOISTHETRADITIONALSOCIOECONOMICMODEL,RESULTINGINECOLOGICALIMBALANCE,REDUCINGTHEQUALITYOFNATIONALLIFETHEREFORE,ITISNECESSARYTODEVELOPCIRCULARECONOMY3INTERNATIONALFACTORSJAPANISFOURTHCARBONDIOXIDEEMISSIONSTOFACEMOREINTERNATIONALPRESSURE,HOWTOSOLVETHECONTRADICTIONOFINTERNATIONALOBLIGATIONSANDTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEDOMESTICECONOMY,IMPROVETHEECONOMICSYSTEMFUNDAMENTALLY,CONSTRUCTIONOFCIRCULARECONOMYSOCIETYHAVEBECOMEANINEVITABLECHOICE4THESTAGEOFECONOMICDEVELOPMENTACCORDINGTOTHEENVIRONMENTALKUZNETSCURVETHEORY,INTHEPROCESSOFDEVELOPMENTOFACOUNTRYORREGION,THEENVIRONMENTALQUALITYHASAUSHAPEPROCESSTHATDETERIORATESFIRSTANDTHENIMPROVESAFTER1990S,SOMEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESSUCHASJAPANHAVEENTEREDTHEPHASEOFCOORDINATEDDEVELOPMENTOFENVIRONMENTALQUALITYIMPROVEMENTANDECONOMICGROWTHTHEDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGYOF“ENVIRONMENT,ECONOMYANDCOUNTRY“AND“CIRCULARECONOMY“AND“CIRCULARSOCIETY“PUTFORWARDBYJAPANFULLYCONFORMTOTHETHEORYOFENVIRONMENTALKUZNETSCURVE2,JAPANSSTRATEGICORIENTATIONTOWARDARECYCLINGECONOMYSOCIETY1ACCELERATINGTHETRANSFORMATIONOFVARIOUSMODESFIRST,CHANGESINTHEENVIRONMENTALPRESERVATIONMODELINPROMOTINGENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONINTHEPROCESSOFWASTEFROMAPASSIVE“ENDTREATMENT“TOUSEINTHEPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONOFWASTEGENERATEDBYTHESOURCECONTROL“PIPEENDPREVENTION“,WITHTHEMETHODOFRECYCLINGANDREDUCTIONOFWASTERECYCLING,ANDHASFORMEDACOMPLETESETOFSYSTEMMECHANISMTOAVOIDWASTEGENERATIONSECONDLY,THEESTABLISHMENTOFRESOURCEPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONINTHEFIELDOFRECYCLINGECONOMYMODELINACCORDANCEWITHTHECONCEPTOFCIRCULARECONOMY,THREEKINDSOFCIRCULATIONPATTERNSOFDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSDESIGNINTHEFIELDOFRESOURCESPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONFIRST,THROUGHTHEINTERNALCIRCULATION,PROMOTINGTHECIRCULATIONOFRAWMATERIALSANDENERGYSECOND,THROUGHTHELOOPBETWEENENTERPRISES,ECOLOGICALINDUSTRIALCHAIN,THEFORMATIONOFCOMBINATION,SHARERESOURCESANDEXCHANGEOFBYPRODUCTSOFINDUSTRIALSYMBIOSISTHIRD,THROUGHTHEWHOLESOCIETYCIRCULATION,PROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEGREENCONSUMERMARKETANDRESOURCERECYCLINGINDUSTRY,TOCOMPLETETHECLOSEDLOOPOFTHECIRCULARECONOMYTHIRDLY,THEESTABLISHMENTOFANEWINDUSTRYMODELONEOFTHEPURPOSESOFTHESTRATEGYOFDEVELOPINGCIRCULARECONOMYINJAPANISTOESTABLISHANECOINDUSTRIALMODELTHEINDUSTRYINTERMSOFTHEORGANICCIRCULATIONPRINCIPLEOFNATURALECOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTMODEISESTABLISHED,FORMINGARELATIONSHIPSIMILARTOTHENATURALECOLOGICALCHAINAMONGDIFFERENTINDUSTRIESANDENTERPRISES,DIFFERENTINDUSTRIES,SOASTOMAKEFULLUSEOFRESOURCES,REDUCEWASTE,MATERIALRECYCLING,ELIMINATEENVIRONMENTALDAMAGE,IMPROVEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSCALEANDTHEQUALITYOFTHEFINALLY,ANEWMODEOFINDUSTRIALPRODUCTIONWILLBESETUPJAPANEMPHASIZESTHECLOSEDLOOPOFTHEMATERIALINTHEINDUSTRIALSYSTEM,ONEIMPORTANTWAYISTOESTABLISHHORIZONTALSYMBIOSISBETWEENDIFFERENTINDUSTRIALPROCESSESANDDIFFERENTINDUSTRIESINANINDUSTRIALSYSTEM2CONSTRUCTTHELEGALSYSTEMOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCIRCULARECONOMYSOUNDINJAPANTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFCIRCULARECONOMYLEGALSYSTEMCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREELEVELSTHEFIRSTLEVELISTHEBASELAYER,THELAWIS“TOPROMOTETHEESTABLISHMENTOFRECYCLINGSOCIETYBASICLAW“THESECONDLEVELISTHECOMPREHENSIVELAW,THELAWIS“SOLIDWASTEMANAGEMENTANDCLEANPUBLICLAW“AND“LAW“TOPROMOTETHEEFFECTIVEUTILIZATIONOFRESOURCESTHETHIRDLEVELISACCORDINGTOTHELAWSANDREGULATIONSOFVARIOUSPROPERTIESOFPRODUCTS,WHICHARE“PROMOTINGTHECONTAINERANDPACKAGINGRECYCLINGLAW“,“HOMEAPPLIANCERECYCLINGLAW“,“CONSTRUCTIONANDMATERIALRECYCLINGLAW“,“FOODRECYCLINGLAW“AND“GREENPURCHASINGLAW“3IMPROVETHEPOLICYMECHANISMOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCIRCULARECONOMYFIRSTOFALL,STRENGTHENTHEADMINISTRATIVEMECHANISMINADDITIONTOTHEPROVINCIALENVIRONMENT,AIMINGATTHEENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS,SEEKINGTOESTABLISHTHESYSTEMOFCIRCULARECONOMYANDCIRCULARSOCIETYSYSTEM,THEJAPANESEGOVERNMENTALSOSETUPA“RING“CONFERENCEMECHANISM,THEBASICIDEAISTOBUILDTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTIDEAISSIMPLE,HIGHQUALITYOFTHECIRCULATIONTYPESOCIETY“,AND“TOCLEANPRODUCTION,COMPREHENSIVEUTILIZATIONOFRESOURCES,ECOLOGICALDESIGNANDSUSTAINABLECONSUMPTIONASTHEGUIDINGIDEOLOGY,THEUSEOFSOCIALECOLOGYTOGUIDEECONOMICACTIVITIESOFTHECIRCULARECONOMYDEVELOPMENTMODE“SECONDLY,THEESTABLISHMENTOFEFFECTIVEPOLICYMECHANISMTHEJAPANESEGOVERNMENTHASBEENACTIVELYSUPPORTINGTHERECYCLINGPROJECTS,INWHICHTHERETURNSYSTEMHASPLAYEDAVERYIMPORTANTROLEINSTIMULATINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFJAPANSENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONINDUSTRYHASALSOBENEFITEDFROMTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPOLICYINORDERTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFCIRCULARECONOMY,FORMULATEDASERIESOFPOLICYOFCAPITALINVESTMENT,THEBUDGETSYSTEM,THEFINANCINGSYSTEMOFCIRCULARECONOMYDEVELOPMENTSUPPORT,SUCHASTHEWASTERECYCLINGPROCESSEQUIPMENTINPRODUCTION,THEPRODUCERSOFCONSIDERABLEFEESOF1/2SUBSIDIESTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHEPILOTTYPEOFRATIONALUTILIZATIONOFENERGYEQUIPMENTSUBSIDIES,SUBSIDIESTHERATEIS1/3,THEAMOUNTOFSUBSIDYCEILINGIS200MILLIONYEN3RENGAGEDINRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,EQUIPMENTINVESTMENT,PROCESSIMPROVEMENTANDOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHEPRIVATEENTERPRISE,ACCORDINGTODIFFERENTCONDITIONS,ENJOYTHEPOLICYLOANINTERESTRATESANDSOON4CONSTRUCTTHESYSTEMSTRUCTUREOFCIRCULARECONOMYTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEFOLLOWINGCIRCULATORYSYSTEMISCONSTRUCTEDINJAPANFIRST,CONSTRUCTTHE“THREEDIMENSIONALINDUSTRIALSYSTEM“OF“CIRCULARECONOMY“TWOISTODEVELOPGREENINDUSTRYTHREEISTOVIGOROUSLYDEVELOPTHEDECOMPOSITIONINDUSTRYFOURISTOCONSTRUCTREGIONALCIRCULARECONOMYFIVE,PAYATTENTIONTOTHEDEVELOPMENTANDUTILIZATIONOFRENEWABLEENERGY,SUCHASWINDENERGY,SOLARENERGYANDGEOTHERMALRESOURCES,ANDREALIZETHETRANSFORMATIONFROM“ENERGYEXHAUSTED“ECONOMYTO“ENERGYRECYCLING“ECONOMYSIXISTOCONSTRUCTTHETECHNICALSYSTEMOF“CIRCULARECONOMY“7,IMPROVETHEPUBLICSSENSEOFPARTICIPATION3,ANALYZINGTHESTRATEGICMOTIVEOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFJAPANSCIRCULARECONOMY1PROMOTINGREGIONALECONOMICDEVELOPMENTBYDEVELOPINGCIRCULARECONOMYASEARLYASTHEENDOF1980SANDTHEBEGINNINGOF90S,JAPANBEGANTOEXPLORETHETRANSFORMATIONFROMECONOMICMODELTOECOLOGICALCIRCULARECONOMYINJULY1997,THEJAPANESEGOVERNMENTFORMALLYPUTFORWARDTHE“ECOTOWN“PROJECTTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPROJECTISTOSTOPWASTESOURCES,PROMOTEWASTEUTILIZATION,RELYONTHEENVIRONMENTALINDUSTRY,REVITALIZEREGIONALECONOMICDEVELOPMENT,ANDCREATEARECYCLINGORIENTEDSOCIETY“2TOWINTHEMARKETWITHRECYCLEDPRODUCTS,SEEKNEWGROWTHWITHTHEDEEPENINGOFENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONINJAPAN,JAPANSENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONINDUSTRYHASCREATEDANEWECONOMICGROWTHPOINTITISBECAUSEOFTHEENDOF70SJAPANPROMULGATEDTHEAUTOMOBILEEMISSIONSTANDARDS,TOPROMOTETHEJAPANESEAUTOINDUSTRYTOIMPROVEFUELEFFICIENCYANDREDUCEEXHAUSTEMISSIONSEXCEEDTHESTANDARDOFRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,THEJAPANESECARIN80SONENVIRONMENTALANDECONOMICADVANTAGES,THEFIRSTTOSEIZETHECARMARKETINEUROPE3TOMAINTAINAC